Printing Press Research Articles

Exploring the role of knowledge in predicting reading and listening comprehension in fifth grade students

Various knowledge sources have been hypothesized to relate to individual differences in reading comprehension skill in developing readers. We present results from two studies using explanatory item-response models to examine the unique role of knowledge in predicting reading and listening comprehension in 5th grade students (mean age of 10.77 years). In study 1, we investigated the importance of different knowledge sources for comprehending grade-level passages. Participants were 254 students with a range of reading abilities. We found that passage-specific topic familiarity, general academic knowledge, and vocabulary knowledge were all significantly associated with the probability of correctly answering questions about a passage. In study 2, we examined the possible transfer mechanisms that allow knowledge in one area to influence comprehension in a related but unfamiliar area. Participants were 26 students embedded in an Interactive Humanities course focusing on the Renaissance period. Students listened to parallel passages on Guttenberg and the printing press and Twitter use in the Arab Spring and answered comprehension questions. The probability of answering a question about the novel Twitter passage was significantly predicted by the ability to answer the corresponding question on the familiar printing press passage. Results point to the importance of knowledge sources in accounting for variance in comprehension performance.

The First Sinhala Tripiṭakaya Translation: De Zoysa’s ‘Protestant’ Buddhist Project for Mass Literacy in Twentieth Century Sri Lanka

Though the Tripiṭaka was and still remains central to Theravāda Buddhism, Sri Lankan Buddhists had not taken serious steps until the middle of the twentieth century to systematically translate the Tripiṭaka into Sinhala. Among various initiatives, A.P. de Zoysa’s Sinhala Tripiṭakaya project (1950–1968) which consisted of 48 volumes, achieved a remarkable feat of success and still stands out. As an unsurpassed, noble ‘Protestant’ initiative of a single lay Buddhist, de Zoysa completed the translation of the entire Pāḷi canon into Sinhala within a decade (1950–1958). Had not de Zoysa taken up that pioneering, challenging and formidable task, Buddhists on the island would have been compelled to wait another three decades to see the completion of the Buddha Jayanthi Tripiṭaka Granthamālā (1954–1989). The Sinhala Tripiṭakaya reached many temples and homes as never before and became a beneficial resource for monastic students in their learning. The vernacular translation made the Tripiṭaka central again in the lives of Theravāda Buddhists by filling a gap that was left open wide for nearly a century since the Buddhists first acquired the printing press in the early years of the 1860s. Though some were critical of de Zoysa’s initiative, he accomplished a formidable task by producing an elegant Sinhala Tripiṭakaya to attract a wider readership. With a focus on the Tripiṭaka translation, this article examines facets of academic life and intellectual work of A.P. de Zoysa (1890–1968), who single-handedly embarked on translating the Tripiṭaka into Sinhala and both the religious and historical significance of that project in enhancing Buddhist understanding of the Buddha’s teachings by reaching out to a broader local, vernacular audience.

An Analysis of the History and Development of the Printing Press as Critique of Technological Determinism

An Analysis of the History and Development of the Printing Press as Critique of Technological Determinism

اردو میں دینی ادب (انیسویں صدی کے نِصف اوّل میں)

Religious texts played a significant role in the advancement of Urdu prose during the early period of Urdu literature. In the late seventeenth century, some religious books were written or translated from Arabic and Persian, albeit with limited scope and circulation. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, however, this practice gradually increased. Some important factors contributed to this growth. Firstly, the social, moral and religious milieu of the sub-continent experienced deterioration. Secondly, the introduction of the modern printing press paved way for the publication of books in large numbers. Thirdly, Christian missionaries propagated their religious views to convert the locals. All these factors provoked different scholars to massively compose religious books in Urdu. These scholars focused on the themes like Qur’ānic exegesis, translation of the Holy Prophet’s traditions, amelioration of social life, and rebuttal of the Missionaries’ arguments. This article reviews and evaluates the religious prose of the first half of the nineteenth century in the said context.

XVII. Yüzyıl Batılı Seyyahların Eserlerinde ve Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesinde Etnik Klişeleştirme

In the seventeenth century, compared to other times, a large number of European travelers visited the Ottoman Empire and published these visits in the form of travelogues, a genre that was widely read in Europe at that time. While this is the situation in Europe, there was no printing press in the Ottoman Empire yet; it was not common to travel without a compelling reason such as public work or business. The visits of European travelers to the Ottoman Empire lead them to observe the Ottoman society and the members of the Ottoman society to observe them.. While reading the European side of these observations from travel books, it is possible to read the Ottoman side from the travel book of Evliya Çelebi, which is the only work of this scale currently known. Looking at these observations, it is seen that each side defines the other with a set of stereotypes that are mostly ungrounded . The use of the term "ethnic stereotyping" in studies in the field belongs to Robert Dankoff. Some of these clichés have lost in time, and some have paved the way for ethnic and religious stereotypes that exist today. Our aim in this study is to identify these ethnic-based stereotypes used by some Western travelers who visited the Ottoman lands in the seventeenth century, and Evliya Çelebi and to compare the ways in which the parties perceive each other.
 As a result of the research, it was seen that; Western travelers in the seventeenth century had various prejudices about not only Turks living here but also other Christian groups, and these prejudices led to some stereotypes. However, a similar attitude is also valid for Evliya Çelebi for the same period. Evliya Çelebi also used various stereotypes related to many ethnic groups, including Turks.

Phakirmohan’s Short Stories: A Study in the context of renaissance

Phakirmohan was one of the pioneer authors of early Odia literature. He established the first printing press in Odisha. Though he started writing at a later age, his novels are masterpieces. His story ‘Rebati’ is the first written short story in Odia literature. He has written only twenty stories. His stories are nothing other than the socio-cultural picture of that time. When Phakirmohan started writing stories about the period of renaissance in India and Odisha, his stories were important in this context. In his stories, he has vividly discussed the dowry, children’s education, the feudatory system, earning wealth by dishonesty, different socio-cultural beliefs of that period, the character, and behaviours of newly educated people, etc., and takes the role of the social reformer. In this paper, I attempted to explore his role as a social reformer throughout the renaissance period and how he successfully depicted that in his works.

Spirit Tech: The Brave New World of Consciousness Hacking and Enlightenment Engineering. By Wesley J. Wildman and Kate StocklyReligion and the Technological Future: An Introduction to Biohacking, Artificial Intelligence, and Transhumanism. By Calvin Mercer and Tracey J. Trothern

Religion and technology are constant companions who are often treated as strange bedfellows. Our perception of technology’s newness—the shiny chrome and bright twinkling lights of the “latest thing” that has caught our eye—often seems to stand in contrast to the deeply embedded “old” traditions we commonly understand as religion or spirituality, even though there is a long history of religious uses of technology, from the obvious, such as the printing press, to the less obvious, like the now-ubiquitous church website. Some might even consider religion itself a technology, a human-created device for navigating our world, or a technology of the self in the Foucauldian sense. However, in Spirit Tech: The Brave New World of Consciousness Hacking and Enlightenment Engineering, we are again being told that we are in shocking new territory as spirituality uses new technologies (xiii). And in Religion and the Technological Future: An Introduction to Biohacking, Artificial Intelligence, and Transhumanism, we are told, nigh on apocalyptically, that “the religions of the world will come to an end, or thrive, depending on how they respond to the topic of this book” (3). Both books are catalyzed and enthused by technologies from the past few years. Still, they tackle their emergence and impact in radically different ways, and in doing so provide very different resources to the reader.

Ahtar Gazetesi’nin Doğuş Serüveni ve İran Matbuatındaki Yeri ve Öneminin İncelenmesi

In this study, the place occupied by Akhtar newspaper in the Iranian printing press and the rationale for its emergence and publication adventure were examined by focusing on the importance of the newspaper. Ahtar has been a unique newspaper that has been growing in influence and surroundings since the first day it started publication. So much so that the group gathered around him was called the Ahteri sect. The newspaper has become a pioneer and model for Persian-language newspapers that will be published both outside Iran and inside Iran after him. The topics covered in the Ahtar newspaper range from politics to law, from literature to history, from education to trade. In order to enlighten Persian speakers in the political field, Akhtar has explained concepts such as civilization, freedom, equality, nation, homeland and ittihad-ı Islam and reinterpreted them by observing the conditions of the period. Ahtar newspaper informed people in Iran, the Caucasus, and India about these issues by including constitutional and constitutional debates in the Ottoman Empire in the newspaper. Key Words: Ahtar Newspaper, Persian, Iranian Printing Press, Ottoman Empire

Infiniittiset verbirakenteet raumalaisessa Westhin koodeksissa ja Mikael Agricolan Käsikirjassa

Finnish written language was created through translation. Liturgical texts began to emerge, as the Protestant Reformation reached Finland in 1530s. Codex Westh is one of the oldest manuscripts written in Finnish. The core part of the codex contains an Agenda (schemata of ecclesiastical ceremonies) dating from 1546. Mikael Agricola, the celebrated founder of the Finnish literary language, submitted corresponding material to the printing press some years later (1549). As a common and homogenous Finnish language did not yet exist at that time, the texts translated from Swedish sources by Westh and Agricola were partly different. This study examines the use of non-finite verb forms and verbal constructions in the Agendas of Westh and Agricola. The results of analysis illustrate that, consistent with previous knowledge of the nature of contact-induced changes and different translation strategies, significant changes have taken place in those parts of the Finnish modal verb system that have provided various alternative solutions or system gaps to be filled with new types of syntactic constructions following the model given by source languages. Structural borrowing from Swedish and Latin can be seen in both translations, and Westh especially seems to have ended up with simple and partly unidiomatic routines when choosing Finnish counterparts to Swedish modal constructions.

Considerations on the art of the book from the reign od Saint Constantin Brancoveanu

A prominent figure in Romanian culture and spirituality, Saint Constantin Brancoveanu, Prince of Wallachia from 1688 to 1714, established an era characterized by prosperity, supported culture and education, made donations and played the role of protector of schools and printing. During his reign, elegant manuscripts were made as well as books in which the printing art shone through the mastery of engravings or the technical perfection of the printing press. The Greek Romanian Gospel of 1693, illustrated by talented archbishop Antim Ivireanul, represents a typographical masterpiece in which the care for the printed text mingles with the richness and the refinement of decorative elements. Apart from the printing of countless beautifully illustrated church books, the prince’s collaboration with holy archbishop Antim Ivireanul also resulted in the complete establishment of the Romanian language in liturgy.

Research Paper on Screen Printing Machine for Cylindrical Shape

Abstract: Screen printing is a technique of applying a pressure of certain quantity of colouring agent into a specified surface to form a text and lot of development is taken place. Screen printing has application in Wedding cards, Stickers printing, T-shirts, Business cards and textile industries. We have introduced a screen printing machine for cylindrical shape. Cylindrical Screen Printing equipment prints cylindrical objects with a flat printing screen. It works for printed objects like bottles, buckets, drums, etc. Cylindrical printing press can put a more thick, clear color than label printing. At the same time, with its direct color putting, an automatic cylinder printing equipment may finish the all printing process only needing you to put the object on the enter. Keywords: Screen Printing , cylindrical shape

Imperial Rule and Long-Run Development: Evidence on the Role of Human Capital in Ottoman Europe

This study examines the effects of Ottoman imperial rule on long-run development in Europe. Using a novel geographical dataset that tracks territorial changes at the sub-national level over 600 years, we identify a negative effect of Ottoman rule on modern economic performance. Contemporary survey data provides strong support for a causal mechanism involving reduced human capital accumulation. This insight is confirmed by a regression discontinuity analysis using historical data from Romania. We uncover large causal effects of Ottoman rule on literacy rates from the 19th century, which persisted throughout the 20th century. We argue that the late adoption of the printing press in the empire was an important determinant of low human capital accumulation and illustrate this using data on the spread of the printing press.

‘Supertanker is a Hero, the Government a Villain’: Politicization of Chile’s 2017 Forest Fires in the Media

This article analyses the politicization of natural disasters in the media and the narratives of crisis that contribute to these dynamics. In particular, it studies media coverage of the 2017 mega-fires in Chile and the way in which this coverage was framed by pre-existing political disputes over the performance of Michelle Bachelet’s government (2014–2018). It examines the print press coverage of the mega-fires, and the framing contests used to interpret the fire crisis. It pays special attention to the controversies that erupted over the foreign planes that were sent to help fight the fires: the American Supertanker and the Russian Ilyushin. We argue that press coverage of the mega-fires transformed a natural-social phenomenon into an emotionally charged political drama in which the Supertanker airplane was signified as the hero, and the Chilean government the villain. The Supertanker played a condensation symbol role. It was cast in the media as an external hero promising to control the fires that had overwhelmed local capabilities, and to overcome a government that was portrayed as inefficient and late to respond. The media functioned as an echo chamber for the cultural battle between the government and opposition. This article contributes to a cultural sociology of disasters, paying special attention to the role played by the symbolic representation of nature and socio-technical artefacts in political disputes.

A Whole Carnal Stereophony: The Wooster Group Stages Brecht

A Whole Carnal Stereophony: The Wooster Group Stages Brecht

List of Books Published by the University of Santo Tomás Printing Press (1850-1872)

List of Books Published by the University of Santo Tomás Printing Press (1850-1872)

Implementasi Algoritma Apriori Pada Sistem Prediksi Pemesanan Spanduk Di Percetakan Cipta Aksara 3 Pagaralam

The purpose of this study was to implement a Banner Ordering Prediction System Using the Apriori Algorithm at Pagar Alam 3 Pagar Alam Cipta Aksara Printing. At Pagar Alam 3 Pagar Alam Cipta Aksara Printing, a problem was found, namely the difficulty in controlling the available banner-making production materials. When there are banner materials that are often purchased out of stock at the printing press, the printing owner must re-stock the materials and it takes a long time to provide the materials. With the Banner Ordering Prediction System Using the Apriori Algorithm, it was found that the association rules if consumers order 340 ingredients then consumers will order 280 ingredients with a 100% confidence value, if consumers order 280 materials & x-banners then consumers will order 280 ingredients with a confidence value of 100 %, the item if the consumer orders the sticker material, the consumer will order the material 280 with a confidence value of 93.10%, the item if the consumer orders the material 400 then the consumer will order the material 280 with a confidence value of 86.67% and the item if the consumer orders the material 280 then the consumer will order sticker material with a confidence value of 51.92%. With this system, it is hoped that it will simplify the process of providing material for making banners in the future. The system testing method uses Black Box Testing by testing input, output, update, delete, and button functions, with valid (appropriate) results.

Metabolic Health Profile of Employees in a Printing Press in Peshawar, Pakistan

<strong>Background:</strong> Printing press workers deal with printing inks that contain potentially hazardous chemicals and solvents. Present study was designed to determine the biochemical health profile of printing press workers. <strong>Methods:</strong> Cross sectional study was conducted in 50 printing press (male) workers and 20 non-printing press age matched (male) workers, who were not exposed to printing press environment but lived all around the printing press area. Non-fasting blood samples were collected, from both Workers and Non-Workers, for determining full blood counts, lipid profile, Uric acid and Creatinine. <strong>Results:</strong> Mean levels of cholesterol was 213 mg/dl (SD = ±13.0) vs 146 (SD = ±5.50), P = 0.04], triglycerides were 303 mg/dl (SD = ±16.9) vs 196 mg/dl (SD = ±7.13), P = 0.03 and LDL was 103 mmol/l (±3.32) vs 42.9 mmol/l (±2.57), P = 0.01 which were significantly higher in printing press workers than in Nonworkers. Additionally, mean total leukocyte count and total lymphocytes, were significantly higher 8590 (SD = ±830) vs. 7100 (SD = ±542) per cmm, P = 0.04 and 44.8 (SD = ±2.17) % vs. 33.1 (SD = ±1.85)% respectively, P = 0.02) while mean neutrophil count was significantly lower 46.3% (SD ± 1.97) vs. 59.7 % (SD ± 1.88) respectively, P = 0.03 in printing press workers than in Nonworkers. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Exposure to various chemicals in inks may put printing press workers at risk of poor biochemical profile which is an important risk factor for developing non-communicable diseases.

ZANZIBAR DURING THE REIGN OF SULTAN BARGHASH BIN SAID AL BUSAIDI (1870-1888 AD)

The research deals with the study of Zanzibar during the reign of Sultan Barghash bin Said Al Busaidi (1870-1888 AD), where the authority moved after the death of Sultan Majid bin Said Al Busaidi to be under the command of his brother Barghash, who played a major role on the political and civilized levels that led to the development of Zanzibar and made it among the areas referred to Her sons at that time. Sultan Barghash had diplomatic cunning and administrative intelligence that enabled him to achieve many achievements for Zanzibar and its residents, and he died in 1888, leaving a civilized history for Zanzibar that is still written in history. research importance: The importance of this research lies in that it sheds light on the conditions of Zanzibar during the reign of Sultan Barghash bin Said after the division of the Omani Empire, and the challenges it faced that led to the achievement of many achievements for Zanzibar in various fields. Search problem: The Omani Empire, which was established in Oman and Zanzibar during the reign of Sultan Sultan bin Said Al Busaidi, witnessed widespread fame. After the division that took place between the African and Asian sides, it was necessary to shed light on Zanzibar during the rule of the Al Busaid family over it and the great achievements they made for it in various aspects of civilization. Based on the foregoing, some questions were raised: Did the division of the Omani Empire affect Zanzibar after the death of Sultan Sultan bin Said? - Were there challenges faced by Sultan Barghash during his rule of Zanzibar? - What political roles did Sultan Barghash play in Zanzibar? What are the most important achievements of Sultan Barghash for Zanzibar? - How was the nature of relations between Oman and Zanzibar during the reign of Sultan Barghash? Research Objectives: The research aims to: Focusing on the political conditions of Zanzibar during the period of Sultan Barghash's rule. - Clarifying the cultural development witnessed by Zanzibar in various fields during the reign of Sultan Barghash. - Shedding light on the foreign political relations of Zanzibar during the reign of Sultan Barghash. - Tracing the challenges faced by Sultan Barghash during his rule of Zanzibar. Focusing on the relations between Oman and Zanzibar during the reign of Sultan Barghash. Key words: Zanzibar, Sultan Barghash, House of Wonders, The Royal Printing Press.

The Public Acquisition of Space Science Information in the 21st Century

The ways that humans acquire information is undergoing a fundamental change comparable with the introduction of Gutenberg's printing press and broadcast systems. Using the literature and a growing body of empirical evidence, including national surveys in 2017, 2019, and 2020, we describe a model of normal space science information acquisition that specifies the roles of education, salience, subject-matter literacy, and navigation skills in the decision to seek information. We contrast this normal model with two models of event-driven or special space science information acquisition, using (1) the 2017 total solar eclipse (TSE) and (2) the 50th anniversary of the first lunar landing in 1969 as examples. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of a just-in-time space science information acquisition system for the space science community, including scientists, leaders, and educators.

IMPLEMENTATION OF E-COMMERCE IN PERCETAKAN CITRA BERSAMA TANJUNGBALAI USING THE CRM METHOD

Citra Bersama Tanjungbalai Printing is a business engaged in selling printing products and services, established in 2006, located on Jalan Peninsula, Sirantau Village, Datuk Bandar District, Tanjungbalai City. The problem with Citra Bersama Printing is that it has not implemented an online sales system, it is difficult for customers to know about sales information in the printing press. There is no information system to carry out promotions, and the process of recording customer order data at the printing press is still doing it manually. Using the CRM method is a web-based printing product and service sales system that can help buyers find out various information and make it easier for buyers to place orders without coming directly to the printer. With the application of E-commerce using the CRM method, it can help Tanjungbalai Citra Bersama Printing carry out promotions and provide information related to the sale of products and services it markets to customers, and expand sales of products and services it markets because of promotional features, discount prices, customer data, live chat, and product ratings.