Probing Attachment Research Articles

Impedimetric biosensor based on bimetallic AgPt nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes as highly conductive film surface

In the present study, an ultrasensitive impedimetric aptasensor for the quantitative detection of diclofenac (DCF) was fabricated based on a novel signal amplification strategy. As a transducer material, acid-oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH) and Pt and Ag nanoparticles (PtAgNPs) were used for promoting electron transfer between the electroactive probe and electrode. It is worth noting that the proposed nanocomposite revealed significant properties through the synergistic effects of the nanocomponent materials. In this strategy, aminated capture probe (ssDNA1) and DCF aptamer (ssDNA2) as a detection probe were attached at the surface of a modified electrode via the formation of covalent amide bond and hybridization, respectively. The proposed nanoaptasensor combined the advantages of the deposition of neatly arranged PtAgNPs and the covalent attachment of the capture probe at the surface of the modified electrode. The change of interfacial charge transfer resistance (R ct ) recorded by [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as a redox probe was monitored for sensitive quantitative detection of DCF. Addition of DCF resulted in the increase of the value of R ct due to suppression of the electron exchange between [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− in the surface layer. Under optimized conditions, the proposed aptasensor showed good detection range from 10 pM to 800 nM with unprecedented detection limit of 2.8 pM. More importantly, the developed strategy showed highly sensitive responses to DCF, responses that are more sensitive than those of previously reported methods.

Diet-Induced Overweight and Obesity and Periodontitis Risk: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort.

We aimed to estimate hypothetical effects of habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, and fat and carbohydrates consumption) combined with diet-induced overweight/obesity on the risk of periodontitis. The risk of any periodontitis, moderate/severe periodontitis, and the combination of bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was estimated using the parametric g-formula in adults aged 31 years from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Brazil. Individuals in this cohort have been followed since birth. Hypothetical conditions were set independently for each risk factor and in combination for the entire population. A total of 539 participants had oral examinations in 2013. The cumulative 31-year risk under no intervention was 33.3% for any periodontitis, 14.3%, for moderate/severe periodontitis, and 14.7%, for BOP and CAL. According to our statistical approach, diet-induced overweight/obesity increased the risk of all outcomes: 11% (overweight) and 22% (obesity) higher risk of periodontitis; 12% (overweight) and 27% (obesity) higher risk of moderate/severe periodontitis; 21% (overweight) and 57% (obesity) higher risk of CAL and BOP. When overweight/obesity was combined with other unhealthy habits, the risk was even greater. Our findings suggest that the combination of diet-induced obesity with other risk factors may increase the risk of periodontitis. Further research in the field is required to corroborate our study.

The effect of supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal treatment : A 1-year follow up.

Purpose : Preservation of the periodontal health of the treated patient requires supportive periodontal therapy for the elimination of periodontal disease. After Phase I therapy is completed, patients are placed on a schedule of periodic recall visits for maintenance care to prevent recurrence of the disease. The amount of tooth loss would be the most relevant criterion in an evaluation of the effect of periodontal treatment, but this would require studies with extremely long follow-up periods. Thus the most commonly used outcome criteria in clinical research have been clinical attachment level change, reduction of pocket depth and bleeding frequency. The purpose of this case study is to identify the effect of supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal flap surgery. Materials & Methods : Following routine hygienic phase of treatment, patients with chronic periodontitis received surgical periodontal treatment. Bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline, pre-operation and 1 year follow up. All procedures were performed by one operator. Results : One year a total of 28 patients (58sites) to recheck remained, when conducted maintenance program after periodontal flap surgery was observed reduction of bleeding frequency, pocket depth and improvement of clinical attachment level. Conclusion : The results from this study indicate that supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal flap surgery is effective for reduction of bleeding frequency, pocket depth and gain of clinical attachment level.

Japanese workers with long leisure time have deteriorated periodontal condition: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe relationship between length of leisure time and periodontal condition is unknown. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to clarify the association between leisure time and periodontal states. MethodsThis study was conducted on a cross-sectional sample of male (n=68) and female (n=30) Japanese healthy workers aged between 22 and 75 years. Periodontal states, including probing pocket depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing and serum antibody level for periodontal bacteria, and self-reported work conditions were assessed. ResultsSubjects with long leisure times on a weekday showed increased probing pocket depth and attachment loss compared to subjects with shorter free times. The serum antibody level of a major periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, was higher in the long leisure group than in the short time group. ConclusionsSubjects with long leisure time showed aggregated periodontal condition consistent with increased serum antibody against periodontal bacteria compared to subjects with short free time.

Improved Performance of DNA Microarray Multiplex Hybridization Using Probes Anchored at Several Points by Thiol-Ene or Thiol-Yne Coupling Chemistry.

Nucleic acid microarray-based assay technology has shown lacks in reproducibility, reliability, and analytical sensitivity. Here, a new strategy of probe attachment modes for silicon-based materials is built up. Thus, hybridization ability is enhanced by combining thiol-ene or thiol-yne click chemistry reactions with a multipoint attachment of polythiolated probes. The viability and performance of this approach was demonstrated by specifically determining Salmonella PCR products up to a 20 pM sensitivity level.

PEGylated Polyaniline Nanofibers: Antifouling and Conducting Biomaterial for Electrochemical DNA Sensing.

Biofouling arising from nonspecific adsorption is a substantial outstanding challenge in diagnostics and disease monitoring, and antifouling sensing interfaces capable of reducing the nonspecific adsorption of proteins from biological complex samples are highly desirable. We present herein the preparation of novel composite nanofibers through the grafting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer onto polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers and their application in the development of antifouling electrochemical biosensors. The PEGylated PANI (PANI/PEG) nanofibers possessed large surface area and remained conductive and at the same time demonstrated excellent antifouling performances in single protein solutions as well as complex human serum samples. Sensitive and low fouling electrochemical biosensors for the breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1) can be easily fabricated through the attachment of DNA probes to the PANI/PEG nanofibers. The biosensor showed a very high sensitivity to target BRCA1 with a linear range from 0.01 pM to 1 nM and was also efficient enough to detect DNA mismatches with satisfactory selectivity. Moreover, the DNA biosensor based on the PEGylated PANI nanofibers supported the quantification of BRCA1 in complex human serum, indicating great potential of this novel biomaterial for application in biosensors and bioelectronics.

One-stage Full Mouth Disinfection Using 20% Propolis Hydroalcoholic Solution: A Clinico-microbiologic Study.

Background:Propolis is a resinous substance produced by honeybees which has many therapeutic properties because of its unique composition. It has been widely used since many years for different medicinal purposes.Aim:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one-stage full mouth disinfection (OSFMD) using 20% propolis hydroalcoholic solution in chronic periodontitis patients.Materials and Methods:Thirty patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and presenting three or more nonadjacent teeth with deep pockets were selected for the study. Clinical parameters including gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline in all the patients followed by subgingival plaque sampling. All the thirty patients were randomly allocated into two groups; 15 patients (control group) were subjected to scaling and root planning (SRP) alone, and in remaining 15 patients (test group), SRP was done followed by OSFMD using 20% propolis hydroalcoholic solution after 24 h. All the patients were kept at periodic recall, and clinical and microbiological parameters were again taken at 4 weeks and 12 weeks.Results:There was a significant improvement for all the clinical parameters, with higher probing depth reduction and attachment gain in the test group when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the microbiological counts of the periodontopathogens were found to decrease considerably more in the test group.Conclusion:SRP followed by OSFMD with propolis extract after 24 h was more effective than SRP alone in chronic periodontitis patients.

Evaluation of Micronutrient (Zinc, Magnesium, and Copper) Levels in Serum and Glycemic Status after Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Chronic Periodontitis.

Aims and Objectives:To find out the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on serum zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) concentration and glycemic status in type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis (CP).Materials and Methods:One hundred and twenty patients were included in this study, which was further divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of forty patients with CP, Group 2 consisted of forty patients of CP with controlled diabetes, and Group 3 consisted of forty patients of CP with uncontrolled diabetes. Periodontal parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels (CALs) were evaluated. Blood samples were collected to assess the levels of fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, Zn, Mg, and Cu. All parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.Results:The results showed statistically significant reduction in all the clinical parameters within the groups except for the CAL in group 1 patients (P = 0.05). The glycemic status also showed a statistically significant reduction after treatment (P < 0.001). The intragroup comparison was taken between the values of micronutrients, showed substantial increase in the levels of both Zn and Mg and decrease in the level of Cu after nonsurgical periodontal treatment (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Patients with diabetes and periodontitis had altered metabolism of Zn, Mg, and Cu contributing to the progression and complication of diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment improved the variation and concentration of plasma micronutrients and also the periodontal status and glycemic level.

Oral hygiene and periodontal health status among khat chewers. A case-control study.

BackgroundHabitual khat chewing is a widespread male habit in Southern Arabia and East Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Khat chewing on oral hygiene and periodontal health status among Yemeni male khat chewers.Material and MethodsThis case- control study included 310 khat chewers, aged 20-65 years, and 72 age- and gender- matched non-chewers as controls. Periodontal examination included recording of dental plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), attachment level (AL) and gingival recession (GR). Demographic data, oral hygiene practices, and duration, frequency and site of khat chewing were obtained using questionnaires. SPSS was used for data analysis. ANOVA and t- tests were used to compare groups.ResultsKhat chewers had significantly higher mean PI, AL, GR scores than non-chewers (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences in the GI and PPD mean scores were observed between both groups (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the results showed that the chewing side had less PI, GI and PPD than non-chewing side. However, gingival recession was significantly higher in the chewing side. The duration of chewing showed a significant effect on PI, PPD, AL, and GR but had no effect on the gingival condition. Likewise, the frequency of chewing showed a significant effect on PPD, AL, and GR, but had no effect on other indices (PI and GI).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that khat chewing have a detrimental effect on the periodontium. Key words:Khat chewing, periodontal health, oral hygiene.

Comparative Evaluation of Crestal Bone Changes after Delayed and Immediate Implant Placement

Implants serve as a foundation for prosthetic support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare buccolingual and interproximal crestal bone changes after delayed and immediate platform switched, acid etched implant (SLA), without the use of graft or barrier membrane clinically as well as radio graphically. Method: 14 implants were included in study and clinical and radiographic parameters i.e. buccolingual bone width (BLW), interproximal crestal bone height (CBH), Keratinized mucosa index score (KMI), Jemt papilla fill index score (PFI), probing attachment levels (PAL) were analyzed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months in immediate and delayed implant group (A,B). Results: It was observed that mean change in BLW, CBH, PFI, PAL from baseline to 6 months for Group A and Group B was 3.42 ± 0.97 mm and 3.57 ± 0.97 mm, -0.30 ± 0.04 mm and -0.38 ± 0.06 mm, -1.42 ± 0.53 and -1.14 ± 0.37 and-0.78 ± 0.26 mm and -0.64 ± 0.37 mm respectively which was statistically significant in both the groups. There was no change in KMI scores observed at 3, 6 months of observation period in both the groups. On comparing both the groups there was no significant difference between immediate and delayed implant placement with respect to all parameters recorded in the study. Conclusion: There was observed significant differences when mean change from baseline to 6 months was compared but there existed a non-significant difference in crestal bone changes observed in immediate and delayed groups.

Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on saliva and serum levels of markers of oxidative stress.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on markers of oxidative stress in saliva and serum in patients with chronic periodontitis. In total, 25 patients, who were diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis (11 females and 14 males), and 26 systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (15 females and 11 males) were included. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), attachment loss (AL), gingival recession (GR), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and 6weeks later. Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) were assessed in saliva and serum samples before and after the non-surgical treatment by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). In the group with chronic periodontitis, all clinical parameters were significantly higher compared to the control group at baseline (p<0.001). Periodontal treatment reduced plaque, gingival inflammation, and pocket depth significantly (p<0.001). At baseline, salivary 8-OHdG was significantly higher in chronic periodontitis (p<0.001) and reduced significantly subsequent to the periodontal treatment (p<0.001). Salivary MDA and serum 4-HNE were significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis compared to the control group (p<0.001). Periodontal treatment did not significantly change the levels of 4-HNE and salivary MDA (p=0.503, p=0.093). Salivary 8-OHdG and MDA may be associated with local impact of periodontal disease, while 4-HNE may be associated with systemic impact of chronic periodontitis. Clinical intervention in periodontitis may be beneficial for periodontitis patients' systemic oxidative stress control, and using lipidic agents for the use of anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving processes for blocking the actions of arachidonic acid cascade can enable some late therapeutic strategies in order to lead oxidative stress-induced inflammation.

Efficacy of Adjunctive Er, Cr:YSGG Laser Application Following Scaling and Root Planing in Periodontally Diseased Patients.

The application of laser as a monotherapy has been shown to reduce probing pocket depths and increase clinical attachment levels after treatment of patients suffering from chronic periodontitis. Its controversial use as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) is discussed. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive Er, Cr:YSGG laser application following conventional SRP. A total of 30 patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. The quadrants of each patient were allocated to either SRP or SRP + laser. A total of 3,654 sites with pocket depths ≥ 4 mm were treated and evaluated at 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively with respect to attachment gain. Both therapies resulted in improved probing pocket depths and clinical attachment levels. The adjunctive application of Er, Cr:YSGG laser following SRP did not improve probing pocket depth or attachment level compared with SRP alone.

Small Molecule-Photoactive Yellow Protein Labeling Technology in Live Cell Imaging.

Characterization of the chemical environment, movement, trafficking and interactions of proteins in live cells is essential to understanding their functions. Labeling protein with functional molecules is a widely used approach in protein research to elucidate the protein location and functions both in vitro and in live cells or in vivo. A peptide or a protein tag fused to the protein of interest and provides the opportunities for an attachment of small molecule probes or other fluorophore to image the dynamics of protein localization. Here we reviewed the recent development of no-wash small molecular probes for photoactive yellow protein (PYP-tag), by the means of utilizing a quenching mechanism based on the intramolecular interactions, or an environmental-sensitive fluorophore. Several fluorogenic probes have been developed, with fast labeling kinetics and cell permeability. This technology allows quick live-cell imaging of cell-surface and intracellular proteins without a wash-out procedure.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on chronic periodontitis by the change of microecology and inflammation.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a pathogen inducing peptic disease, is recently found to be binding to the progress of periodontitis. Most previous studies are case-controlled, and they investigate the risk of H. pylori infection in disease the development of while few studies evaluate the correlation between H. pylori and periodontal pathogens. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between H. pylori infection with periodontal parameters, periodontal pathogens and inflammation. The results indicated that patients with H. pylori showed significantly higher probing depth and attachment loss than those without (p < 0.05). Among 28 subgingival plaque samples from 14 patients, the frequencies of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Treponema denticola were significantly higher with H. pylori infection than those without H. pylori infection (p < 0.05). However, the frequency of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was lower (p < 0.05). Furthermore, after human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) was stimulated with cagA-positive standard strains (cagA+ H. pylori 26695), the expression of periodontitis-related molecules Wnt5a, interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) significantly increased (p < 0.05). Conversely, the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was almost stable. Meanwhile, cagA+ H. pylori promoted significantly higher expression of IL-8 and Wnt5a than isogenic cagA mutants strains (cagA− H. pylori 26695) did. Taken together, our data suggested that H. pylori might promote the growth of some periodontal pathogens and aggravate the progress of chronic periodontitis.

Comparing Effectiveness of Two Scaling Methods: Hand and Ultrasonic Instruments in Patients with Periodontitis Disease

Objectives: Treatment of periodontal disease is done by removal of biofilm via two scaling methods (hand and ultrasonic instruments). This study intended to compare the effectiveness of these methods by measuring the bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss. Methods: Thirty patients were participated in the study and divided into the control (scaling by hand instruments) and test groups (scaling by ultrasonic instruments). The mean age of the participants in the control group was 32.2 ± 4.5 years and in the test group was 31.9 ± 5.2 years. Effectiveness of two scaling methods was evaluated by measurement of periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and BOP. The results were compared after treatment for two months and analyzed by descriptive statistics, Mann- Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The mean of PPD changed from 5.8 ± 0.4 to 3.1± 1.1mm (P> 0.05) in the test group and from 5.4 ± 0.3 to 4.2 ±1.5 mm (P>0.05) in the control group. The mean value of BOP decreased from 95% at baseline to 20% after two months (P>0.05) in the test group and from 95% at baseline to 40% after two months (P>0.05) in the control group. Conclusion: Scaling methods in two PPD ranges (1≤PPD≥ 3 and 3 < PPD < 5) had the same effect, however in PPD ≥ 5, the effect of ultrasonic treatment to reduce the amount of PPD and BOP in the test group was higher than that in the control group which manually scaled the tooth surfaces.

A novel impedimetric aptasensor, based on functionalized carbon nanotubes and prussian blue as labels

A simple and feasible electrochemical sensing protocol was developed for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA) by employing the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), prussian blue (PB) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (AuNPs/PB/CNTs-COOH). An aminated complementary DNA as a capture probe and specific aptamer against BPA as a detection probe was immobilized on the surface of a modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode via the formation of covalent amide bond and hybridization, respectively. The proposed nanoaptasensor combined the advantages of the in situ formation of PB as a label, the deposition of neatly arranged AuNPs, and the covalent attachment of the capture probe to the surface of the modified electrode. Upon addition of target BPA, the analyte reacted with the aptamer and caused the steric/conformational restrictions on the sensing interface. The formation of BPA–aptamer complex at the electrode surface retarded the interfacial electron transfer reaction of the PB as a probe. Sensitive quantitative detection of BPA was carried out based on the variation of electron transfer resistance which relevant to the formation of BPA– aptamer complex at the modified electrode surface. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed aptasensor exhibited a high sensitivity, wide linearity to BPA and low detection limit. This aptasensor also displayed a satisfying electrochemical performance with good stability, selectivity and reproducibility.

Zirconia Dental Implants: Investigation of Clinical Parameters, Patient Satisfaction, and Microbial Contamination.

In recent years, dental implants made from zirconia have been further developed and are considered a reliable treatment method for replacing missing teeth. The aim of this study was to analyze dental implants made from zirconia regarding their clinical performance compared with natural teeth (control). One hundred six zirconia implants in 38 adults were analyzed in a clinical study after 1 year of loading. The plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (PAL), and creeping or recession (CR/REC) of the gingiva were detected and compared with natural control teeth (CT). Furthermore, the papilla index (PAP), Periotest values (PTV), microbial colonization of the implant/dental sulcus fluid, and patient satisfaction were assessed. The survival rate was 100%. No statistical significance was observed between implants and teeth regarding BOP, PPD, and PAL. A statistical significance was detected regarding PI and CR/REC with significantly less plaque accumulation and recession in the study group. Mean PAP was 1.76 ± 0.55, whereas the mean PTV was -1.31 ± 2.24 (range from -5 to +6). A non-statistically significant higher colonization of periodontitis/peri-implantitis bacteria was observed in the implant group. The questionnaire showed that the majority of the patients were satisfied with the overall treatment. One-piece zirconia dental implants exhibited similar clinical results (BOP, PPD, and PAL) compared with natural teeth in regard to adhesion of plaque (PI) and creeping attachment (CR/REC); zirconia implants performed even better. The favorable results for PAL and CR/REC reflect the comparable low affinity of zirconia for plaque adhesion. Patient satisfaction indicated a high level of acceptance for zirconia implants. However, a long-term follow-up is needed to support these findings.

The role of lasers in the treatment of peri-implant diseases: A review.

We reviewed the indexed literature regarding the efficacy of laser therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis (PI). Databases were searched using combinations of the following keywords: peri-implantitis, bone loss, photodynamic therapy, laser, and light-activated disinfection. Titles and abstracts of publications from these search results were screened to determine which studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Full texts of relevant studies were read and independently assessed against the eligibility criteria. The resulting 28 studies described the role of lasers in the treatment of PI. The erbium:yttrium–aluminum-garnet laser can be used to sterilize implant surfaces without damaging them. Likewise, the carbon dioxide laser can disinfect implant surfaces and enhance the bone-to-implant contact around previously infected sites. Photodynamic therapy exhibits high target specificity and can destroy pathogens associated with the etiology of PI. Laser therapy can significantly reduce levels of clinical markers of peri-implant tissue inflammation (i.e., bleeding upon probing and clinical attachment loss) without jeopardizing the integrity of the implant or alveolar bone. In conclusion, laser therapy as an adjunct to conventional mechanical debridement therapy can be used effectively for the treatment of PI.

Label-free electrochemical genosensor based on mesoporous silica thin film.

A novel label-free electrochemical strategy for nucleic acid detection was developed by using gold electrodes coated with mesoporous silica thin films as sensing interface. The biosensing approach relies on the covalent attachment of a capture DNA probe on the surface of the silica nanopores and further hybridization with its complementary target oligonucleotide sequence, causing a diffusion hindering of an Fe(CN)6 (3-/4-) electrochemical probe through the nanochannels of the mesoporous film. This DNA-mesoporous silica thin film-modified electrodes allowed sensitive (91.7A/M) and rapid (45min) detection of low nanomolar levels of synthetic target DNA (25fmol) and were successfully employed to quantify the endogenous content of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) directly in raw bacterial lysate samples without isolation or purification steps. Moreover, the 1-month stability demonstrated by these biosensing devices enables their advanced preparation and storage, as desired for practical real-life applications. Graphical abstract Mesoporous silica thin films as scaffolds for the development of novel label-free electrochemical genosensors to perform selective, sensitive and rapid detection of target oligonucleotide sequences. Application towards E. coli determination.

Surgical removal of third molars and periodontal tissues of adjacent second molars.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mandibular third-molar (M3) removal on periodontal health of adjacent second molars (M2). Probing pocket depths (PPD) and probing attachment levels (PAL) have been described for primary outcome. As cofactors involved, gender, complications, two suture materials and two types of impaction were chosen as secondary outcomes. Seventy-eight patients (49 female; mean age: 16.0±2.0years) with 78 asymptomatic impacted mandibular M3 were included in this study. Plaque and gingival indices, PPD and PAL were recorded prior and 6months after surgery. Impacted teeth were classified as either fully impacted (completely within in the bone) or submucosal (fully covered by oral mucosa). Average baseline PPD was reduced from 3.3mm to 2.6mm after 6months (p<0.05). Average PAL was reduced from 3.0 to 2.5mm (p<0.05). Preoperative PPD≥4mm at the distolingual and distobuccal sites was positively correlated with clinical improvement (PPD: p<0.05; PAL: p<0.05). The impaction class was also identified as positive cofactor for PPD (p=0.039), but not for PAL. Young patients may benefit from an early removal of mandibular M3, especially in the presence of certain cofactors.