Probing Attachment Research Articles

One-pot electrografting preparation of bifunctionalized carbon nanotubes for sensitive electrochemical immunosensing

Carbon nanomaterials such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have received intense interest in the field of electrochemical biosensing due to their unique electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. In general, biomolecule conjugation and attachment of an electrochemical probe are two key elements for preparing an electrochemical sensor. The above tasks are often achieved by a step-by-step reaction due to different reaction conditions. However, because of the low reactivity of MWCNT, it is challenging to precisely control the amount of the two modifiers on the MWCNT surface with sequential reactions. Herein, we report a one-pot electrografting procedure based on free-radical polymerization to attach both an electrochemical probe and a biomolecular coupling agent on MWCNT in a highly controlled manner. The ratio of the two modifiers was facilely regulated to balance the electrochemical signal intensity and the biomolecule conjugation, which played an important role in enhancing sensor performance. By taking alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a model analyte, the immunosensor based on bifunctionalized MWCNT showed a wide linear range from 10 ng·mL−1 to 50 μg·mL−1, which could greatly meet the actual requirement for liver cancer diagnosis. This work provides a new avenue for the construction of electrochemical biosensors with enhanced signal amplification for the fields of biosensing and clinical diagnosis.

Effect of short-term vitamin D supplementation after nonsurgical periodontal treatment: A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation on the residual moderate and deep pockets following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Vitamin D supplementation has potential effects on periodontitis, but current evidence remains inconclusive. After 3months of nonsurgical periodontal treatment, 360 patients with moderate or severe periodontitis were randomly assigned to 2000 international unit (IU)/d vitamin D3, 1000IU/d vitamin D3, or placebo. Clinical periodontal examinations, including probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), plaque index (PLI), attachment loss (AL), and alveolar crest height (ACH), were performed at baseline and after 3months of intervention. There was a slight but significant decrease in AL and PD in both vitamin D groups compared with placebo group for moderate and deep pockets. About 2000IU/d vitamin D3 group, 1000IU/d vitamin D3 group, and placebo group all decreased the AL for both moderate pockets (-0.4mm vs -0.4mm vs -0.3mm) and deep pockets (-1.1mm vs -1.1mm vs -1.0mm) (all P<.05). Similarly, PD was also decreased in these three groups for both moderate pockets and deep pockets (all P<.05). In addition, vitamin D supplementation was well tolerated, and no adverse events were reported. Although statistically significant differences were observed in favor to vitamin D supplementation, the magnitude of effect size tended to be modest with limited clinical relevance and the long-term efficacy and safety warrant further investigation.

Could Vitamin D influence risk for Periodontal Disease - to "D" or not to "D"?

The purpose of this review is to discuss the literature on associations between vitamin D and periodontal disease, including its strengths and weaknesses. Future direction for continued work in this area is provided. Research in cross-sectional cohorts, surveys, and case-control studies provide support for a role of vitamin D in periodontal disease, especially using clinical indicators such as bleeding on probing and clinical attachment loss. However, these studies have a number of limitations. They cannot establish temporality of these associations. Most case-control studies have been limited in sample size and have inconsistent findings. A number of cross-sectional studies are restricted to select populations (e.g., persons with HIV, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis) limiting extrapolation of findings to the general aging population.Fewer prospective studies have been conducted, and only three have examined associations using a biomarker for vitamin D that reflects exposure from all its sources (sunlight, diet and supplements). One study is limited by using self-reported measures of disease outcomes, and only two used measures of alveolar crestal height. However, of the prospective studies published, there is a suggestion that vitamin D might prevent against tooth loss. Only two randomized controlled trials have examined these associations, and they support the effects of vitamin D supplementation on prevention of tooth loss and gingival bleeding. We strongly suggest that new research should focus on prospective study designs with followup of participants longer than a decade and long-term clinical trials. Such studies should incorporate measures of alveolar bone loss and tooth loss with indication for reason for tooth loss. Such clinical trials should be designed to examine both the influence of vitamin D supplementation alone as well as with other nutrients (e.g., calcium) or therapeutic medications (e.g., bisphosphonates). Currently, there is no strong evidence to suggest that vitamin D protects against development of periodontal disease.

Periodontal Behavior Around Teeth Prepared with Finishing Line for Restoration with Fixed Prostheses. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the periodontal behavior around teeth prepared with horizontal finishing crowns supporting fixed metal-ceramic and zirconia full coverage crowns and fixed partial dentures (FDPs). Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted to locate relevant clinical trials in four databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus. A manual search was made in the reference sections of the articles identified for any additional articles. No restrictions were applied regarding year of publication or language. The following variables were considered in quantitative and qualitative analysis: probing pocket depth (PPD); probing attachment level (PAL); plaque control record (PCR); bleeding on probing (BOP); and gingival margin migration. Results: Twenty articles were selected for qualitative synthesis, and of these, nine underwent meta-analysis. Higher PCR was found in control teeth, while BOP, PPD, and PAL were higher around teeth prepared with horizontal finishing lines supporting complete coverage crowns/FDPs Gingival migration results were the clearest manifestation of compromised periodontal health around teeth prepared with horizontal finishing lines. Conclusions: Meta-analysis revealed that teeth prepared with horizontal finishing lines supporting crowns and FDPs present more periodontal disorders than untreated control teeth.

Effect of fenugreek consumption with metformin treatment in improving plaque index in diabetic patients

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of metformin and fenugreek seed powder as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) with the effect achieved using SRP and metformin alone by assessing their respective effects on periodontal parameters, glycemic status, and inflammatory marker. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients were included in this study who were further divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 40 patients. Group 1 patients included chronic periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), who received SRP and treatment with metformin. Group 2 patients included chronic periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 DM, who received SRP, metformin plus fenugreek powder. Periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels were evaluated at baseline and 1 month after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Blood samples were also collected to assess the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) at baseline and after 1 month of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results: On intragroup comparison of clinical parameters at baseline and after treatment, a statistically significant reduction was observed for both Group 1 and Group 2 patients. When intergroup comparison was done after treatment, significant reduction was observed only for PI (P

Association between periodontitis and serum c-reactive protein levels.

BackgroundPeriodontal disease may be associated with more bacteria and consequent induction of a systemic inflammatory process, with changes in the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and serum levels of C-reactive protein. Material and MethodsThe sample comprised 100 individuals distributed into two groups according to serum levels of C-reactive protein: normal or altered. Social, biological and behavioral data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire. Additionally, a blood test was requested to measure C-reactive protein levels. CRP values less than 3 mg/l were considered normal. Periodontal clinical examination was conducted in each participant for analysis of probing depth, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment level. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results were provided in odds ratio, confidence intervals and p values. ResultsIndividuals with altered C-reactive protein levels showed a higher prevalence of periodontitis than individuals with normal C-reactive protein levels (p=0.008). In the final logistic regression model, individuals with periodontitis were more likely to present altered C-reactive protein than individuals without periodontitis (OR=3.27, CI=1.42-7.52, p=0.005). ConclusionsThe alteration of the C-reactive protein levels among individuals with a higher prevalence of periodontitis corroborates clinical evidence that periodontal infection has a systemic impact. Key words:C-reactive protein, cytokines, periodontal diseases, periodontitis.

Atomic Absorption Control of Ultimate Allowable Concentration of Elements in Meat Products without Sample Dissolution

In order to control the maximum levels of As, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Sn in meat products, it is proposed to transfer them to a suspension of 140 mg/mL and use an atomic absorption spectrometer with a graphite furnace, equipped with a probe attachment for a two-stage atomization of the suspension. The working linear range covers 0.2–9 ultimate allowable concentrations. The error is smaller by factors of 2 to 3 than that of the methods with sample dissolution, and it saves at least 12 h in time.

Correlation between cigarette smoking and periodontal status: A survey on the population of a community above 35-year-old in Beijing

To survey the cigarette smoking status and periodontal status, and to study the correlation between cigarette smoking and periodontal status. Questionnaires were distributed (including self-assessed periodontal status, such as bleeding while brushing teeth, oral odor, tooth loosening, gum swelling, etc.) and clinical periodontal examinations performed for parameters including probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), attachment loss (AL), plaque index (PLI) and amount of teeth loss, which was recorded in the population above 35 years of a community in Beijing. A total of 974 subjects were recruited in the study. The population was divided into current smokers and non-smokers, and the differences of self-assessed periodontal status and periodontal parameters between the groups analyzed. The smokers had significantly less bleeding during toothbrushing, and in the meantime, had significantly more self-reported tooth loosening compared with the non-smokers. The smokers brushed their teeth less than the non-smokers (P<0.05). The self-reported gum swelling and oral odor had no significant difference between the smokers and non-smokers. The smokers had 0.565 times and 1.572 times the risk of bleeding during toothbrushing, self-reported tooth loosening and from Logistic regression analyses, respectively (P<0.05). The mean PD, AL, PLI and the amount of tooth loss of the smokers were significant higher than the non-smokers (P<0.05). However, the mean BI of the smokers was slightly less than the non-smokers' (1.93±0.540 vs. 1.94±0.512, P=0.707). The smokers had 2.129 times, 1.698 times and 1.933 times the risk of the mean PD>3 mm, the mean AL>3 mm, and the amount of tooth loss above 8, respectively compared with the non-smokers (P<0.05) from Logistic regression analyses. The self-assessed periodontal status is different between smokers and non-smokers in the population of a community in Beijing. Smokers have less bleeding during toothbrushing but no significant difference with BI. Smokers also have more self-reported tooth loosening. Compared with non-smokers, smokers have more severe periodontal destruction.

Glutathione-responsive multifunctionalizable hydrogels via amine-epoxy “click” chemistry

A novel glutathione-responsive hydrogel was synthesized through catalyst-free epoxy-amine ‘click’ chemistry using PEG-diamine and a redox-responsive diepoxy crosslinker. The chain length of PEG-diamine component was varied to modulate the physical characteristics of thus obtained hydrogels. Hydrogels exhibited degradation upon treatment with glutathione, as evident through visually apparanet gel disolution and rheological measurements. The unreacted epoxy and newly formed hydroxyl groups post-gelation were used as reactive handles to functionalize the hydrogels, as demonstrated through attachment of different fluorescent probes. Finally, it was also established that these hydrogels provide an efficient platform for ligand-directed biomolecular immobilization through anchoring of a fluorescently labelled protein onto the hydrogels.

New Local Drug Delivery with Antibiotic in the Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontitis—Pilot Study

Combination of the classical subgingival instrumentation (scaling and root planing procedure, SRP) with an antibiotic administered to periodontal pockets in a suitable medium is a promising alternative protocol of nonsurgical periodontal treatment. It enables obtaining the long-term minimum drug concentration inhibiting the development of periopathogens. Objectives: Clinical and microbiological evaluation of periodontal pockets two months after single application of a gel containing piperacillin and tazobactam (Gelcide)® in relation to the nonsurgical treatment procedure (SRP). Materials and methods: Ten patients aged 24–56 years (mean 39.5) with chronic periodontitis, nonsmokers with acceptable oral hygiene and no classical exclusion criteria were qualified for treatment. In the maxilla area, SRP was performed and the assessed gel was inserted to two randomly selected adjacent periodontal pockets. Clinical evaluation included the assessment of bleeding on probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at six measurement points. A microbiological examination with the use of PET deluxe diagnostic kit in the drug-administered pockets and symmetrically in two pockets on the other side of the dental arch was performed. The examination was conducted before the treatment and two months later. Results: Two months after the treatment, a significant improvement in all analyzed clinical parameters was observed. However, the extent of this improvement did not differ significantly between the compared treatment methods. No statistically significant differences were found in the number of bacteria before and after the treatment, except for a significant decrease in the number of Micromonas micros (2957 vs. 589, p = 0.028) and a higher number of the green complex bacteria Capnocytophaga gingivalis (5439 vs. 2050, p = 0.041) after antibiotic had been used. Conclusion: No significant clinical and microbiological differences were found after additional administration of gel with piperacillin and tazobactam in relation to SRP in the preliminary study.

Clinical efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing lozenges in the supportive therapy of generalized periodontitis stage III and IV, grade C: 1-year results of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.

The aim of this 12-month mono-centre double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing lozenges during the supportive therapy of generalized periodontitis stage III and IV, grade C (GPIII-IVC) patients. Twenty treated GPIII-IVC patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The test group received two 3-month-long administrations of L. reuteri (2 lozenges/day after brushing) with a 3-month washout period, while the control one received a placebo. Outcome measures were tooth survival, complications and adverse events, change in probing pockets depth (PPD), change in probing attachment level (PAL), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP) and patient's evaluation of treatment. Measurements were collected at 3, 6, 9 and 12months. At 1year, no dropout, tooth loss, complications or adverse event were recorded. Mean PPD and mean PAL and percentages of sites with BOP were statistically improved (p < 0.05) compared with baseline in both groups, while more PPD reduction at all time points (p < 0.05) and more PAL gain at 6months and more BOP reduction at 6 and 9months were found in the probiotic group (p < 0.05). Within the limitation of the study, the use of L. reuteri probiotics lozenges improved some clinical outcomes in treated GPIII-IVC patients during maintenance therapy. Studies with a larger number of patients are needed to confirm these data. The use of L. reuteri probiotic lozenges could be considered as an adjunct in the maintenance therapy of GPIII-IVC patients.

SFRP2 promotes stem cells from apical papilla-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration in miniature pig.

Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy is a reliable treatment for periodontal tissue regeneration, while ideal regeneration rate is still a facing problem. In previous study, we found SFRP2 a promising gene in modulating mesenchymal stem cells potential. We further investigated its role on periodontal tissue regeneration. We created periodontitis model in miniature pigs and locally injected with stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP). The periodontitis models were classed into three groups, SFRP2-SCAP group (injected with SCAP overexpressing with SFRP2), SCAP group (injected with SCAP transduced with vector backbone) and saline group (vehicle group injected with saline). Clinical assignment, CT scanning, histopathological assessment and quantitative analysis were applied to evaluate the regeneration effect. Twelve weeks after the injection, we found healthier gingival status in SFRP2-SCAP group than the other two groups. Clinical assignment results showed values of probing depth, gingival recession and attachment loss were improved in SFRP2-SCAP group than that of SCAP group and saline group. The volume of newborn bone was also enhanced in SFRP2-SCAP group than SCAP group and saline group. The difference of clinical assignments and newborn bone between each group was significant relevant. HE staining demonstrated increased tissue regeneration in SFRP2-SCAP group than SCAP group and saline group. Our findings revealed that SFRP2 could enhance SCAP-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration and provide a potential target for improving the regeneration of periodontal tissue.

Reflective spectroscopy investigations of clothing items to support law enforcement, search and rescue, and war crime investigations

Clothing articles are important pieces of evidence in criminal, search and rescue, and search and recovery investigations. Hyperspectral remote sensing of clothing will be an important tool for supporting such investigations in the near future. This study investigated over 300 items of clothing that varied in fabric type, texture, color, and pattern. Clothing items were analyzed using an ASD FieldSpec 4 High Resolution spectroradiometer with a contact probe attachment. Of the clothing items analyzed, there were 141 having endmember fabrics (100% single fabric type composition): 89 were cotton, 39 were polyester, 5 were wool, 1 was cashmere, 3 were acrylic, 1 was leather, and 3 were rayon. The remaining 164 clothing items were various fabric blends. Spectral features relating to different fabric types exhibit sufficient differences that allow them to be discriminated from the surrounding environment, as well as from one another in many, but not all, cases. Cotton and polyester, in particular, two of the most widely-used fabrics, exhibit numerous features in the near infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) that would allow them to easily be distinguished from geologic materials in the environment such as rocks and soil. Plant based fibers, especially cotton, possess similar reflectance features to vegetation owing to their cellulose content. Outdoor aging experiments were conducted for 19 weeks on selected fabrics. Although significant changes were observed in aged garments, the variability observed in the reflectance of the aged garments does not support the derivation of a metric for aging, at least over the relatively short time scale of this effort. Results from this study should support numerous forensic efforts globally for non-destructive investigation of clothing items in the field and in lab settings with a spectroradiometer, enhance the potential for remote sensing searches, and in the future, potentially documenting crime scenes with hyperspectral imaging.

Post-surgical flap placement following osseous surgery: A short-term clinical evaluation.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between immediate post-surgical flap position and subsequent probing depth measurements following osseous surgery. Twenty-four patients treatment planned for osseous surgery after completion of initial therapy and re-evaluation were enrolled. Pressure molded stents were fabricated to serve as a reference for probing depth and relative attachment level measurements prior to surgery. After osseous recontouring was completed, flaps were sutured and compressed, and bone sounding measurements were made as designated by the stent. Patients returned at 3- and 6 months for repeat measurements of probing depth and attachment level. Twenty-four patients completed surgical treatment and follow-up measurements with a total of 402 treated sites. A statistically significant moderate correlation between immediate post-surgical bone sounding measurements and subsequent probing depth was found at 6 months (R=0.56, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between this correlation at 3 and 6 months. The probability of having 6 month probing depth ≤3mm was 93.5% when the surgical flap was placed within 3mm of the alveolar crest (286/306 sites) as opposed to 50% when the surgical flap was >3mm away from the alveolar crest (48/96 sites). Interproximal sites were significantly more likely (P <0.01) to have probing depths>3mm at 3 and 6 months. Results suggest a statistically significant relationship between immediate post-surgical flap placement and subsequent probing depths. Positioning the surgical flap more closely to the alveolar crest when performing osseous surgery resulted in shallower probing depths at 3 and 6 months.

Supportive periodontal therapy in moderate-to-severe periodontitis patients: A two-year randomized clinical trial.

Evaluate supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) consisting of oral prophylaxis with oral hygiene instructions as sole intervention (test) or combined with subgingival instrumentation removing/disrupting the subgingival biofilm (control). Sixty-two treated periodontitis patients (50.97±9.26years, 24 smokers) were randomly assigned to receive, every 3months during 2years, either test or control treatment. Examination included periodontal probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Generalized estimating equations were used for analyses. Baseline demographics and smoking were similar between groups. However, at baseline, mean PPD was greater in test group than in control group (2.32mm vs. 2.17mm, p=.03), but similar after 2years (2.23mm vs. 2.15mm, respectively). With time, significant PPD and BOP decrease and CAL increase were observed although without significant differences between groups. At sites≥5mm, PPD decrease was greater in test group than in control group irrespective of sex and smoking habit (p=.034). The distribution of sites gaining or losing attachment ±2mm was similar between groups. Oral prophylaxis with oral hygiene instructions alone or in combination with subgingival instrumentation was able to maintain the previously obtained periodontal condition to a comparable extent during 2years of SPT.

Performance of zirconia implants.

Design A prospective, controlled clinical study, conducted at least in part in practice, to compare approximal plaque index (API), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), probing attachment level (PAL), creeping or recession of the mucosa/gingiva (CR/REC) and pink esthetic (PE) scores between Z-look 3 Implant System dental implants (Z-Systems, Oensingen, Switzerland) and adjacent natural teeth as controls over a mean follow-up period of 7.8 years (range: 6.1-9.7 years). The peri-implant marginal bone levels (MBL) at implant placement and follow-up visits were determined by panoramic radiography and recorded for comparison.Microbial contamination of the implants and control teeth was investigated using Paro Check 20 (Greiner Bio-one, Frickenhausen, Germany; Institute for Mikro-ecology, Herborn-Horbach, Germany). A validated questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction provided data to complement the clinical findings. The study, which lacks a clearly stated hypothesis, was approved by the ethics committee of the University Hospital in Frankfurt, Germany (No. 118/08).Sample selection Thirty-eight 'healthy' adult, partially edentulous patients (15 females, 13 males) with a mean age of 63.5 years (range: 39-80 years of age) were included in the study. A total of 106 zirconia implants were placed in these patients. No details of power calculations or inclusion/exclusion criteria are provided other than 'healthy' and partially edentulous.Data analysis SPSS for Windows statistical software was used for data analysis. The Gaussian distribution was analysed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. As most of the data was 'non-normally' distributed, non-parametric tests were applied. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used for comparison of the API, SBI, PPD, PAL, CR/REC and microbial data. The analyses could be considered appropriate for the intended purpose.Results The findings presented pertain to 83 implants (38 maxillary and 45 mandibular) and 570 control teeth in 28 patients who remained in the study. The 26% attrition in patients and 22% attrition in implants available for investigation was attributed to 'decease and relocation'. Such attrition was presumably anticipated and factored into power calculations given the mean age of the patients being 63.5 years at the beginning of the study. A survival rate of 100% is reported with 'no major complications' despite 'biological impairment' having been observed in one patient, resulting in increased bone resorption, PPDs and recession/attachment loss affecting both implants and control teeth. The zirconia implants had a statistically significant lower plaque accumulation (P <0.01) compared to control teeth, whereas peri-implant PPDs were significantly higher around the implants (P <0.01). It is reported that the data presented 'underlines the tissue-friendly properties of zirconia implants'. The mean peri-implant bone resorption (1.2 mm) associated with the implants was interpreted as moderate 'without indication for a growing peri-implantitis'. The microbial analysis 'revealed no statistically significance difference in the total number of bacteria within the peri-implant sulcus when compared to corresponding regions of the CT' (control teeth)'. Several bacteria in the 'red complex', considered to play a vital role in the development of periodontitis, were detected in significantly higher numbers around zirconia implants when compared to control teeth. The results presented are difficult to put into context not knowing how the zirconia implants were restored and loaded in function, and in the absence of information on the maintenance regimes followed by the patients. It would certainly appear that the patients had good oral health both at the outset and throughout the duration of the study.Conclusion Given the limitations of the study and its reporting, it is suggested in the conclusion that 'the superiority of zirconia implants regarding plaque affinity and soft-tissue compatibility could be proven' is not fully supported. Similarly, the conclusion that 'the findings of the present prospective study could prove the ability of zirconia implants to replace missing teeth with maintenance of peri-implant hard- and soft-tissue health' is not considered to be fully supported. That said, the study does demonstrate that in selected patients, assumed to have and to maintain good oral health, zirconia implants of the type investigated may be found to have good clinical performance, assuming the implants investigated were all restored at an appropriate time following placement and were in function throughout the duration of the study.

Discomfort/pain due to periodontal and peri-implant probing with/without platform switching.

To compare discomfort/pain following periodontal probing around teeth and peri-implant probing around implants with or without platform switching. Two dentists recruited and examined 65 patients, each of them exhibiting a dental implant with a contralateral tooth. Only two types of implants were included: one with and one without platform switching. Periodontal and peri-implant probing depths (PPD) and probing attachment level (PAL) were assessed. Whether implant or tooth was measured first was randomly assigned. Immediately after probing, patients scored discomfort/pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The emergence profiles of implant crowns were assessed as angles between interproximal surfaces on radiographs. Sixty-five patients (age 69; 63/76years [median; lower/upper quartile]; 38 females, 11 smokers) were examined. With the exception of mean PPD and PAL (p<.05) clinical parameters (PPD, PAL, bleeding on probing, suppuration) were well balanced between implants and teeth. Peri-implant probing (VAS: 10; 0.75/16.25) caused significantly (p<.001) more discomfort/pain than periodontal probing (4; 0/10). Logistic regression analysis identified a larger difference between discomfort/pain for peri-implant and periodontal probing in the maxilla than the mandible (p=.003). Comparing discomfort/pain between implants maxilla (p=.006) and emergence profile (p=.015) were associated with discomfort/pain. Type of implant (with/without platform switching) had no significant effect on discomfort/pain. Peri-implant probing caused significantly more discomfort/pain than periodontal probing. Implant design with/without platform switching failed to have a significant effect on discomfort/pain.

Evaluation of the effects of different forms of periodontal diseases on quality of life with OHIP-14 and SF-36 questionnaires: A cross-sectional study.

To investigate the effect of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP), generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and gingivitis (G) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) with Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires. One hundred GAP patients, 114 GCP and 109 G patients were included in the study. Age, gender, number of missing teeth, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) of patients were recorded. The Turkish versions of OHIP-14 and SF-36 questionnaires were filled before any medication and dental treatment were approved. The one-way ANOVA test was used to compare three groups. Generalized aggressive periodontitis and GCP groups were similar to each other (P>0.05) in most subscales except functional limitation and social disability of the OHIP-14 questionnaire (P=0.034 and P=0.018, respectively); conversely, there was no statistically difference between GAP and G groups in functional limitation and social disability subscales (P=0.856 and P=0.242, respectively). GAP group gave higher scores than GCP group in all subscales of SF-36 (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between OHIP-14 and SF-36 subscale scores in all groups. Study findings indicate that different forms of periodontal disease have different effects on quality of life of patients when measured by OHIP-14 and SF-36. Patients with GCP and GAP had poorer OHRQoL than G patients.

Efficacy of adjunctive Er,Cr:YSGG laser application to scaling and root planing in periodontal maintenance patients with residual periodontal pockets

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using Er,Cr:YSGG laser in an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP + Er,Cr:YSGG) in periodontal maintenance patients with residual periodontal pockets. This study is a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial and a split-mouth design. Fifteen periodontal maintenance patients with two single-rooted teeth with probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm in two different quadrants were randomly assigned to scaling and root planing (SRP) as a control group or SRP + Er,Cr:YSGG as test group. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, relative probing attachment level (RPAL), and relative gingival recession (RGR) were evaluated at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after treatment by one calibrated examiner. At 6 months after treatment, PDs were statistically significantly reduced in both SRP (0.9 ± 0.6 mm) and SRP + Er,Cr:YSGG (1.1 ± 0.7 mm) compared with pretreatment PD (p < 0.05). Only SRP + Er,Cr:YSGG demonstrated statistically significant probing attachment level (PAL) gained at 6 months after treatment (0.8 ± 0.6 mm; p < 0.05). Gingival recession (GR) statistically significantly increased in SRP + Er,Cr:YSGG 3 months after the treatment (0.5 ± 0.5 mm; p < 0.05). Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 treatment modalities regarding PD reduction, PAL gain, or GR at 6 months after treatment. Only SRP + Er,Cr:YSGG demonstrated statistically significant PAL gained at 6 months after treatment (0.8 ± 0.6 mm; p < 0.05); however, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 treatment modalities regarding PD reduction, PAL gain, or GR at 6 months after treatment in maintenance patients with residual periodontal pockets.

Association between Pathogens and Periodontal Status of Chinese Women during Pregnancy and within One Year after Delivery

Non-stimulated whole saliva samples were collected from a total of 84 pregnant women (including 29 during the first trimester, 29 in the second trimester, 26 at the end of pregnancy), 33 postpartum women, who were chosen randomly. The plaque index (PlI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and attachment lost (AL) were recorded. Periodontal microorganisms including porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), prevotella intermedia (Pi), prevotella nigrescens (Pn) were detected by using 16S rRNA based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.