Problem Of Ownership Research Articles

CHANGES AND THREATS IN THE PRESERVATION OF THE TRADITIONAL MALAY LANDSCAPE

The cultural landscape is regarded as being of the most complex designs which involves interactions between man, nature, cultural values and the associated built environment. Issues relating to the degradation of the cultural landscape are often caused by rapid urbanisation and industrialisation. The traditional Malay Landscape exists through harmoniously balanced interactions between man, nature and culture together with the traditional house, and contains unique and interesting features that have to be preserved as one of the most important cultural heritage sites. However, the preservation of heritage in Malaysia tends to focus more on architectural buildings rather than adopting a holistic approach that includes the surrounding environment of where the building is located. The absence of such approach has contributed towards the loss of the traditional Malay Landscape. This study highlights the changes and threats in the preservation of the traditional Malay Landscape by focusing on the preservation of a traditional house compound. The research employs a qualitative approach which involves site visits, interviews, and document analysis concerning the research topic. The old Malay villages located in Tumpat, Kelantan and Alor Gajah, Melaka have been selected as case studies. The findings reveal that the changes and threats include four underlying aspects; Unsuitable and inappropriate uses, Ownership Problems, Inadequate fund and consultation and Current development trends. The study concludes that the traditional Malay Landscape is facing numerous changes and threats in terms of its physical characteristics, environmental aspects and cultural values. In addition, the study reveals that traditional Malay landscape is not seen here as an integrating, holistic concept.

Application of Voting Theory to the Float Ownership Problem

AbstractA longstanding contentious question in construction scheduling is who owns float: the owner or general contractor. Float is the ability of scheduled activities to absorb delays by their fle...

The Problems of Data Ownership and Data Security

The Problems of Data Ownership and Data Security

農業問題研究学会編, 「現代の農業問題」 1『グローバル資本主義と農業-世界経済の現局面で農業問題研究の「現代性」と意義を問う-』, 筑波書房, 2008年11月, ix+283頁 / 農業問題研究学会編, 「現代の農業問題」 2『労働市場と農業-地域労働市場構造の変動の実相-』, 筑波書房, 2008年11月, ix+218頁 / 農業問題研究学会編, 「現代の農業問題」 3『土地の所有と利用-地域営農と農地の所有・利用の現時点-』, 筑波書房, 2008年11月, ix+192頁 / 農業問題研究学会編, 「現代の農業問題」 4『農業構造問題と国家の役割-農業構造問題研究への新たな視角-』, 筑波書房, 2008年11月, ix+236頁

農業問題研究学会編, 「現代の農業問題」 1『グローバル資本主義と農業-世界経済の現局面で農業問題研究の「現代性」と意義を問う-』, 筑波書房, 2008年11月, ix+283頁 / 農業問題研究学会編, 「現代の農業問題」 2『労働市場と農業-地域労働市場構造の変動の実相-』, 筑波書房, 2008年11月, ix+218頁 / 農業問題研究学会編, 「現代の農業問題」 3『土地の所有と利用-地域営農と農地の所有・利用の現時点-』, 筑波書房, 2008年11月, ix+192頁 / 農業問題研究学会編, 「現代の農業問題」 4『農業構造問題と国家の役割-農業構造問題研究への新たな視角-』, 筑波書房, 2008年11月, ix+236頁

Forensic engineering for resolving ownership problem of reusable IP core generated during high level synthesis

Reusable Intellectual Property (IP) cores have become an obligatory mandate for combating conflicting objectives of maximizing design productivity and minimizing design cycle time. However, a reusable IP core needs protection against false (illegal) claim of ownership. In this paper, we propose a novel computational forensic engineering (CFE) based approach for resolving ownership problem of a reusable IP core generated during high level synthesis (HLS).Some of the major contributions of the proposed approach are as follows: (a) a novel methodology based on multiple design feature set (technology & control parameter independent) that is capable of resolving false claim of vendor ownership problem for an IP core generated during HLS (b) novel algorithms for extracting design features (from register transfer level (RTL) hardware description language (HDL)) of an IP core for determining the rightful owner (c) a novel signature free approach (with avg. runtime ∼2 s) that offers 0% hardware overhead and 0% degradation of IP functionality/quality compared to watermarking based IP ownership resolution techniques.

Acciones y estrategias para un Programa de Tenencia Responsable de Animales en Chile

The Responsible Pet Ownership (RPO) at present, does is not a global concept and one; in Chile its guiding principles is in a draft law, actually the practices of regulation are in laws, regulations, municipal ordinances, without a conceptual definition and operational indicators. The abscense of a public policy about pet ownership problem, has repercussions in the health of people, care and the environment. The objetive of the study was identified in the actions and strategies of a RPO program to be implemented in Chile, combining a Systematic review of cientific and not-cientific literature and a Delphi method addressed to fifteen national social actors, to value contents. Six global actions and fifty strategies were identified in a Systematic review as relevant to approach a RPO. All actions were valued by experts, with greater emphasis on animal population control, legislation and education strategies. Other strategies such as euthanasia and shelters generated controversy and there was no agreement to incorporate them. It was defined that the municipalities are the entity that has the role of the implementation of the Program.

Acciones y estrategias para un Programa de Tenencia Responsable de Animales en Chile

La Tenencia Responsable de Animales (TRA) no constituye un concepto global y único; en Chile sus principios rectores descansan en un proyecto de ley y actualmente su regulación se sustenta en aportes de diversos reglamentos, leyes y ordenanzas municipales; sin una definición conceptual y operativa de indicadores. La no existencia de una política pública para abordar el origen de la problemática de tenencia animal, repercute en la salud de personas y animales; y del ambiente. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar acciones y estrategias componentes de un Programa de TRA para ser implementado en Chile, combinando una Revisión Sistemática de literatura científica y gris para identificar contenidos pertinentes y una metodología Delphi dirigida a 15 actores claves nacionales para valorar los contenidos. En la revisión de literatura se identificaron seis grandes acciones y cincuenta estrategias para abordar la TRA. Todas las acciones fueron valoradas por los expertos, poniendo mayor énfasis en estrategias de ``control de población animal'', ``legislación'' y ``educación''. Otras estrategias como ``eutanasia'' y ``refugios'' generaron controversias y no existió acuerdo para que sean incorporadas. Se definió que las municipalidades son la entidad que tiene el rol de la implementación del Programa.

Effect of Fadama III program on dry-season vegetable growers in Kwara State, Nigeria

This study assessed the effect of the Fadama III program on dry-season vegetable growers in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study emanated from the need to know how well agricultural programs have achieved their targets. Data collected from 200 beneficiaries selected through a combination of purposive and random sampling techniques were used for the study. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive statistics, a five-point Likert scale, and a t test. The results showed that the beneficiaries were mainly female, married, and relatively old, with farming as their primary occupation. The benefits accrued from the program by the farmers were a knapsack sprayer, training on record keeping, agro-chemicals, fertilizer, improved seeds, a watering can, pest and disease management, conflict resolution, and the construction of a well, borehole, cooling shed and market stall. The mean farm size of the farmers before and after participating in the program was 1.15 and 2.15 ha, respectively, with a corresponding average monthly income of NGN 6,833.75 and NGN 16,137.50, respectively (USD 1 = NGN 165). The study further revealed a positive effect of the program on the farmers' livelihoods. The major problems faced by the farmers were inadequate credit, conflict with herdsmen, land ownership problems, inadequate labor, and poor market linkage. Therefore, the study recommends the provision of credit facilities by relevant stakeholders, putting lasting conflict resolution measures in place, encouraging youths to practice agriculture, and training farmers on market linkage.

The land rental system and diffusion of telecom infrastructure in Ghana: an institutional and transaction economics approach

The paper answers the question: which are the economic and practical challenges encountered by mobile operators and tower companies when deploying infrastructure in countries with land ownership systems as in Ghana? The foundation for this issue is the clash and articulation of different kinds of land ownership structures and rights. Under the traditional social or communal ownership system, land belongs to the clans and is distributed among families following tradition-based user rights. The land ownership structures of a capitalist mode of production are only slowly breaking into this system. The analysis is based on institutional analysis including a calculated estimation of the transaction costs for telecom operators seeking to establish contracts for land rental and for enforcing contracts. Quantitative as well as qualitative empirical evidence is analyzed. The paper concludes that the land ownership system in Ghana creates problems for the telecom and tower companies. The communal lands constitute the dominant land ownership system. When this system encounters a private ownership system, a number of land ownership cases are produced, which costs money for the telecom companies. The total transaction costs relating to ownership problems connected with mobile towers are calculated to be between GHC 6.9 and 13.9 million in 2015. In the Ghana context, though this may not be a very large sum, such problems may hold or delay the expansion of the telecom infrastructure especially in rural areas. Uncertainty is an important factor when making investment decisions.

The Implementation of Aerotropolis Concept on New Town Planning and Design in Mebidangro, Sumatera Utara

Mebidangro is a metropolitan area in Sumatera Utara Province that consists of some regencies and cities of Medan, Binjai, Deli Serdang, and Karo. The region becomes one of the national strategic developments that have been assigned by The President. In the planning, a part of the spatial arrangement refers to the role of Kualanamu International airport as the international transportation hub. Meanwhile, PT Angkasapura proposes the aerotropolis, a new town concept that based on the strategic function of the airport. The model is derived from John Kasada’s idea about the airport influence in generating and accelerating economic activity in a “city airport.” The study aims to explore ideas on planning and design a new town in Mebidangro that applies some aerotropolis theories, including spatial structure, land use and urban design guidelines. The result of the study indicates that aerotropolis can fit the vision of Mebidangro development in improving economic activity as well as community quality of life. However, the implementation should deal with some problems of land ownership and the community readiness. The research can contribute to enrich the way to implement any “import” town planning and design theory that corresponds to local environment condition.

Entertaining Foreign Copyrights

This paper discusses the implications of the UK Supreme Court’s decision in Lucasfilm, focusing on the issue of jurisdiction over cases involving foreign infringement of intellectual property rights. Part II focuses on the implications of Lucasfilm in the context of cross-border infringement cases. Part III discusses cross-border ownership problems, a topic that was not raised in the context of Lucasfilm.

Green Infrastructure Development in Cisangkuy Subwatershed, Bandung Regency: Potential and Problems

Green infrastructure (GI) development is able to deliver multiple benefits to economic, social, and especially environment. Nevertheless adoption of GI measures faces some problems. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential and problems of GI development in Cisangkuy Subwatershed, Bandung Regency. The methods used in this research are modeling and stakeholder interview. The result of analysis shows that there are four kind of green infrastructure to be developed, which are infiltration basin (7,037.22ha), vegetated filter strip (1,511.12ha), dry pond (839.57ha) and bioretention (418,58ha). Based on stakeholder interview, the development of green infrastructure is limited only to bioretention (43.75ha) and infiltration basin (5,930.58ha) due to the problem of land ownership. Another problem is such measures have not been stated in spatial plan.

Development Models for the Brazilian Countryside

Problems of land use and ownership result from the inequalities caused by the hegemonic form of capitalism, agribusiness. A possible alternative model has yet to be worked out, and there is a fundamental need to reflect on the struggle against the hegemony of capitalism and how to safeguard the interests of the peasantry. From this perspective, the agrarian question should be considered as a conflict between those favoring the interests of the peasantry and family farming and those favoring agribusiness. A paradigmatic debate about the roles of the Brazilian state, agribusiness, and the peasant movements in formulating public policy shows that the potential for the peasantry to grow food is threatened by the concentration of power, landownership, capital, technology, and wealth. Unless there is a change in the development model, the prospect is increasing inequality. The experiment with having two government ministries for agriculture is an important step in the shaping of policies to support family farming. Os problemas com uso e propriedade da terra são resultados das desigualdades causadas pelo modelo capitalista hegemônico denominado agronegócio. Um possível modelo alternativo está sendo gestado e há necessidade de refletir sobre a luta contra a hegemonia do capitalismo e como salvaguardar os interesses dos camponeses. A partir desta perspectiva, a questão agrária deve ser considerada como conflitualidade permanente entre os interesses dos camponeses ou agricultura familiar e os interesses do agronegócio. O debate paradigmático contribui para compreender o papel do Estado brasileiro, do agronegócio e dos movimentos camponeses na formulação de políticas públicas. Também mostra que as possibilidades de criação de um modelo de desenvolvimento do campesinato está ameaçado pela concentração de poder, propriedade da terra, capital, tecnologia e riqueza nas mãos do agronegócio. Se não houver uma mudança com a criação de um modelo de desenvolvimento voltado aos interesses da agricultura camponesa, a perspectiva é de aumento da desigualdade. A experiência de ter dois ministérios para a agricultura é condição fundamental na definição de políticas de apoio à agricultura camponesa e familiar.

Problems of media ownership in Serbia

Different implications of media ownership on democratic capacity of Serbian society in the beginning of the new millennium are analyzed in the paper. The frame of the research is democratic and market model of media policy which was established after political changes in Serbia in 2000. The aim of the paper is to identify the main problems of media ownership in Serbia in the process of adjustment to the European media policy. In order to understand the genesis of marked problems, they are observed in the context of current trends on wider - global - media market. It can be concluded that democratic and market model of media system does not guarantee the conditions for democratic public discussion and satisfaction of public interest.

刍议自传作品的著作权归属—以《地狱归来》案为视角

在当事人事前没有约定的情况下，当前的司法解释将自传作品著作权归于特定人。但是由于作品创作方式的不同，著作权归属情况不应该是单一的。根据撰写者对自传作品不同的参与程度，自传作品著作权归属大体可以分为三类：特定人独自享有著作权、特定人和撰写者共同拥有著作权、撰写者独自拥有著作权。为了解决自传作品著作权归属时面临的问题，笔者也从三个方面提出了建议：完善司法解释、事前形成约定、注重对证据的保留。 Under the condition that parties do not come to an agreement in advance, the present judicial in-terpretation owns the ownership of copyright to biographical master. But according to the differ-ences of the creating methods of autobiographies, the conditions of the ownership of autobiogra-phies should not be single. From the perspective of the as-clepius’s different participation condi-tions, the ownership of copyright can be divided into three categories: persona certa has the copy-right alone, persona certa and as-clepius have the copyright together, as-clepius has the copyright alone. To solve the problem of ownership of copyright of autobiography, the writer puts forward suggestions from three aspects: improving the judicial interpretation, reaching an agreement in advance and paying attention to the retention of the evidence.

Problem federalnej własności ziem publicznych na zachodzie USA

U.S. Federal government is an owner of more than 28% of area of the country. This has a big impact on a social and economic life, especially because it is a significant disproportion in treatment between Western and Eastern states by U.S. C ongress. This problem has lasted for decades. The federal ownership of public lands began when 13 mother-states ceded their rights to lands west from the Mississippi River after Treaty of Paris had been enacted in 1783. The initial federal policy to dispose public lands into new-formed states and privet individuals was formally ended in 1976 when the Congress enacted Federal Land Policy and Management Act . Since this moment it has been the increased dispute between federal government and state governments. In 2012, Utah passed Transfer of Public Lands and Related Study , which has opened a new chapter in this controversy because of using different arguments to the advantage of transferring rights to public lands than previous ones. TPLA bases on a contract theory which should be applicable to Utah’s Enabling Act of 1894. This article shows a general problem of the federal ownership in lights of economic, historic, ecological and law arguments. These latter ones refer to the arguments from TPLA.

Corporate Governance Effect on Ownership and Control in Firms: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

The paper focuses on Corporate Governance (CG) impact on the ownership and control of firms in Pakistan. It also explores legal protection of managers and investors rights in companies. Corporate Governance is considered as a core element when we talk about economic performance and to enhance investor’s trust. Further on, it defines the structure, methods, control and processes of a company to achieve corporate objectives and targets under transparent strategies. CG enhances maximize shareholder value through transparency and accountability which increased firm’s performance. In this study, a model presented that shows the effect of effective corporate governance mechanism in reducing the ownership and control problem among the organizational members of the company. The technique which used to collect data from the stakeholders of various companies was questionnaire method. The result of the study shows that effective corporate governance mechanism is the best practice to reduce the ownership and control problems in the organizations. The clear company policies and objectives are also the major contributor in reducing the principle agent problem in the firms.

The Issue of Ownership during Transition Period in the Former Communist Countries of Eastern Europe, as Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Albania

The issue of ownership, legal changes and legal re-conceptualization of property rights in these countries, Transition in the former communist countries of Eastern Europe, as Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Albania; This study was conducted in the view of legal changes applied by countries in transition in Eastern Europe. The transition to the post-communist society did not reflect the same features and results from the point of view of property rights. Problems of ownership have been different in these countries, which relates to the way of organization of the socialist regime, and the direction of each state, in the view of the right of ownership. The form of this organization has influenced in many problems of transformation of public ownership in the process of restitution and compensation of its in private property. According to this organization some societies have passed the transition faster and smooth, while others have passed, or continue to wander through the transition more difficult and problematic. Practical Uses in these countries in respect the right of ownership, have been different, for every post-communist country. They reflect different features from one country to another and that the concept and current practices for property rights remain open for improvement in countries such as Albania to achieve the standard for European right! The question that remains open for discussion is that of identifying the factors that have contributed to the field and the differences between them, for countries in transition and property rights among post-communist societies. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2p175

Wybrane problemy funkcjonowania parków narodowych w Polsce

The article is a reflection on selected problems related to the existence of national parks in Poland. It consists of five points: the problems of ownership of a property situated in the national park, the right of pre-emption of real property located within its boundaries, planning in national parks, especially in relation to other planning instruments relating to the territory covered by it and the problem of determining national park protection zone and the boundaries of a national park. The article concludes with the findings, both de lege lata and de lege ferenda.

Professional Work for Nothing: Software Commercialization and “An Open Letter to Hobbyists”

In 1975 Bill Gates published “An Open Letter to Hobbyists” in response to unauthorized duplication of Microsoft software. The letter appeared in numerous hobby magazines and club newsletters, sparking a dialogue among contemporary hobbyist readers, many of whom had not yet seriously considered the ethical and economic dimensions of commercial software. In the 1980s, histories of personal computing published in the popular press preserved a memory of the open letter that was later taken up by advocates of the free and open-source software movement. As the open letter traveled through each of these discursive contexts, it enabled enthusiasts and entrepreneurs alike to think about the problems of ownership, authorship, labor, and value brought about by software commercialization.