Private Network Research Articles

LAW ENFORCEMENT OF THE CRIME OF MONEY LAUNDERING THAT COMES FROM ONLINE GAMBLING

Law enforcement by the police in the crime of money laundering originating from online gambling is associated withLaw Number 8 of 2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering is an online gambling law enforcement that has been carried out by the VC Sat Subunit. The Criminal Police Criminal Investigation Unit still uses the instrument of Article 303 of the Criminal Code rather than Article 27 paragraph (2) Jo. Article 45 of the ITE Law. The threat of imprisonment under Article 303 of the Criminal Code is 10 years, heavier than Article 27 (2) Jo. Article 45 of the ITE Law which is only 6 years old.Obstacles and law enforcement efforts by the police in the crime of money laundering originating from online gambling are associated withLaw Number 8 of 2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering isThe human resource factor in an effort to eradicate online gambling crime is one of the important factors. Lack of mastery and understanding of personnel in the information technology sector. The external inhibiting factor in eradicating online gambling crimes is the server factor placed in countries that legalize gambling, the factor of using a Virtual Private Network (VPN).

Analysis of IPSec Implementation on Dynamic Multipoint VPN Protocol Using Routing Border Gateway Protocol

Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network (DMVPN) technology is one of Cisco's solutions to overcome the limitations of VPN scalability. DMVPN has a combination of components: Next hop resolution protocol (NHRP), Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation (mGRE) and Routing protocol. This research implements a simple network consisting of Hub, Spoke1, Spoke2, Lan1, Lan2 and Lan3 using the GNS3 simulator. This study compares the performance of IPSec and without IPsec on DMVPN using the BGP Routing protocol on performance parameters namely delay, throughput, jitter and packet loss to evaluate the security impact of the DMVPN network. The results of this study indicate that IPSec DMVPN has an effect on sending UDP packets which have a throughput value without IPSec of 5082.18 kbit/s while IPSec's throughput is 5034.40 kbit/s. The value of packet loss without IPSec has a value of 7.54% while IPSec has a value of 4.79%. The results of the jitter value have the same value. The delay value without IPSec has a value of 0.183s while the IPSec delay value is 0.410s. TCP packet delivery has a throughput value without IPSec is 1139.16 kbit/s while the IPSec throughput value is 1105.20 kbit/s. The results of the packet loss value and the jitter value have the same value. The delay value without IPSec has a value of 0.185s while the IPSec delay value is 0.187s.

BIoMT Modular Infrastructure: The Recent Challenges, Issues, and Limitations in Blockchain Hyperledger-Enabled E-Healthcare Application

This paper presents a layered hierarchy that depicts the progressive relationship between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. To begin with, data is gathered and organized into information. Information is gathered, filtered, refined, and put through an investigation process to create knowledge. Wisdom is attained after knowledge discovery through the process of filtration and aggregation through experience. The layered hierarchy in the domain of e-healthcare necessitates higher scheduling costs for data collection, processing wisdom, and management, which is also an insecure and untrustworthy process for progressive medical service. The medical industry faces a difficult problem in providing collected data integrity, information reliability, and knowledge trustworthiness for the service of progressive medical relationships in the face of an increasing number of day-to-day records. The blockchain consortium hyperledger (fabric) has been used in this paper to act as a bridge that bridges the gap between electronic data, information, knowledge, and wisdom (DIKW) movement and processes by enabling the process of the layered hierarchy of schedule information and management and providing security and transparency. For e-healthcare information management and privacy, the DIKW-ledger, such as patients’ consultancy information, availing medical services, personal records, appointments, treatment details, and other health-related transactions, a consortium hyperledger fabric-enabled efficient architecture is proposed. This proposed architecture creates two networks: a public network for medical stakeholders to exchange and agree on specific medical activities before being preserved on distributed storage (read-only after record registration) and a private network for complete DIKW process scheduling and management. We designed and created smart contracts for this purpose, as well as use-case diagrams to describe the overall execution process. The proposed architectural solution provides more efficient information integrity, provenance, and storage procedures to immutably preserve the medical ledger in a permissioned hash-encrypted structure.

Influence maximization in social networks with privacy protection

With the explosive development of online social network platforms, how to find a small subset of users (seed nodes) across multiple social networks to maximize the spread of information is of great significance. In reality, different platforms need to consider not only the commercial value of data, but also the protection of data privacy. In this situation, these multiple social platforms can be treated as a system of “multiple private social networks”, which naturally arises a new problem: how to maximize the spread of information in multiple private social networks without breaking the protocol of privacy protection. In view of this, we propose an HE-IM algorithm to solve the problem from the perspective of cryptography. Specifically, we use the homomorphic encryption security protocol and the third-party servers to encrypt and decrypt the influence of nodes in each private network and update the set of seed nodes. The experimental results demonstrate that, by cooperatively fusing information from different private networks in a secret manner, our method can effectively find influential seed nodes to maximize influence in multiple private social networks. The performance of our method in maximizing influence range is much better than that of the baseline methods only considering the structure of single private network. Therefore, the method provides a new way for collaborative search of influential seed nodes in multiple private social networks.

Developing a Commercial Press in Petersburg and Moscow: Institutions and Networks of Journalism under Alexander I and the Early Reign of Nicholas I

Abstract The article explores the kinds of institutions and networks that promoted a reading economy in periodicals in Moscow and Petersburg in the first third of the nineteenth century. The article examines why Petersburg experienced a dramatic growth in periodical publishing during this time period, and what factors constrained Moscow’s periodical publishing market. Looking at official institutions, public social venues, and individual journalists like Nikolai Grech, Faddei Bulgarin, and Osip Senkovskii, the article argues that institutional support and a thickening of public and private networks enabled the rise of a commercial and professional press in the 1820s. To bring the rise of Petersburg journalism into sharper relief, the article also examines the early career of Nikolai Polevoi and the circumstances constraining Moscow publishing in the first third of the nineteenth century. The article draws on recent scholarship examining the press as an “infrastructure” or “network” itself, as well as on theories of the press as part of a “network of means” regulating information and communication.

The role of private primary care pulmonologists network in Greece in the first year of COVID-19 pandemic

1. Johns Hopkins University. COVID-19 Dashboard. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center; 2020. Accessed August 14, 2022. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ma... Google Scholar

A VPN Performances Analysis of Constrained Hardware Open Source Infrastructure Deploy in IoT Environment

Virtual private network (VPN) represents an HW/SW infrastructure that implements private and confidential communication channels that usually travel through the Internet. VPN is currently one of the most reliable technologies to achieve this goal, also because being a consolidated technology, it is possible to apply appropriate patches to remedy any security holes. In this paper we analyze the performances of open source firmware OpenWrt 21.x compared with a server-side operating system (Debian 11 x64) and Mikrotik 7.x, also virtualized, and different types of clients (Windows 10/11, iOS 15, Android 11, OpenWrt 21.x, Debian 11 x64 and Mikrotik 7.x), observing the performance of the network according to the current implementation of the various protocols and algorithms of VPN tunnel examined on what are the most recent HW and SW for deployment in outdoor locations with poor network connectivity. Specifically, operating systems provide different performance metric values for various combinations of configuration variables. The first pursued goal is to find the algorithms to guarantee a data transmission/encryption ratio as efficiently as possible. The second goal is to research the algorithms capable of guaranteeing the widest spectrum of compatibility with the current infrastructures that support VPN technology, to obtain a connection system secure for geographically scattered IoT networks spread over difficult-to-manage areas such as suburban or rural environments. The third goal is to be able to use open firmware on constrained routers that provide compatibility with different VPN protocols.

An algorithm to predict the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: the experience in Sao Paulo.

We aimed to characterize patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and identify predictors of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We performed a retrospective cohort study in patients with COVID-19 admitted to a private network in Sao Paulo, Brazil from March to October 2020. Patients were compared in three subgroups: non-intensive care unit (ICU) admission (group A), ICU admission without receiving IMV (group B) and IMV requirement (group C). We developed logistic regression algorithm to identify predictors of IMV. We analyzed 1,650 patients, the median age was 53 years (42-65) and 986 patients (59.8%) were male. The median duration from symptom onset to hospital admission was 7 days (5-9) and the main comorbidities were hypertension (42.4%), diabetes (24.2%) and obesity (15.8%). We found differences among subgroups in laboratory values obtained at hospital admission. The predictors of IMV (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval [CI]) were male (1.81 [1.11-2.94], P=0.018), age (1.03 [1.02-1.05], P<0.001), obesity (2.56 [1.57-4.15], P<0.001), duration from symptom onset to admission (0.91 [0.85-0.98], P=0.011), arterial oxygen saturation (0.95 [0.92- 0.99], P=0.012), C-reactive protein (1.005 [1.002-1.008], P<0.001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (1.046 [1.005-1.089], P=0.029) and lactate dehydrogenase (1.005 [1.003-1.007], P<0.001). The area under the curve values were 0.860 (95% CI, 0.829-0.892) in the development cohort and 0.801 (95% CI, 0.733-0.870) in the validation cohort. Patients had distinct clinical and laboratory parameters early in hospital admission. Our prediction model may enable focused care in patients at high risk of IMV.

An analysis of zero-trust architecture and its cost-effectiveness for organizational security

Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) is a ‘Never Trust, Always Verify’ concept to improve cybersecurity by eliminating trust and validating network requests continuously. Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) is here to replace Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and provide solitary access to applications and data. The growth of ZTA has spiked over the years, but organizations are reluctant to invest in the security approach. Previous research studies cover ways to implement or migrate to ZTA, its significance, and challenges but provide limited information on available tools, prices, and the success rate of ZTA. Organizations lack information on the quantitative evaluations of ZTA benefits and drawbacks. An in-depth evaluation of ZTA to help security researchers better understand the costs and benefits of employing this new technology as a defence against cyber attacks is provided in this work. Results show that the implementation of ZTA causes a reduction of $684K on average in risk impact over a span of four years for small to medium sized organizations and enterprise-level organizations.

Development of a robust Wi-Fi/4G-based ROS communication platform for an assembly and repair mobile robot with reliable behavior under unstable network or connection failure

This paper presents various perspectives on designing and implementing a communication platform for a teleoperated mobile robot. The deployment of a communication network for a mobile robot and the integration of robot components in the developed communication platform are discussed in this article. A Wi-Fi-based communication network has been established, and to secure remote control over long distances, Internet-based communication via the 4G protocol has been launched using a virtual private network setup. Since an unstable network can damage the robot or the surrounding environment, an algorithm has been developed to monitor the state of the network connection through different protocols. The developed algorithm is able to detect network failure independently of the wireless communication technology used and notify the system of any disruptive communication. The robot's primary reactions to connection failure have been programmed to keep the robot under control until the communication with the control station is restored. Various experiments were carried out to validate the performance of the designed algorithm and statistical analysis was performed for each experiment. One of the main contributions of this study is the development of an algorithm for communication between the mobile robot and the control station based on both Wi-Fi and 4G, which is capable to keep the robot behavior safe and reliable in the presence of an unstable network or connection failure.

European administrative networks, private networks and agencies: coexisting, cooperating or competing?

ABSTRACT Little attention has been paid to the relations between European agencies and regulatory networks in existing research, and the role of private networks has not been considered. This article fills this research gap and examines when sectoral bodies coexist, cooperate or compete. It develops a conceptual framework to map the diversity of sectoral bodies, and identifies mission- and resource-related explanatory factors for types of interaction. The qualitative comparison analyses a case with multiple public bodies (banking), as opposed to a case with agency and network structures as well as public and private bodies (electricity). The findings support arguments in existing research, namely that cooperation is driven by resource complementarity and mission overlap. Further, they point to the relevance of mission and resource rivalries as explanations for conflictual relations, and show that resource- and mission-related factors materialise very differently across distinct institutional settings. The conceptual framework paves the way for further cross-sectoral analysis of inter-organisational relations in the European administrative space.

Virtual private network (VPN) model for AIS real time monitoring

The need for a ship monitoring system based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been developed and provides many broad benefits for the maritime world in Indonesia. The system can become an early warning system (EWS) for ship operators, port operators, and even ship owners for tracking a movement of their ships. By internet connection based Virtual Private Network (VPN) can connect several remote base stations (RBS), VPN technology can integrate many RBS from several remote places into one AIS monitoring system. VPN-based internet connection is used to guarantee a secure network, private internet connection, and can access a network remotely. VPN technology encrypts data exchange even before data transmission reaches the public network. Connecting to the internet using a VPN connection is like accessing the internet using a special tunnel, not in the main internet network. Thus the use of a VPN-based internet connection in the AIS monitoring system can ensure the security of data transmission from RBS to the AIS monitoring server.

An Energy-Efficient Framework in Radio Multi-Access Edge Cloud by Automatically Generating Network Slice

Traditional radio multi-access edge computing (RMEC) mainly serves information transmission. However, networking devices tend to be powered by batteries, and the life time of the network is constrained by battery capacity. How to power networking devices in RMEC is a key challenge. Wireless energy transfer (WET), a technology that uses radio frequency signals to charge devices wirelessly, offers the potential to eliminate this performance bottleneck. In this article, a framework for automatically generating network slice (AGNS) is proposed, where “WET” is set as a special application to realize synchronous transmission of energy and information by network slices. First, we discuss the development trends of RMEC. Next, we embark on customized services and resource efficiency maximization to reduce device's energy consumption, and analyze technical challenges. AGNS provides a logical mapping method to bridge the qualitative demand of new applications and the quantitative supply of slices, and provides a slice orchestration strategy to automatically combine virtualized network functions and optimize virtualized network resources for virtual private network (VPN). AGNS also provides a physical mapping approach to establish the resource corresponding relation between the network slices and physical devices in dynamic environments. Simulation results show that AGNS is superior to existing methods which adopt the “best effort” mode with a “one size fits all” rule, in terms of acceptance rate, resource efficiency and energy consumption. The AGNS framework is measured by the data of 10T of China Telecom Sichuan Branch. The results are consistent with our theoretical analysis.

5G+ABCDNETS: A feasible digital framework for new infrastructure of smart campus

This paper constructs a feasible framework of new infrastructure of smart campus guided by the industry requirements for the construction of new infrastructure of smart campus and based on the technical cooperation of 5G+ABCDNETS. This paper puts forward the deployment parameter table of 5G hybrid private network in the basic network around 3 sub items and 9 construction environments. We designed the specific deployment links of intelligent laboratory, security supervision and scientific research collaboration supported by 14 key technologies such as heterogeneous computing in ABCDNETS, taking the sub item of "smart scientific research facilities" as an example. The research findings of this paper provide preliminary exploration for promoting the implementation of technology in the six construction directions of new infrastructure for education.

Next Decade of Telecommunications Artificial Intelligence

It has been an exciting journey since the mobile communications and artificial intelligence were conceived 37 years and 64 years ago. While both fields evolved independently and profoundly changed communications and computing industries, the rapid convergence of 5G and deep learning is beginning to significantly transform the core communication infrastructure, network management and vertical applications. The paper first outlines the individual roadmaps of mobile communications and artificial intelligence in the early stage, with a concentration to review the era from 3G to 5G when AI and mobile communications started to converge. With regard to telecommunications artificial intelligence, the paper further introduces in detail the progress of artificial intelligence in the ecosystem of mobile communications. The paper then summarizes the classifications of AI in telecom ecosystems along with its evolution paths specified by various international telecommunications standardization bodies. Towards the next decade, the paper forecasts the prospective roadmap of telecommunications artificial intelligence. In line with 3GPP and ITU-R timeline of 5G & 6G, the paper further explores the network intelligence following 3GPP and ORAN routes respectively, experience and intention driven network management and operation, network AI signalling system, intelligent middle-office based BSS, intelligent customer experience management and policy control driven by BSS and OSS convergence, evolution from SLA to ELA, and intelligent private network for verticals. The paper is concluded with the vision that AI will reshape the future B5G or 6G landscape and we need pivot our R&D, standardizations, and ecosystem to fully take the unprecedented opportunities.

CABARAN DAN KEBERKESANAN PENGGUNAAN SIMULATOR CISCO PACKET TRACER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAMBUNGAN VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK)

The simulation method is the use of computer applications that contain processes or models similar to real physical ones for learning purposes or other uses. The effectiveness of learning using simulation techniques does not only depend on the development of the simulation design, but must also understand how the simulation can be implemented. The study conducted is descriptive in order to identify the challenges and effectiveness of using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator in learning VPN (Virtual Private Network) connections. The sample for this study consisted of 30 students who took a network security course at Kuala Terengganu Polytechnic. The instrument for this study consists of 2 sets of questions. The first set is a questionnaire used to identify the challenges of using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator and the second is a practical test question to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator. An experimental group that went through learning using Cisco Packet Tracer and a control group that went through conventional learning was formed to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27.0. The findings of the study show that there are three main challenges faced by students in the use of Cisco Packet Tracer. First, from a concentration point of view because written instructions need to be remembered and understood. Second, the use of Cisco Packet Tracer requires high skills in simulating a complex network and third, if there is a mistake in designing the network, it will cause errors that are difficult to find and this will have an impact on student learning. The results of the study also found that there was an increase in the academic achievement of students after they followed the learning method using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator. Continuous improvement needs to be implemented in order to help students overcome the challenges faced when using Cisco Packet Tracer and its use in learning is expected to produce competent students in the field of networking.

Web Development of Automatic Cow Feeding Machine

Abstract: A website is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server. Examples of notable websites are Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Wikipedia. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. There are also private websites that can only be accessed on a private network, such as a company's internal website for its employees. Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, such as news, education, commerce, entertainment, or social networking. Hyperlinking between web pages guides the navigation of the site, which often starts with a home page. Users can access websites on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. The app used on these devices is called a web browser. With the help of this information, we create a website for providing all of the information to the reader.

Actor roles and public–private interaction in transitioning networks: the case of geofencing for urban freight transport in Sweden

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate actor roles and public–private interactions in networks. Role dynamics are explored in two settings: the current development network and the future implementation network to which actors are transitioning.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on the industrial marketing and purchasing approach to business markets and uses a qualitative methodology. A case study of a network developing geofencing applications in the context of sustainable transport was used. The main source of data was interviews with 26 respondents from public and private organizations.FindingsRoles in development and implementation of geofencing are identified, where private and public actors may take on one or several roles in the developing setting. When transitioning to the implementation setting, the expectations of public actors vary and there is ambiguity over their roles, which range from active to inactive. This detailed empirical case study shows the complexity of multi-actor involvement when developing digital technology for the transport system.Research limitations/implicationsThe study highlights the transition from firm-centric innovation to network-centric innovation and its implications on actor roles.Practical implicationsOrganizations participating in public–private innovation networks need to be aware of the multiple roles public organizations play and the complexities they face.Originality/valueThe paper explores role dynamics within and between the development and implementation settings of geofencing. Within the current development setting, roles are identified at different organizational levels with limited change in role dynamics. When transitioning to a new setting, actors’ role dynamics may range from “limited” to “path-breaking.” In future settings, actors enter and exit networks and their roles may change dramatically.

SwarMED: A High-Throughput Interoperability Architecture Over Ethereum and Swarm for Big Biomedical Data

In this paper, we introduce SwarMED, a decentralized yet high throughput interoperability system for big biomedical data. SwarMED uses Etehreum blockchain for trustless security and Swarm p2p storage to handle high throughput transaction of big data. In SwarMED, we developed an indexing mechanism over the immutable storage of Swarm to achieve high-throughput while sharing millions of patient records and images among multiple parties. SwarMED achieved a high throughput of 250K medical records per second over a private network constructed over LSU-HPC cluster. This high throughput is 9x more comparing to conventional way of using p2p storage in conjunction with blockchain. This high throughput enables the patients to get realtime access to his comprehensive medical history and scientists to gain real-time access to different medical data for collaborative research complying to the constraints posed by existing laws. Our system-level analysis over different design alternatives over different transfer and storage architectures shows that, p2p storage platforms automatically provide significantly better scalability over traditional HTTP with increasing number of clients. Swarm provides 2x more I/O throughput and 10x less latency than IPFS, another p2p storage system making it a better choice for decentralized big data transaction.

Availability of digital resources and institutional compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures in a Nigerian university: A descriptive study

The state of the availability of digital resources and institutional compliance to COVID-19 mitigation measures was evaluated by the researchers in this study. Informed by the need to answer two research questions, the study adopted the descriptive survey design. A sample of 409 participants was drawn from a population of 2,410 academic staff at the University of Calabar, leveraging the multistage sampling process. “Availability of digital resources and institutional compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures questionnaire” was used for data collection. After administration, we recovered 397 copies of the instrument successfully. We used descriptive statistics to answer the research questions. Our findings indicated a great extent in the availability of digital resources such as computers (91.18%), human capacity (63.48%), network printers (67.76%), projectors (59.19%), websites (92.95%), and wireless networks (86.65%). There was a low extent in the availability of digital resources such as local area network (5.79%), cloud storage systems (2.27%), digital libraries (7.56%), firewalls (1.26%), Internet service (48.36%), routers (23.69%), and Zoom videoconferencing platform (23.93%). The unavailability of digital resources such as host/servers (0%) and virtual private networks (0%) in the higher education institution (HEI). Further evidence shows a low extent of institutional compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures generally and specifically for all indicators. In conclusion, there is a high degree of unreadiness to promote e-learning when flexible learning systems should operate in the institution. Among others, we recommend that the management of the HEI should apportion proceeds from internally generated funds to procure digital resources to increase the institution's capacity to respond to COVID-19 or similar cases in the future.