Private Network Research Articles

도시포용성 증진을 위한 문화 거버넌스 연구

Urban inclusiveness, as a sustainable future value of cities, is enhanced through citizen participation and collaborative governance. The Cultural City Project is a governance-centered initiative that enables citizens to collaborate and address urban issues through culture. This study examines the meaning of urban inclusiveness and collaborative governance in the Cultural City Project and explores future directions. The study examined the following research questions, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with Cultural City experts: 1) The current status of governance in Cultural Cities, 2) The suitable structure or form of governance for the Cultural City Project, and 3) The practical and strategic measures for governance in Cultural Cities. The governance of Cultural Cities should aim to achieve urban inclusiveness and transform into a citizen-centered collaborative organization that has responsibility and self-sustaining power through agreed-upon definitions and operational measures by citizens. This study suggests the accumulation of citizens' cooperative experiences and collective efficacy, as well as the enhancement of learning motivation and expertise, through the expansion of private networks via sharing experiences and solidarity among Cultural Cities.

Assessment of predisposition in the acquisition of the english language and motor development in children with autism spectrum disorder: Case report

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurobiological disorder. Characterized by language deficits, however, it is known that there is a development of bilingualism in the autistic population. Delay in motor development is present in the population, with deficits in fine and gross motor coordination. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the predisposition to acquire a second language and motor development in children with ASD. Method: The case report is composed of four children, verbal with the cognitive and physical capacity to participate in the evaluations. Mean age ± 8 years and 3 months, 50% male, 100% literate. Distributed into two groups: group I: two children diagnosed with ASD according to DSM-V and group II: two children with typical development. The group of children with ASD underwent the assessment protocol consisting of the application of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) while the Revised Psychoeducational Profile (PEP-R) and the Placement Test were applied in both groups. Result: Children with ASD assessed with CARS had a low level of support. Regarding the PEP-R, the same group showed a deficit in the development of fine and gross motor coordination compared to group II. The child with ASD from the public network had a lower score compared to the child from the private network in relation to the level of development of bilingualism, both in reading and writing. Conclusion: It is possible to suggest that the development of fine and gross motor skills of children with ASD are deficient, however, they demonstrated a good result in the predisposition to learning a second language, including the child who studies in a public school. Although its development is a little smaller.

Privacy-preserving identification of the influential nodes in networks

Identifying influential nodes in social networks has drawn significant attention in the field of network science. However, most of the existing works request to know the complete structural information about networks, indeed, this information is usually sensitive, private and hard to obtain. Therefore, how to identify the influential nodes in networks without disclosing privacy is especially important. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving (named as HE-ranking) framework to identify influential nodes in networks based on homomorphic encryption (HE) protocol. The HE-ranking method collaboratively computes the nodes’ importance and protects the sensitive information of each private network by using the HE protocol. Extensive experimental results indicate that the method can effectively identify the influential nodes in the original networks than the baseline methods which only use each private network to identify influential nodes. More importantly, the HE-ranking method can protect the privacy of each private network in different parts.

HoneyPot in a Container with Detailed Analytics

Honeypot is a system that is used as a trap for attackers and can be implemented in organizations and government institutions to trap or leak the origin of the attackers. It can be used in line with other tools such as production servers or even development servers. Some organizations use it in orchestration infrastructure also to figure out any possibilities of an escalation irrespective of which kind of escalation. In this paper we are trying to leverage the containerization capabilities of the modern systems and try to create a honeypot in a container that can be easily installed and operated within a network or outside private networks in the wild very easily with the help of the docker containers.

An Overview of Emergency Communication Networks

In recent years, major natural disasters and public safety accidents have frequently occurred worldwide. In order to deal with various disasters and accidents using rapidly deployable, reliable, efficient, and stable emergency communication networks, all countries in the world are strengthening and improving emergency communication network construction and related technology research. Motivated by these situations, in this paper, we provide a state-of-the-art survey of the current situation and development of emergency communication networks. In this detailed investigation, our primary focus is the extensive discussion of emergency communication network technology, including satellite networks, ad hoc networks, cellular networks, and wireless private networks. Then, we explore and analyze the networks currently applied in emergency rescue, such as the 370M narrowband private network, broadband cluster network, and 5G constellation plan. We propose a broadband-narrowband integrated emergency communication network to provide an effective solution for visual dispatch of emergency rescue services. The main findings derived from the comprehensive survey on the emergency communication network are then summarized, and possible research challenges are noted. Lastly, we complete this survey by shedding new light on future directions for the emergency communication network. In the future, the emergency network will develop in the direction of intelligence, integration, popularization, and lower cost, and space-air-ground-sea integrated networks. This survey provides a reference basis for the construction of networks to mitigate major natural disasters and public safety accidents.

Implementation and Evaluation of 5G MEC-Enabled Smart Factory

A 5G network can provide more comprehensive bandwidth connectivity for the industry 4.0 environment, which requires faster and tremendous data transmission. This study demonstrates the 5G network performance evaluation with MEC, without MEC, WiFi 6, and Ethernet networks. Usually, a 5G network engages with Multi-access Edge Computing, providing the computing functions dedicated to the users on edge nodes. The MEC network architecture presents significant facilities, a network schematic, and data transmission routers. The field test performs high-definition streaming video and heavy-traffic load testing to evaluate the performance based on different protocols by comparing throughput, latency, jitter, and packet loss rate. MEC network performance, streaming video performance, and load test evaluation results reveal that the 5G network working with MEC achieved better performance than when it was working without MEC. The MEC can improve data transmission efficiency by dedicated configuration but is only accessible with authentication from mobile network operators (MNOs). Therefore, MNOs should offer industrial private network users partial authentication for accessing MEC functionality to improve network feasibility and efficiency. In conclusion, this work illustrates the 5G network implementation and performance measurement for constructing a smart factory.

Novel intelligent architecture and approximate solution for future networks.

Private networks have become popular for secure data sharing and anonymous communication in many domains: enterprise environments, military, journalism, telecommunication, healthcare, to name a few. It has been used with or without internet connection. Its primary purpose is to provide confidentiality, bypass unlawful activities, and protect against common threats such as interception, modification, and censorship. In addition, several private network technologies exist to support secure communications. However, they mostly rely on encryption only. The transmitted data is classified into different confidentiality levels. This research presents a smart private network architecture scheme that transmits constraint-based classified packets. The main directive of this work is the proposed constraint. This constraint is meant to enforce that if two packets belong to the same confidentiality level, they can't be transmitted through the two routers simultaneously. Therefore, the studied problem is an NP-hard problem. This paper presents the following contributions: (i) proposes a new architecture paradigm for outsourcing a constraint-based multi-classified data sharing securely and transmitted through two routers; (ii) introduces several algorithms to prove the feasibility for this NP-Hard problem; and (iii) implements the algorithms solutions using C++ and compares their performance. Different metrics are used to measure the performance of the proposed algorithms. Randomized Longest Transmission time first algorithm [Formula: see text] scored the best algorithm with a percentage of 73.5% and an average gap of 0.002 according to the experimental results. It is remarkable worthy to note that the execution time of all the algorithms is less than 0.001 s.

Carteggio Scalabrini e Zaboglio (1886–1904) ed. by Veronica De Santis and Giovanni Terragni (review)

Reviewed by: Carteggio Scalabrini e Zaboglio (1886–1904) ed. by Veronica De Santis and Giovanni Terragni Mateo Binasco Carteggio Scalabrini e Zaboglio (1886–1904). Edited by Veronica De Santis and Giovanni Terragni. (Rome: Istituto Storico Scalabriniano. 2021. Pp. 416. ISBN: 9788885438279.) The years Veronica De Santis and Giovanni Terragni's edition of the correspondence exchanged between the Scalabrinian missionary Francesco Zaboglio (1852–1911) and Monsignor Giovanni Battista Scalabrini (1839–1905) represents a welcome and useful research tool for understanding one of the most dramatic phases of Italian emigration to North America. This edition consists of 160 letters spanning the years from 1886 to 1904, to which it is added an appendix of articles written by Zaboglio, upon Scalabrini's solicitation, on the Italian emigrants in America. The last part of the book provides a very detailed list of the missions managed by Italian Catholic missionaries in the United States in 1899. The book has many merits. First, it sheds light on a period of crucial changes for Italian emigration to North America, also showing how the Catholic Church responded to it. [End Page 419] Secondly, it offers a first-hand account of the difficulties and perils faced by the Italian missionaries vis-à-vis their fellow countrymen and the other migrant communities as well as the American authorities. The importance of the correspondence between Zaboglio and Scalabrini becomes more and more evident as one goes through the letters. Indeed, from the beginning, Zaboglio offers a vivid portrait of the Italian emigration and its consequences both on the Italian society and on the American society. Zaboglio's gloomy but detailed descriptions funnelled a flow of constant information to Scalabrini, and more broadly to the Holy See, which was used to develop a missionary strategy. Clearly, Zaboglio was not a mere observer. He put forward concrete missionary plans, such as—to name the most relevant one—the project to establish an institute for the training of the priests who were to operate among the Italian emigrants. A further crucial aspect, which comes out from Zaboglio's letters, is his "transnational" outlook. Very soon he realized that the development of any missionary plans could not be limited to the Italian community but had to encompass all migrants. From the very first letter to last one, the correspondence between Zaboglio and Scalabrini demonstrates the harsh aspects of the Italian emigration and the persistent difficulty to elaborate and implement effective plans geared toward the complex economic and social situation in the Americas. This edited collection is enriched by a very well written introduction authored by Matteo Sanfilippo and Giovanni Terragni, two leading experts on the history of migrations and of the Scalabrinians. They effectively reconstruct the multifaceted world of Scalabrini and Zaboglio and their web of institutional and private networks in the Americas and Italy. The fact that the book can be downloaded for free as a PDF file from the website of the Centro Studi Emigrazione di Roma is a further merit to be ascribed to the editors, who deserve to be praised for their scholarship which so much improves our knowledge of the Scalabrinian order and more broadly of the Italian emigration to the Americas. Mateo Binasco Universitá degli Stranieri di Siena Mateo Binasco Universitá degli Stranieri di Siena Copyright © 2023 The Catholic University of America Press

Successful Alert Issuance with Sufficient Lead Time by Uttarakhand State Earthquake Early Warning System: Case Study of Nepal Earthquakes

Abstract Three moderate earthquakes on November 9, 2022, November 12, 2022, and January 24, 2023 occurred in Western Nepal region of Magnitudes 5.8, 5.4 and 5.8 respectively. The epicenters were ~100 km away from the Uttarakhand State Earthquake Early Warning System (UEEWS) network which consists of 169 seismic sensors in oval shape network with larger axis of about 280 km in East-West and 120 km in North-South in Uttarakhand-Dharchula seismic gap, a region of central seismic gap of Indian Himalaya. The strong motions recorded by UEEWS were fetched in real-time at the central server in Roorkee through dedicated private network. The central server issued notifications and warning alerts to the public of Uttarakhand on the mobile app, ‘Uttarakhand Bhookamp Alert’ installed by them. The success story of issuance of warning along with location of triggered sensors, epicenter of earthquakes and lead time people got in these events are elaborated in this article. Specially, these three moderate earthquakes albeit not triggered in the instrumented area, issuance of warning to the public by UEEWS network is noteworthy. Encouragingly, these events have been considered an example to rationalize establishment of earthquake early warning system in the other parts of the Himalayan regions.

Enhancing Perceptual Experience of Video Quality in Drone Communications by Using VPN Bonding

Recently, drones are increasingly being used as innovative IoT sensors. The application contexts of UAV systems where there is often a need to transmit time-critical data between the drone and the Internet are increasingly numerous and varied. Keeping this in mind and assuming that most professional UAVs are equipped with multiinterface routers and use virtual private networks (VPNs) to ensure reliable, robust, and secure transmission to the operation room, this letter presents a technique to enhance real-time and time-critical communications such as real-time video streaming. An embedded system, Raspberry-based gateway prototype, was used to create a testbed using a professional drone that captured and transmitted real-time video during a 30-min flight over a rural area characterized by poor mobile radio coverage. A perceptual video quality assessment tool, video multimethod assessment fusion (VMAF), has been employed to evaluate the improvement in terms of video quality perceived by the operator.

5G Standalone Deployments Are on the Rise [Mobile Radio

One of the key decisions facing mobile operators worldwide is whether to launch 5G services in nonstandalone or standalone (SA) mode. The key difference is that the former relies upon existing 4G LTE network assets, such as an LTE evolved packet core, while the latter requires the deployment of a 5G core. Besides enabling new features, such as network slicing, 5G SA provides the full range of 5G capabilities in both public and private network deployment. This choice is not simply a matter of the availability of technology but also of spectrum, and we focus on the latter in the first reports of this “Mobile Radio” column.

Organizational Cybersecurity Post The Pandemic: An Exploration of Remote Working Risks and Mitigation Strategies

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced organisations to embrace the largest remote workforce in history, yet this upheaval also brought an increasing number of cyber vulnerabilities to the fore. Organisations must remain committed to not leaving business processes, personal data, or vital infrastructure at risk, which has proved challenging for most. As remote working establishes itself as the new normal, criminals are seeking to capitalize on the widespread cybersecurity uncertainty, and succeeding. Private organisations and cybersecurity professionals must come together to establish robust solutions for home working cybersecurity. 
 This investigation explores several prevalent cyber risks (private networks, public hotspots, remote desktop protocol, authentication policies, virtual private network configuration and phishing attacks) across three key threat classifications of management, technical and human factors when remote working from the perspective of twenty industry experts. These findings offer key insights to emerging vulnerabilities, while also revealing defined strategies for organisations to help mitigate these challenges.

Priority-Based Resource Allocation Optimization for Multi-Service LoRaWAN Harmonization in Compliance with IEEE 2668.

Given the advantage of LoRaWAN private networks, multiple types of services have been implemented by users in one LoRaWAN system to realize various smart applications. With an increasing number of applications, LoRaWAN suffers from multi-service coexistence challenges due to limited channel resources, uncoordinated network configuration, and scalability issues. The most effective solution is establishing a reasonable resource allocation scheme. However, existing approaches are not applicable for LoRaWAN with multiple services with different criticalities. Therefore, we propose a priority-based resource allocation (PB-RA) scheme to coordinate multi-service networks. In this paper, LoRaWAN application services are classified into three main categories, including safety, control, and monitoring. Considering the different criticalities of these services, the proposed PB-RA scheme assigns spreading factors (SFs) to end devices on the basis of the highest priority parameter, which decreases the average packet loss rate (PLR) and improves throughput. Moreover, a harmonization index, namely HDex, based on IEEE 2668 standard is first defined to comprehensively and quantitively evaluate the coordination ability in terms of key quality of service (QoS) performance (i.e., PLR, latency and throughput). Furthermore, Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based optimization is formulated to obtain the optimal service criticality parameters which maximize the average HDex of the network and contribute to a larger capacity of end devices while maintaining the HDex threshold for each service. Simulations and experimental results show that the proposed PB-RA scheme can achieve the HDex score of 3 for each service type at 150 end devices, which improves the capacity by 50% compared to the conventional adaptive data rate (ADR) scheme.

Exploring the hyperledger blockchain technology disruption and barriers of blockchain adoption in petroleum supply chain

Blockchain is an emerging technology that can build technology innovation on core front line operations in the petroleum industry. In the present study, we explore the research questions: how hyperledger fabric blockchain can disrupt the petroleum supply chain, the prominent barriers to blockchain adoption. Hyperledger blockchain is a private network in which information sharing through only permissioned participants feasible. The study takes inputs from industry and academic experts to explore blockchain's role in every segment of the petroleum industry. It employs a hesitant fuzzy set theory to explore the prominent barriers of blockchain adoption. The research findings identify that blockchain has significant exposure in land management, asset history records, financial records, supply chain management, etc. The prominent barriers to blockchain adoption are lack of general standards, lack of trust among partners, and lack of understanding. In particular, this research gives the petroleum industry blockchain-based digitization and highlights future research directions in technology.

A Universal Hardware Platform for an LTE-Advanced Base Station Prototyping

This paper presents a universal hardware platform (UHP) based on software defined radio (SDR) technology and developed to accelerate the prototyping and testing new hardware and algorithmic solutions for modern radio systems. There are two integrated transceivers and a baseband processor on the board. Thus, four complete RF transmitting and receiving channels, with observation paths for transmitted signals monitoring could be supported. Our platform can be operated in both time-division (TDD) and frequency-division (FDD) duplex schemes over a 300 MHz to 6 GHz frequency range with simultaneous synthesis and analysis in the bandwidth of up to 100 MHz. The radio system is formed by attaching an appropriate RF front-end to the UHP and uploading standard-specific software. As examples of possible UHP applications, two LTE-Advanced micro base stations for private networks with standard-defined RF front-ends operating in the LTE band B43 (3.6 GHz) with time duplex and the band B31 (450 MHz) in FDD mode are presented.

Безопасность передачи данных в территориально распределенных информационных системах в офтальмологии на базе отечественного оборудования

Relevance. Currently, to ensure secure data transmission in geographically distributed information systems, including in ophthalmology, in particular secure data transmission of telemedicine consultations, when exchanging data between various healthcare institutions, when transmitting data during multicenter clinical trials, scientific developments, Multipoint Private Network (DMVPN) technology is widely used. DMVPN allows you to significantly reduce the load on equipment when organizing the work of remote offices. This «overlay» VPN reduces the participation of the provider in organizing a connection with a large number of users compared to analogues of the «peer-to-peer» type. Purpose. To evaluate the features of the transition to Eltex equipment when building a DMVPN in geographically distributed information systems in ophthalmology. Material and methods. Eltex ESR-200 routers were used as a laboratory stand. To measure the throughput of routers, the Iperf3 software product was used – a cross-platform console client-server program. Results. This article provides an assessment of the throughput of Eltex equipment when building secure DMVPN tunnels. Conclusion. Eltex equipment is productive and effective for solving the problems of building secure DMVPN tunnels to ensure secure data transmission in geographically distributed information systems in ophthalmology. Keywords: information security, performance, fault tolerance, DMVPN, IPsec, NHRP, routing, GRE tunnels

Construction of a 5G-based, three-dimensional, and efficiently connected emergency medical management system

BackgroundShenzhen is unique in its need for ad hoc responses to emergencies. The need for emergency medicine also demonstrates a trend of sustained growth. ObjectiveA three-dimensional and efficiently connected emergency medical management model using fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) was established to improve the efficiency and level of management in emergency medicine. MethodA mixed-frequency band private network collaborative emergency treatment mode was built under daily emergency scenarios using 5G. The efficiency of a three-dimensional telemedicine treatment mode was tested using prehospital emergency medicine. Also, the feasibility of quickly establishing a temporary network information system using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and/or high-throughput communication satellites under disaster-caused power outages and network interruptions was examined. A monitoring system was constructed for suspected cases using 5G amid public health emergencies, which raised the Emergency Department’s efficiency and security in responding to the pandemic. ResultsThe three-dimensional rescue system supported by 5G showed that the radius of the emergency medical rescue services expanded from 5 to 60 km, and the cross-district emergency reaction time reduced from 1 h to <20 min. Thus, it was feasible to construct a communication network expeditiously with devices carried by UAV under disastrous scenarios. The system developed based on 5G could be used in managing suspected cases of public emergencies. Among the 134 suspected cases in the early stage of the pandemic, no nosocomial infection was detected. ConclusionA three-dimensional, efficiently connected emergency medical management system based on 5G was constructed, following which the emergency rescue radius quickly expanded and the emergency response time reduced. Thus, with the aid of new technology, an emergency information network system was built expeditiously under specific scenarios, such as a natural disaster, and the level of management under public health emergencies advances. The confidentiality of patient information is a critical issue regarding the application of new technology.

Research on High Reliable Multimode Wireless Communication Technology for UAV

High definition image transmission and remote control are typical applications of UAVs, which has spawned a large number of new scenes. This paper proposes a multimode wireless communication method and image transmission strategy for UAV based on the integration of public network and private network. By building at least two wireless communication links including public network and private network, the image data is encoded after obtaining its channel parameters, and the encoded image data is sent through the two links. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the reliability and efficiency of data transmission.

ANALYSIS OF BRUTE FORCE ATTACK LOGS TOWARD NGINX WEB SERVER ON DASHBOARD IMPROVED LOG LOGGING SYSTEM USING FORENSIC INVESTIGATION METHOD

Since it was first launched in 1990, the Web Server is still in use today. No exception, almost all companies entering industry 4.0 use Web Servers to show the existence of the company's website and its products. Starting from the websites provided for free by WordPress and Blogspot to independent websites created by their respective companies. The web server itself is available in several types, ranging from apache, nginx, litespeed, etc. Of course, the use of a Web Server for websites cannot be separated from internet crimes or cyber crimes. One of the crimes committed is the hacker's attempt to login to the website Administrator page. The loophole used by hackers is brute force or forced entry by trying every combination of existing Administrator User and Password. This research focuses on building and updating a website monitoring dashboard system with Wazuh technology. The method used in this study is the Quantitative Forensic Investigation Method by examining the logs generated by the System Dashboard using Digital Forensic procedures. This monitoring process aims to detect brute force threats on managed websites by showing the website Administrator login activity log. The results of the metadata log shown by the optimized dashboard show the number of brute force attacks on managed websites. The number of attacks recorded was 259646 attacks on the first cluster and 288676 attacks on the second cluster. In addition, the results of the metadata log can be investigated further to find the location of the Hacker. The location of the hackers found was only limited to the VPN (Virtual Private Network) server used. One of the VPN servers used in this case is Amazon Data Center.

A Literature Review: Cross-Sector Collaboration Arrangements to Deliver Public Services and Goods

Cross-sector collaboration is a growing topic in the discourse of new public governance. This topic is the importance of public managers collaborating with other actors outside the government, such as the private sector and non-profit organizations, in producing and delivering public goods and services. This journal uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method from books and journals that explains the concepts and approaches of cross-sector collaboration. The results of this study show a continuum of cross-sector collaboration approaches. Public managers can choose the approaches such as Government Provision, Contracting-out, Public Private Partnership (PPP), Network, and Independent Public Services Provider (IPSP). Each approach has its character, from the provision, financing, production process, relationship with society, and trust between actors.