Land Problems Research Articles

Some Comments on the Aircraft Landing Problem: How Optimal is the First Come First Serve Policy?

Some Comments on the Aircraft Landing Problem: How Optimal is the First Come First Serve Policy?

Experimental Investigation of M35 Grade Self Compaction Concrete by using Baggasse Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement and Cupola Slag with Coarse Aggregate

Self-compacting concrete (SCC), a recent innovation in concrete technology, has numerous advantages over conventional concrete. Self-compacting concrete, as the name indicates, is a type of concrete that does not require external or internal compaction, because it becomes leveled and consolidated under its self-weight. SCC can spread and fill all corners of the formwork, purely by means of its self- weight, thus eliminating the need of vibration or any type of consolidating effort. In this project, Baggasse ash is replaced with cement and Cupola slag is replaced with coarse aggregate are studied. The physical properties of cupola slag and coarse aggregates are similar and physical properties of Baggasse ash and cement are similar. Both materials are eco-friendly building material. The problem of the disposal and maintenance problem of land filling is reduced. This study investigates the performance of concrete mixture in terms of Compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively of M-35 grade concrete. This project deals with the self- compacting concrete where the replacement OPC by Baggasse ash were 20% by weight and Cupola slag by weight of Coarse Aggregates in various percentages such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%.

Features of the Documentation Approval Procedure on Territorial Planning a Linear Facility Placement

The article studies the problem of planning and land surveying projects’ approval procedure for the purpose of placement the linear facilities. Its relevance is induced by the high complexity and large volume of work performed. The present study is aimed at finding the possible ways to optimize and improve the documentation approval procedure on territorial planning. For this purpose, technical specifications of the engineering structures affecting the features of documentation approval procedure have been determined, and information on the timeline and the order of going through the approval procedure at various state government bodies having the power in the field of control and management of the territories and for which the documentation on the territorial planning is being prepared was analysed.

Convex geometric motion planning of multi-body systems on lie groups via variational integrators and sparse moment relaxation

This paper reports a novel result: with proper robot models based on geometric mechanics, one can formulate the kinodynamic motion planning problems for rigid body systems as exact polynomial optimization problems. Due to the nonlinear rigid body dynamics, the motion planning problem for rigid body systems is nonconvex. Existing global optimization-based methods do not parameterize 3D rigid body motion efficiently; thus, they do not scale well to long-horizon planning problems. We use Lie groups as the configuration space and apply the variational integrator to formulate the forced rigid body dynamics as quadratic polynomials. Then, we leverage Lasserre’s hierarchy of moment relaxation to obtain the globally optimal solution via semidefinite programming. By leveraging the sparsity of the motion planning problem, the proposed algorithm has linear complexity with respect to the planning horizon. This paper demonstrates that the proposed method can provide globally optimal solutions or certificates of infeasibility at the second-order relaxation for 3D drone landing using full dynamics and inverse kinematics for serial manipulators. Moreover, we extend the algorithms to multi-body systems via the constrained variational integrators. The testing cases on cart-pole and drone with cable-suspended load suggest that the proposed algorithms can provide rank-one optimal solutions or nontrivial initial guesses. Finally, we propose strategies to speed up the computation, including an alternative formulation using quaternion, which provides empirically tight relaxations for the drone landing problem at the first-order relaxation.

Propulsive landing of launchers’ first stages with Deep Reinforcement Learning

The planetary landing problem is gaining relevance in the space sector, spanning a wide range of applications from unmanned probes landing on other planetary bodies to reusable first and second stages of launcher vehicles. In the existing methodology there is a lack of flexibility in handling complex non-linear dynamics, in particular in the case of non-convexifiable constraints. It is therefore crucial to assess the performance of novel techniques and their advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this work is the development of an integrated 6-DOF guidance and control approach based on reinforcement learning of deep neural network policies for fuel-optimal planetary landing control, specifically with application to a launcher first-stage terminal landing, and the assessment of its performance and robustness. 3-DOF and 6-DOF simulators are developed and encapsulated in MDP-like (Markov Decision Process) industry-standard compatible environments. Particular care is given in thoroughly shaping reward functions capable of achieving the landing both successfully and in a fuel-optimal manner. A cloud pipeline for effective training of an agent using a PPO reinforcement learning algorithm to successfully achieve the landing goal is developed.

Saline soil improvement promotes the transformation of microbial salt tolerance mechanisms and microbial-plant-animal ecological interactions

The improvement of coastal saline land would alleviate the problem of insufficient arable land and provide new solutions for guaranteeing food security and ecological environment modification. In this study, five typical soil samples were collected from Tongzhou Bay, China. The changes in bacterial, animal and plant community composition before and after improvement were comprehensively investigated by a combination of high-throughput sequencing and macro-barcode sequencing analysis of eDNA. The study aimed (1) to characterize the species composition and diversity of the bacterial communities in saline soils, (2) to elucidate the mechanisms of salt tolerance of the bacterial communities, and (3) to investigate the impacts of the microbial salt tolerance mechanisms on the regional bacteria and fauna. The results showed that over 15 years of improvement, the composition of the bacteria in the saline-alkaline plots evolved significantly, changing from Desulfovibrio (10.60%) and Campylobacter (11.20%), to Acidobacter (12.91%). After the improvement, salt stress on the bacterial phyla gradually decreased. The functional differentiation of the bacterial phyla became more pronounced. As ion concentrations decreased, the main mechanism of salt tolerance of the bacterial bacteria changed from mainly mechanism of inorganic ion accumulation (55.56%), supplemented by flexible halophilic enzymes (31.77%), to mainly mechanism of compatible solute (44.80%). The mechanism of microbial salt tolerance directly affected micro-diversity and indirectly influenced the diversity of environmental species (R = 0.54). The results of this study provide a scientific basis for coastal saline land as a microbiodiversity marker and for the exploration of microbial improvement of saline land.

Tinjauan Yuridis Hukum Administrasi Negara terhadap Pengadaan Tanah bagi Kepentingan Umum berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 2021

Land Acquisition for the Public Interest aims to provide land for the implementation of development to improve the welfare and prosperity of the nation, state and society while still guaranteeing the legal interests of the Eligible Parties. Based on Government Regulation Number 19 of 2021, the research method used is normative juridical with an approach through literature study and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that land banks have a strategic role as a national land management tool, especially in terms of land tenure and management, so as to realize greater prosperity for the people. This is also reinforced by the fact that land bank activities have been successfully implemented in various developed countries to systematically overcome various land problems, for example, land that has been developed, abandoned land or vacant land and land that is considered abandoned, as well as land that is considered occupied. potential growth to be more efficient. That there are 3 (three) basic values of law, called legal ideals, where the law must fulfill these basic values, namely: justice, expediency (zweckmaszigkeit) and legal certainty. As a basic value that must be respected, the instrument for regulating land reserves in the future must be able to take into account the achievement of these three basic values.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER 24 OF 1997 CONCERNING LAND REGISTRATION IN IMPLEMENTATION AND PROBLEMS AT REGENCY/CITY NATIONAL LAND AGENCY OFFICES

Problems are complex and multi-functional and involve cross-sectoral aspects of life in society. Therefore, handling land problems cannot be seen from just one side, it must be comprehensive and integrated so that solutions can be resolved. In terms of community land registration, especially in Subang Regency, each agency related to land. This program is primarily concerned with issuing land certificates so that they can be fully functional and mobilized to take part in handling land issues in accordance with the scope of individual work. Coordination is carried out by the National Land Agency. This agency must have cooperation and a collaborative network with all related agencies and the need to handle strategic land issues, including land registration. This research uses normative juridical methods, with secondary data methods which are then analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results show that the determination of land registration, especially in Subang Regency, if seen from Law Number 5 of 1960, is basically as intended in Article 46 to Article 72 of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 3 of 1997 concerning Implementing Regulations of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. The sanctions given to land officials deviate from the legal provisions in registering land being handed over to the public. Even if there is evidence of a violation of fund allocation, it may be criminalized as an act of corruption.

Quantifying and Zoning Ecological Compensation for Cultivated Land in Intensive Agricultural Areas: A Case Study in Henan Province, China

Cultivated land ecological compensation (CLEC) is an important way to solve regional development imbalance and cultivated land problems, and the scientific quantification of the ecological value of cultivated land is the key to CLEC. This study quantified the total amount and urgency of CLEC in China’s main grain-producing region using the cropland ecological footprint (EF) and ecosystem service value (ESV) methods. Furthermore, this study analyzed the comprehensive zoning of CLEC considering natural and economic development. The results showed that the spatial distribution of EFs and the ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land in Henan Province are similar, presenting the spatial characteristics of being high in the southeast and low in the northwest; the cultivated land in most of the counties and districts is in a state of ecological surplus, and the cultivated land resources are sufficient to support their own consumption needs. Henan Province as a whole is an ecologically compensated region, with a compensation amount of CNY 1.39 billion, and the total amount of compensation is in a positive value of 94.94%. The Southwest Yu and North Yu economic zone of Henan are the areas of high and low values of cultivated land compensation. The priority compensation region is the most extensive and widely distributed type in the five regions of Henan Province, accounting for 55% of the counties and districts. The degree of compensation is most urgent in the Huanghuai, Southwest Yu, and North Yu economic zones. This study’s findings provide new ideas for the development of differentiated ecological compensation policies, and provide references for the participation of multiple market participants and the diversification of compensation forms.

STRATEGI KEBERHASILAN KEGIATAN REHABILITASI PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI KAPUAS DI KABUPATEN KAPUAS

In overcoming the problem of critical land and watershed degradation, the government has launched Forest and Land Rehabilitation activities, abbreviated as RHL, in an effort to restore, maintain and improve the function of forests and land to improve their their carrying capacity, productivity and role in maintaining life support systems (PP 26 of 2020 on Rehabilitation and Reclamation). The Kapuas watershed is no exception, which contains protected forests, especially in Mantangai District in Katunjung Village, Sei Ahas Village, and Katimpun Village, where the area consists of peat swamp forest. The aim of this research is to describe the research area, community involvement (participation) in the Kapuas watershed, namely in Katunjung Village, Sei Ahas Village, and Katimpun Village. Formulate a strategy for community involvement in the success of watershed rehabilitation. The results of the analysis show that for Katunjung Village the values of the application of the strategy in quadrant II is a diversification strategy, that is, even though there are outstanding challenges, there are internal strengths that can be developed into breakthroughs and optimized to overcome challenging factors that are also quite strong. Meanwhile, for Ketimpun village, the strategic position is in quadrant IV with the respective X and Y values being (X= -0.5; Y= -0.486). The strategy in quadrant IV is a defensive strategy. In this quadrant, the implementation of rehabilitation experiences enormous challenges with weaknesses that are also very influential, so it is necessary to overhaul existing strategies.

Advocacy and credibility of land tenure in Ethiopia: Mitigating conflicts and threats

Social inequality resulting from war, exploitation, and land property is very evident in Ethiopia, which has a significant influence on the economic, social, and political situation of various groups of people. As a result, the primary objective of this study was to assess the significance of the Credibility Thesis in resolving land conflicts via the Formal, Actual, and Targeted (FAT) Institutional Framework. Moreover, this study was conducted to identify the key features and the role of credibility analysis in mitigating land conflicts by employing the Credibility Scales and Intervention (CSI) Checklist. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive literature review including land tenure studies from 1979 to 2020 was conducted. This review used original databases to ensure a comprehensive and extensive exploration of relevant scientific works. The results showed that the land problem in Ethiopia is not only related to the dynamics of social change and inequality at different global, regional, national, and transnational levels, but also provides access to land resources, the foundations of authority, livelihood, property, and citizenship. Furthermore, the lack of land security for non-indigenous minorities contributes to substantial ambiguity for land rights. Therefore, measures to increase land security and transfer land tenure can have an important influence on productivity and should be prioritized by policymakers. These measures may include elements from active land certification initiatives, but they should also specify the legal credit of certifications issued in the system and how to execute them.

Pertumbuhan Ikan Komet (Carassius auratus) pada Sistem Vertiqua dengan Menggunakan Biofikal Filter

The growth of comet fish (Carassius auratus) in the vertiqua system using a biofical filter is motivated by limited land and water which can cause low water quality to affect the growth rate of fish. The utilization of technology needs to be done to overcome these problems and the technology used is vertiqua. Previous research showed that comet fish in the vertiqua system produced slow growth rates and had high ammonia levels. Therefore, vertiqua was modified in the filter section to become a biofical filter. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of comet fish growth in the vertiqua system using a biofical filter. The benefits of this research are that the vertiqua system using a biofical filter can be a solution to overcome the problem of limited land and water, become a support for system cultivation innovation, and become a reference for further research. This research method uses descriptive methods, observation and interviews. The comet fish used in the study were 3-4 cm in size. The results of this study indicate that the vertiqua system using a biofical filter is still not effective in supporting fish growth. The growth rate of comet fish in the vertiqua system is significantly different from that in the soil pond and the growth rate of comet fish in the vertiqua system is lower than that of comet fish in the soil pond. Ammonia value is relatively high from the quality standard (>0.05). However, this system is able to maintain good fish survival and good water quality, especially in temperature, pH, and DO.

Composite adaptive neural control for automatic carrier landing system with input saturation and output constraints

This paper investigates the automatic carrier landing control problem in the presence of model uncertainty, airwake disturbances, input saturation, and output constraints. Considering the performance requirements of the carrier-based aircraft, a composite adaptive neural controller is proposed based on the time-varying barrier Lyapunov function and backstepping control techniques. The radial basis function neural network is used to approximate the model uncertainty, where the neural network weight update law incorporating prediction and tracking errors further improves the convergence rate of the neural network and mitigates high-frequency oscillations. Furthermore, an adaptive disturbance compensation model is established to mitigate the adverse effects of airwake disturbances and estimation errors in the neural network. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proven that the proposed controller maintains the aircraft trajectory within the prescribed constraints and also ensures that all signals in the closed-loop control system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, comparative simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed composite adaptive neural control method.

The Evaluation of the Use PET and HDPE Plastic Waste as Coarse Aggregate of Lightweight Concrete

The use of goods with plastic-based materials is familiar to society in general. Good for wrapping food, drinks, groceries, and others. Because of so much use, the problem of plastic waste cannot be avoided. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to overcome environmental land problems due to plastic waste. This research focuses on how to apply PET (Poly-Ethylene Terephthalate) and HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic waste to concrete mixtures. PET plastic waste that has been chopped is then heated until melted then poured into molds and allowed to cool and harden. Then crushed and substituted as much as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% replace the coarse aggregate to improve the characteristics of concrete. The results showed that the use of PET and HDPE in concrete resulted in decreased fill weight, lighter concrete weight, reduced compressive strength, and gave an optimum value of tensile strength at a variation of 10%. The use of PET plastic has a greater absorption value than HDPE, while the tensile strength value of PET is smaller than HDPE. Overall, it is concluded that PET and HDPE plastics have a big role in reducing the problem of plastic waste in the community

A New Regime of Dispossession in Neo-Liberal India? Wind Energy, Hindutva, and Land Politics in Western Gujarat

Renewables in India are presented as modern technologies ensuring a pathway towards sustainable development and unlimited growth. But this story entails problematic land politics and the reconfiguration of space for resource frontiers’ expansion, local state formation, and ethno-religious authoritarian agendas: for the past 20 years, Kutch district of Gujarat state in Western India has experienced several waves of land liberalisation and industrialisation programmes, including wind power projects, but its proximity with Pakistan and the presence of Muslim pastoral populations on both sides of the border have also fostered Hindu nationalist movements since 1947. The development of wind energy projects in Western India follows traditional patterns of a regime of dispossession: a set of “inscription devices” assemble and disassemble land in a discursive, bureaucratic, and violent way and affix an official stamp of legality on damaging mechanisms of dispossession within a state-specific regime. But as wind projects move to borderland territories, their associated regime of dispossession aligns with long-term exclusive ethno-religious conceptions of space as Hindu. The unfolding land politics endorses the Bharatiya Janata Party’s electoral strategy to capture the remaining constituencies and co-opt minority leaders, while agents enforcing wind’s regime of dispossession see an opportunity to assert upper-caste Hindu supremacy.

Van Province During The Rule Of Governors Ismail Hagg And Izzet Bey (1911-1913)

The article presents the state of Armenians in Van province during the tenure of governors Ismail Hagg and Izzet Bey, in 1911-1913. After the dismissal of their previous governor, Bekir Sami Bey, from the autumn of 1910 to the beginning of 1911, the position of deputy governor of Van was temporarily entrusted to the former Chief Clerk (Devtertar) (position, which is also responsible for accountancy) of the province, who was replaced by Ismail Hagg Pasha in early 1911. However, soon Izzet Bey, who is of Kurdish origin, was appointed the new governor of Van province. In the study, with the help of relevant facts from the source, for the first time, the situation of Armenians in Van province during the rule of Ismail Hagg and Izzet governors was covered, the Armenian-Kurdish relations of Van province in this period were highlighted, the agreement signed between ARF and Ittihat on February 13, 1912 was presented - the pact by which the ruling party was obliged to fulfill its long-standing promises regarding the solution of Armenians’ land, school, security and other problems. The article also revealed the elections of the Ottoman Parliament held in Van on April 6-8, 1912 and the mayor’s elections held in Van in 1912.

IDENTIFIKASI LAHAN KRITIS SKALA 1:25.000 BERBASIS CITRA SENTINEL 2 DAN DEMNAS RESOLUSI 8 METER (STUDI KASUS SUB DAS CIKAPUNDUNG JAWA BARAT)

Critical land is a condition of land that is no longer able to carry out its functions properly because it has experienced physical, chemical, and biological damage. One area that has the potential to experience critical land problems is the Cikapundung Sub-watershed, West Java. This research aims to identify the existence of critical land in the Cikapundung Sub-watershed area by integrating the Geographic Information System, Sentinel-2 Imagery, and DEMNAS as well as mapping the distribution of land criticality levels in the Cikapundung Sub-watershed at a detailed scale (1:25,000). The research was carried out from May to August 2023. The research was carried out using spatial analysis methods by overlaying thematic maps of each critical land parameter consisting of maps of land cover, erosion, and slope. The results of overlaying all critical land parameter maps were then analyzed using a scoring method to classify the level of land criticality and create a critical land distribution map in the Cikapundung Sub-watershed area. The results of identifying critical land in the Cikapundung Sub-watershed area produced five classes of land criticality, namely uncritical, potentially critical, rather critical, critical, and very critical. The identification results show that there are 4210.94 ha (13.83%) of land identified as critical land in the Cikapundung Sub-watershed area. The results of mapping the level of land criticality in the Cikapundung Sub-watershed show that the Cikapundung Sub-watershed area which is included in the forest area is dominated by the moderately critical land criticality class, while the Cikapundung Sub-watershed area which is outside the forest area is dominated by the uncritical land criticality class.

Analisis Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Lampung Timur

This research highlights the issue of land rights as a fundamental issue in society. Implementation of Article 6 paragraph (1) of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2020 concerning Handling and Settlement of Land Cases at the East Lampung Regency Land Office is the main focus. The research uses normative and empirical juridical methods with secondary and primary data from literature and field studies as well as qualitative juridical analysis. The results of the research are that the implementation of these provisions has been carried out but has not been optimal. Factors inhibiting the implementation of these provisions are: internal factors, lack of understanding by employees at the East Lampung Regency Land Office regarding the stages of resolving land cases, lack of coordination between each section in the East Lampung Regency Land Office, and the absence of employees who have competence as Mediator. . Meanwhile, external factors include pressure from the community who want their land problems to be resolved immediately, lack of socialization of existing regulations to the community, and the types of cases and conditions in the field

THE GENESIS OF THE SUBJECTIVITY OF THE ALGORITHM FOR THE USE OF NATURAL OBJECTS OF THE PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE

The author points out the need for scientific research into the priority of legal subjectivity among all participants to land relations and the balanced use of natural objects of property rights of the Ukrainian people, including in the agricultural sector, which is considered to be a relevant and key factor in solving the existing problems of land monopoly and corruption in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to systematize and summarize the new knowledge of constitutional land pragmatism gained by the author to substantiate the legal priority of balanced use of natural objects as the main national wealth from the perspective of national interests. The author examines the conceptual, legislative, programmatic, organizational and other approaches to the implementation of the so-called land reform in Ukraine. The author reveals the variability of forms of ownership of land and its natural resources from the beginning of perestroika of the USSR to the present day, which have given rise to the existing “market land problems” in Ukraine on an unconstitutional basis. It is established that the newest innovative interests of ethnic Ukrainians, as well as all full-fledged citizens of Ukraine, especially now, are fully consistent with the constitutionally motivated imperatives of land relations and nature management. It is proved that the introduction of effective forms, methods and means of counteracting the current internal corrupt aggression is a crucial and urgent task. For the first time, the author outlines the invariant features inherent in the Ukrainian ethnos, which are in a state of life-giving humanity, space pioneering, innovative ingenuity, harmony of thinking and creative inspiration, genetically and spiritually passed on (manifested) through the subjectivity of generations of glorious ancestors of ethnic Ukrainians, their families, clans and families. The practical solution to the existing problems in land relations and nature management largely depends on the prompt implementation by the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the author’s scientifically based systemic measures of the “New Paradigm for the Implementation of Land Reform in Ukraine”.

Autonomous landing of a quadrotor on a moving platform using motion capture system

This paper investigates the challenging problem of the autonomous landing of a quadrotor on a moving platform in a non-cooperative environment. The limited sensing ability of quadrotors often hampers their utilization for autonomous landing, especially in GPS-denied areas. The performance of motion capture systems (MCSs) in many application areas is the motivation to utilize them for the autonomous take-off and landing of the quadrotor in this research. An autonomous closed-loop vision-based navigation, tracking, and control system is proposed for quadrotors to perform landing based upon Model Predictive Control (MPC) by utilizing multi-objective functions. The entire process is posed as a constrained tracking problem to minimize energy consumption and ensure smooth maneuvers. The proposed approach is fully autonomous from take-off to landing; whereas, the movements of the landing platform are pre-defined but still unknown to the quadrotor. The landing performance of the quadrotor is tested and evaluated for three different movement patterns: static, square-shaped, and circular-shaped. Through experimental results, the pose error between the quadrotor and the platform is measured and found to be less than 30 cm.