Private Institutions Research Articles

A Decolonial Perspective on Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) stands as a pervasive global trend. Scholarly observations indicate a proactive CSR stance predominantly among Western firms compared to their Asian counterparts. Existing studies explore this regional disparity, but scant attention has been devoted to unraveling the historical origins of CSR in the Western tradition, where private or nonprofit institutions such as churches historically shaped social responsibility (SR). This historical context of SR may pose intriguing questions regarding regions where the Western corporate structure and CSR were transplanted, suggesting CSR practices may differ. This study employs a decolonial perspective to explore the influence of religious affiliations on the social contributions of Korean family business groups (chaebols). Findings reveal that chaebols whose families practice Christianity contribute more to society than those following Buddhism. This study also uncovers the enduring impact of chaebols’ previous colonial experience on the current relationship between their religious affiliations and social contributions.

RNA Interference in Agriculture: Methods, Applications, and Governance

RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally occurring gene silencing mechanism conserved across organisms with a clearly defined cell nucleus (eukaryotes). Gene silencing by RNAi through the degradation of a target messenger RNA (mRNA) has historically been used as a research tool to study the function of genes. Over the past two decades, silencing of vital genes through RNAi has been explored for agricultural applications, including managing plant insect pests and pathogens, improving plant agronomic traits, and increasing consumer desirability of food. Using RNAi for crop protection is especially attractive because of its high specificity, which minimizes unintended effects on non-target organisms and improves the safety profile of RNAi products. This paper describes how RNAi functions, its current applications in agriculture, the current regulatory views of RNAi-based pesticides, and concludes with a discussion of current challenges for the commercial application of RNAi in agriculture. The content presented is intended to serve as a resource for regulatory agencies, policy and lawmakers, private and public institutions, and the general public to inform regulatory assessments and consumer choice decisions.

Instrumento brasileiro para investigação de eventos adversos na saúde: estudo de validação

Abstract Objective To build the Brazilian instrument for investigating adverse health events and evaluate the evidence of content validity and the response process. Methods This psychometric study was conducted according to the Standards for Education and Psychological Testing in the following stages: search for evidence of content validity and response process. In the content evidence, 46 experts from all regions of Brazil participated. In the response process, 76 professionals from 31 health institutions participated. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program was used for the distribution of quantitative variables and synthesis, via the calculation of descriptive statistics. In the content evidence stage, the acceptable Content Validity Ratio (CVR) greater than the expected critical CVR for N judges was used; the critical CVR of 0.35 was used in this study. The focus group has been performed for the response process. Results In total, 46 experts participated in the content validation stage, predominantly training nurses (84.8%), and nurses who graduated 11 years ago (60.7%) or more. The results obtained for each level in content validation were as follows: levels I, II, and III respectively presented the following CVR values: 0.88, 0.76, and 0.97. In the response process stage, adjustments to the nomenclature and sequence of steps were performed. Conclusion Building and validating the first Brazilian Instrument for Investigating Adverse Events in Health was possible with the necessary sources to ensure the content and response process. The best evidence articulated with national and international references was considered, making it possible to improve investigation systems in private and public health institutions.

Institutional Corruptionand Economic performance Nexus:AnEmpirical analysis with evidence from Nigeria

Corruption has emerged as a multifaceted challenge severely impacting the Nigerian economy in recent times. The impetus behind this study stems from the recognition that no sector, whether private, public, local or traditional institution can claim to be free from corruption. The primary objective is to examine the potential repercussions of institutional corruption on the productive performance of the Nigerian economy. Employing the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) methodology and rooted in the endogenous growth theory, the study underscores that corruption is a hindrance to economic performance in Nigeria, as supported by evidence-based research and documented cases of corrupt practices in the country.In summary, the comprehensive view reveals that corruption detrimentally affects Nigeria's economic performance in various aspects. The study concludes that the effectof corruption on the productive performance of Nigeria is alarming and has manifested adverseconsequences for the economyand if Nigeria fails to combat corruption, the nation risks facing dire consequences due to its pervasive presence.The policy recommendations emphasizedthatthe Nigeria government should streamline and harmonize all forms of monetary transactions and payments in the country using the treasury single account (TSA), National identification number (NIN), the bank verification number (BVN) and all forms of electronic payment systems into a single digital platform and link such digital platform with the various anti-graft agencies for periodic monitoring. This will drastically reduce corruption and transactions with physical cash.Secondly, the Nigerian governmentshouldto demonstrate the political will to prosecute individuals involved in corrupt practices, regardless of their tribe, religion, or political affiliation. Such stringent actions are crucial as deterrents for others. These findings align with the ongoing institutional restructuring agenda widely advocated in Nigeria.

SPECIFIČNOSTI KONCEPTA STRATEGIJE MARKETINGA JAVNIH I PRIVATNIH ZDRAVSTVENIH USTANOVA

In the modern healthcare sector, effective marketing strategies are becoming increasingly important for both public and private healthcare institutions. This paper analyzes the specifics of marketing strategies used in these types of healthcare institutions, with the aim of identifying key differences and similarities in approaches and implementation of marketing activities. The results show that private healthcare institutions often emphasize personalized services, patient care and innovative technologies in their marketing campaigns, while public institutions focus on accessibility, reliability and quality of services supported by government resources. Although there are differences in approaches, they have in common that they strive to build trust and long-term relationships with patients. Therefore, the results of the work can be especially used by the management of health institutions in order to improve their marketing strategies and improve the quality of health services.

COUNTING THE COSTS: THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF GHANA’S FREE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL POLICY ON HOUSEHOLD POVERTY IN GHANA

This study investigates the unexpected repercussions of Ghana's Free Senior High School (FSHS) program on household poverty, with a particular emphasis on household savings. Structured interviews were used to obtain primary data from a purposive sample of 130 parents and 8 schools, including both private and public institutions. The study unveils that the FSHS policy has led to several unintended negative outcomes, including higher financial expenses, longer periods spent at home, lower academic achievement, inadequate infrastructure, overcrowded classrooms, insufficient meal provision, lack of teaching materials, and an increase in teenage pregnancies. The results of multiple linear regression analyses show that compared to increased financial stress, high rates of teenage pregnancy, lack of educational resources, low academic performance, extended amounts of time spent at home, and inadequate nutrition, have a significant negative effect on monthly household savings. The perceived unnecessary nature of the school list also significantly contributes to the adverse effect on household savings. The study suggests that the criteria for giving schools prospectus should be reviewed to verify that they are essential and cost-effective, which would help to reduce excessive expenses for parents. Furthermore, it promotes ongoing engagement with parents, educators, and community stakeholders to collect feedback and improve the FSHS program in accordance with their experiences and requirements. An effective monitoring and evaluation structure is crucial for routinely assessing the effects of the FSHS program, utilizing data to inform adjustments in policy and practice.

Adaptação e Evidências Psicométricas da Work Volition Scale - Student no Brasil

Abstract The Psychology of Working Theory has achieved notable prominence in career studies for its focus on how various - both individual and contextual - influence careers and job outcomes. “Volition” stands out as one of the key elements of this theory, representing the individuals’ ability to make career choices despite obstacles. This study aimed to adapt and validate both internal and external structures of the Work Volition Scale - Student Version (WVS-SV) to Brazil. A total of 590 university students from public and private institutions of varied courses and semesters, mostly women (59%), took part in the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale effectively measured two dimensions: volition and constraints. External evidence, including satisfaction with life and career, supported the theoretical aspects of this construct. The results indicated good psychometric properties of the scale to the Brazilian setting, contributing to a better understanding of career choices among university students.

PHILOSOPHIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION THE ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTION IN TIMOR-LESTE: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE (2024)

Introduction : Starting with the foundations of the old Traditional Philosophy of Administration that was in force in a generalized way in the countries, and about the so-called pure modern systems that emerged after the English and French revolutions, it will also be addressed the evolution that has occurred in these philosophiessince their creation, until the present day, and if this evolution tends to separate them more and more or to bring them closer together, evaluating or appreciating how the philosophy of administrative institutionin Timor-Leste has been established and also influenced up to the present time, and what may be its future, of continued development. Objectives: Tofacilitate public or general understanding of the origins and evolution of existing philosophies of administrative institutions and to frame the organizational philosophy in an administrative system of Timor-Leste to aid its assimilation, facilitating communications and discussions related to the process of development and evolution of the present most appropriate system or philosophy in the country. Research of Methodology: It is elaborated or made deductive, and based on literary and legislative research work, whose sources will be cited in the bibliography of the academic study in consistency the theoretic framework in research guide. Conclusion: To be achieved in order to deepen and improve our knowledge of the main philosophies of administrative institutions and their evolution over time. At the same time, analysing the origins of the philosophy of administrative organisation in Timor-Leste, ascertaining the present state of the same and assessing or appreciating where philosophy is heading in the system of administrative organization in Timor-Leste, is grounded in the public and private institution cited by (Corte Real AG & Faria V.S., 2024).

Motivation of Learning English Language by The Administrative and Academic Support Staff at Workplace in A Private Sector University in Karachi

Introduction: Recently, institutions have promoted English language ability among personnel to improve communication with students and professors. Many employees may lack motivation to learn or use English at work. Language learning motivation might be integrative, instrumental, or both. This study examines administrative and academic support staff's English learning motivation at a Karachi private institution. Problem Statement: Some university staff may lack motivation to study English, despite its relevance. Staff English language acquisition strategies can benefit from understanding motivation. Methodology: This quantitative study assessed administrative and academic support staff English learning motivation. Data was acquired using a modified Kitjaroonchai (2012) questionnaire. Participants' motivation mean scores were interpreted using Degang (2010). Mean scores and standard deviation were used in data analysis. Results/Findings: The study found that most participants were very motivated to learn English interactively and instrumentally. This implies that Karachi's private university's administrative and academic support staff value language acquisition. Future Direction: Future research could identify the causes of this study's high motivation. Interventions to improve English language learning and staff assistance could also be tested. Understanding and tackling motivation hurdles can help university personnel learn English

The achievement of digital leadership sustainability and business performance through the implementation of business intelligence, artificial intelligence, and quality learning in private universities in Jordan

The objective of research is to explore the impact of business intelligence systems, artificial intelligence, and digital leadership sustainability on the quality of learning and business performance at business schools of private universities in Jordan. Upon gathering and scrutinizing the research materials, a grand total of 281 samples were judged suitable for analysis using PLS software. The findings of this study suggest that the implementation of business intelligence systems, artificial intelligence, and digital leadership sustainability positively contribute to improving both the quality of learning and the performance of enterprises. The results demonstrate that the implementation of a business intelligence system, and Competitive Intelligence, directly and positively impacts the enhancement of learning quality and company performance. Furthermore, Artificial intelligence has a positive influence on the quality of learning and the performance of businesses, namely through the utilization of Deep learning, Digital Data, Graphical Processing Unit (GPU), and Data Safety and Security. Furthermore, digital leadership sustainability exerts a direct and favorable impact on the caliber of education and organizational achievement, encompassing Digital Competence, Flexibility and Agility, Interconnected Thinking, and Employee Orientation. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the level of education, encompassing Summative Assessment, Formative Assessment, Quizzes, and Presentations, is positively associated with enhancing firm productivity. Curiously, the present results contradict previous studies suggesting that the variables being examined had an influence on achieving digital leadership sustainability and business performance. Generally, the main research outcomes recommend that corporations should start adopting strategies related to enhancing learning effectiveness and improving business performance. This research focuses on the major aspects of business cleverness systems, artificial intelligence, and digital leadership sustainability to enhance the quality of learning and business performance in the business capabilities of private institutions of higher education in Jordan.

Fear of the unknown: Experience of frontline healthcare workers with coping strategies used to face the COVID 19 pandemic.

The COVID 19 pandemic presented various challenges among health care workers, one of them being the impact it has on mental health. The psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, insomnia and stress, all consequences of the pandemic cause psychopathological outcomes reverberating negatively on the emotional well-being of health care workers. This study aimed to explore the experience of frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a middle-income country in Latin America and to identify the coping mechanisms they used to face stressful situations during this time. A qualitative study based on an interpretative paradigm was conducted allowing to examine complex, ambiguous and emotionally loaded topics to explore in detail the experience of frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through convenience sampling eleven frontline HCWs were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. An inductive analysis was done with four pre-established categories: the experience of HCWs during the attention of COVID-19 patients, the experience during their own infection, the experience during the work reintegration and the coping mechanisms used. Our results show that fear and uncertainty predominated throughout the attention of COVID-19 patients. Participants used both coping strategies based on problem-solving efforts, such as routine changes, and emotional management efforts, like social support or psychological counselling. The choice of coping strategies was influenced by their personal beliefs, past emotional experiences, and prior medical formation. These findings provide public and private institutions insight for creating effective policies, based on the HCWs' preferences, to promote their psychological well-being.

Fatores que influenciam a sobrevivência das micro e pequenas empresas no Brasil

Abstract Purpose: This article studies which sets of variables, besides credit and profitability, influence the survival of micro and small enterprises (MSE) over time. Originality/value: This study innovates in presenting independent variables related to a common objective, contributing to the literature by identifying factors, including financial ones, that can influence MSE survival in a single model, which has not yet been identified in the literature. Therefore, acquiring knowledge that stimulates changes in the behavior of entrepreneurs, public authorities, stakeholders, and private institutions related to the subject is expected to promote the creation of new management tools, which can decrease the closure of several MSEs within a short time of operation. Design/methodology/approach: Secondary data from the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District relative to the period between 2008 and 2012 were used. Reduced equation models with estimation utilizing a Tobit were used, as the dependent variable is censored, in addition to the OLS method with fixed effects panel and robust error, with equivalent results. The factor analysis by the principal component method (FA-PCM) was used in the data analysis. Findings: The results showed significant factors for MSE survival, such as the need for employment and income, investments in health, access to financing, and, mostly, the importance of education, among others. Moreover, the study demystifies that the leading cause of MSE death is the lack of credit, as there is too much credit on the market, either through banks or investors.

The Role of Some Selected Notable Northern Nigerian First Ladies Towards Human Development and Woman Emancipation in Nigeria

This study analysed the activities of some selected prominent first ladies in northern Nigeria and how they impacted on the lives of the needy within the societies around them and beyond. The paper focused on the activities of their pet projects which served as a means of providing development projects through fund raising from public and private institutions. The funds realised was geared towards human development and capacity building to empower the communities and societies around them. The paper analysed both primary and secondary sources of data in order to extract reliable information for the purpose of this study. Through the exercise of their influence, First Ladies have been able to establish pet projects with funds raised from public institutions, corporate organisations and international donor agencies. In the light of this, the paper studies the efforts of first Ladies which have contributed significantly to human development index of the target group and has provided strategic platform for women mobilization and consciousness in public affairs.

자애(Metta)명상과 ADHD 청소년의 또래 관계 개선에 관한 연관성 연구

This paper is a study that revealed that Metta meditation helps improve peer relationships among young people with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). I hope that young people living with ADHD symptoms can recognize differences in viewpoints of people around them with a negative perspective, recognize differences for themselves through psychological and emotional stability by combining medication and Buddhist meditation to solve external problems, and they will live a happy life as a member of society by improving their self-esteem and developing interpersonal skills by utilizing their strengths and weaknesses with people around them. 
 Its purpose is to find out how Buddhist meditation can influence healing in ADHD adolescents in relation to peer relationships. Countries, local communities, and private institutions are studying various methods and establishing new organizations to try to solve problems. But It seems difficult to find a fundamental solution. Therefore, this study aims to approach solutions for young people with ADHD through Buddhist meditation from a Buddhist perspective.
 In this article, I first examined the theoretical background of improving peer relationships and Metta meditation, and considered Metta meditation. We also discussed whether there is a possibility of improving peer relationships among young people with ADHD. Metta meditation is a literature review that reveals that emotional composure has the opposite effect of improving interpersonal skills due to excellent coping ability.
 Through this study, it has been revealed that adolescents with ADHD are immature in interaction in peer relationships due to lack of performance in social skills due to lack of attention deficit hyperactivity, and impulsiveness characteristics. Also, adolescents with they have difficulty controlling their emotions and have a tendency to be less responsive to questions than efficiently communicating information. On the other hand, it has been proven that charity meditation stimulates the right brain, activates parasympathetic nerves, increases endorphins in the brain, and is effective in improving peer relationships with positive emotions. Through Metta meditation, ADHD adolescents can look forward to the effect of developing personal resources and helping them resolve conflicts in relationships with peers or people around them by looking at their minds.

Effects of Electricity Demand on Economic Growth in Nigeria

The study examined the effects of electricity demand on economic growth over a period of year 2000 to 2022. The objective is to examine the extent to which electricity demand has positively impacted the economic growth. The study utilized the covariance, multi-regression error correction model and Durbin-watson test. The study concluded that there is positive impact of electricity demand on economic growth in Nigeria. The results also show long and short run positive and significant correlation between electricity demand and real gross domestic production, electricity access and RGDP, electricity production from oil, gas and coal and RGDP. This study therefore recommends investment at private and public levels should be encouraged to increase electricity supply to meet with the customers’ rising electricity demands. Finally, government should enforce law directing private operators in distribution electricity to provide prepaid metering system to public institutions, private institutions and the remaining households of the country. Keywords: Economic growth, Electric power Consumption, Electricity access, Electricity demand, Electricity production

Private Universities Survive and Thrive: From a Leadership and Human Resource Perspective

Private higher education institutions have encountered challenges in adapting to the dynamic landscape of change, prompting them to implement diverse tactics in order to ensure their survival. This study used a library research methodology to examine the techniques employed by private institutions in response to disruptive circumstances from leadership and human resource perspective, with a focus on their ability to adapt and thrive. The data collecting process adheres to the five stages of the historical method, which include the selection of a topic and the acquisition of relevant evidence, the examination of the sources from which the evidence is derived, the assessment of the evidence itself, the analysis and interpretation of the gathered evidence, and the presentation of the evidence together with a concluding statement. A comprehensive examination of the techniques implemented by the private university has yielded a typology consisting of four primary strategies: survival, synchronising, stretching, and supremacy. The four techniques exhibit interrelation and potential overlap in some instances. Nevertheless, survival is indicative of a strategy centred around survival. The act of stretching and synchronising contributes to the enhancement of survival and the potential for growth. Additionally, the implementation of a supremacy strategy has the ability to establish a favourable long-term image and foster positive connections with important stakeholders. These techniques have the potential to support the survival and further growth of private higher education in the current period of change.

Organizational Learning and Performance of Nepalese Banks

This study delves into the significance of organizational learning in Nepalese public and private banking institutions, with a focus on understanding its impact on operational efficiency. Employing a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the research scrutinizes the relationship between organizational learning and bank performance, utilizing primary data gathered through a descriptive methodology. Drawing from a sample of 3 public and 11 private banks, encompassing 560 questionnaires with 40 respondents from each institution, the investigation reveals a substantial and positive correlation between organizational learning and the performance metrics of banks in Nepal. These findings underscore the importance of fostering organizational learning initiatives, suggesting profound implications for enhancing operational efficiency and effectiveness within the Nepalese banking sector. Moreover, the research underscores the pivotal role of organizational learning as a fundamental driver of capable functioning in both public and private sector banks. By elucidating the symbiotic relationship between organizational learning achievements and banking performance, the study advocates for managerial attention towards cultivating a learning-oriented atmosphere within these financial entities. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the intrinsic value of organizational learning as a strategic force for enhancing the performance dynamics of Nepalese banks, advocating for sustained managerial investment in nurturing a culture conducive to continuous learning and knowledge acquisition.

Labour and Employment Policy: Opportunities and Challenges for Undergraduate Students

The purpose of the study is to identify specific needs that will contribute to the employment opportunities of undergraduate students in the workplace with appropriate conditions. The presented article discusses the mechanisms of employment and promotion of undergraduate students, which, on the one hand, will improve the socio-economic status of students, and on the other hand, will help them combine work and study. Based on the review of the international literature and as a result of the conducted quantitative research, the circumstances and features promoting the employment of students were studied, the challenges faced by undergraduate students in Georgia during employment were analyzed and identified. As a result of the obtained data, such hindering circumstances of employment were determined, such as unsuitable work schedule, lack of student work in the labour market, low interest of employers in employing students, wages and working hours. Based on the sources, approaches, practices and mechanisms in the world focused on the promotion of student employment, which in itself improves the socio-economic status of students and increases their motivation to study, have been identified. The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of mechanisms promoting the employment of undergraduate students and generalizes them in relation to the existing international practice. The focus is on the lack of student jobs in the labour market, access problems and their causes. The subject of the research is the state policy of promoting the employment of undergraduate students, and the object of the research is current undergraduate students of private and state educational institutions of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara. The main task of the work is to study the attitudes of students, educational institutions and employers towards the employment of students in jobs with appropriate working conditions, to identify gaps and develop recommendations. Research methods such as analysis and synthesis, systematic, inductive-deductive, statistical and comparative-legal were used in the research process. As a result of the research, it was determined that the system cannot respond to the challenges related to student employment.

Plagiarism Awareness and Practices Engagement: Evidence from Adeleke University Basic Medical Sciences Undergraduate Students

Plagiarism is of great concern in diverse fields of human endeavour, including the basic medical sciences, especially with many trained undergraduates [after degree completion] venturing into academics where they need to publish. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between plagiarism awareness level and plagiarism practices engagement level by basic medical sciences undergraduates while also knowing plagiarism types and reasons for plagiarism. The study covered all the basic medical sciences undergraduates of a foremost private institution in South-West Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Purposive sampling was applied to the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, with all five academic departments investigated. Then, the total enumeration technique was employed because the target group was manageable and had well-defined characteristics. In all, 296 usable copies of the questionnaire were found worthy of being analysed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation scores were employed. Inferential statistics - Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was also adopted. The study’s result showed that the students know about all the listed plagiarism types and they mostly cited the pressure to turn in written assignments/works, followed by timely access to information to meet deadlines and then the deadline to turn in group work as reasons for plagiarism. Further, there was a significant relationship and positive correlation between the plagiarism awareness level and plagiarism practices engagement level of the students.

Educational Attainment of People with Disabilities

Individuals with disabilities exhibit lower educational achievements. This research analyzes the successful educational attainment of individuals with disabilities by comparing government and private educational institutions, gender, and residential location. The research methodology includes descriptive analysis and probit regression to compare independent variables (family size, location, gender) concerning educational achievements. The results indicate disparities in achievements between both educational institutions, with private institutions showing a higher tendency to achieve higher educational levels. The analysis also highlights the importance of considering specific factors such as location and gender in accessing education. This study underscores the necessity for inclusive educational policies that consider social factors to provide equal opportunities for individuals with disabilities within public school environments.