Journalism Research Articles

Geographic Variability, Seasonality, and Increase in ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Harmful Blue-Green Algae Calls-United States and Canada, 2010-2022.

Harmful cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) exposures can cause illness or death in humans and animals. We characterized American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) harmful blue-green algae (HBGA) call data, compared it to a measure of harmful algal bloom public awareness, and considered its suitability as a public health information source. ASPCA APCC dog and cat "HBGA exposure" calls made 1 January 2010-31 December 2022 were included. We calculated annual HBGA call percentages and described calls (species, month, origin, exposure route). We characterized public awareness by quantifying Nexis Uni® (LexisNexis Academic; New York, NY, USA)-indexed news publications (2010-2022) pertaining to "harmful algal bloom(s)". Call percentage increased annually, from 0.005% (2010) to 0.070% (2022). Of 999 HBGA calls, 99.4% (n = 993) were dog exposures. Over 65% (n = 655) of calls were made July-September, largely from the New England (n = 154 (15.4%)) and Pacific (n = 129 (12.9.%)) geographic divisions. Oral and dermal exposures predominated (n = 956 (95.7%)). Harmful algal bloom news publications increased overall, peaking in 2019 (n = 1834). Higher call volumes in summer and in the New England and Pacific geographic divisions drove HBGA call increases; public awareness might have contributed. Dogs and humans have similar exposure routes. ASPCA APCC HBGA call data could serve as a public health information source.

‘They blame the messenger’: Re-examining the critique of journalists reporting on genocide in Rwanda and Srebrenica

Reporting on cases of genocide presents distinct complexities and challenges for journalists, who must negotiate practical, professional, and emotional experiences that challenge traditional expectations of their role. Previous research has provided strident critiques of this reporting, arguing Western reporting of genocide in Rwanda and Srebrenica was reductionist and biased and contributed to the lack of Western intervention. Drawing on 22 interviews with print journalists who reported on genocides in Rwanda and Srebrenica, this article challenges this dominant critique by foregrounding the voices of journalists and their experience of reporting. Themes of inaccessibility, the moral imperative to report on these events, and the intersection with emotional labour on emotional effects of this reporting crucially demonstrates and acknowledges the challenges of conflict reporting. This adds to contemporary debates around how emotion, attachment and morality intertwine in journalism practice and the importance of this consideration when assessing the impact of reporting.

Development of Digital Competence Through Mobile Journalism at Trensains Muhammadiyah Senior High School, Sragen

Trensains Muhammadiyah Senior High School (SMA) Sragen is an excellent school managed by the Muhammadiyah Regional Leaders (PDM) in Sragen, Central Java. This school combines science and the Qur’an as Muhammadiyah’s flagship charity; it also combines Islamic, modern, and natural science schools. This school has also achieved many achievements. The problem is the lack of independent news publications (citizen journalism). Hence, knowledge regarding news production (mobile journalism) managed by teachers, employees, and students of SMA Trensains Muhammadiyah Sragen needs to be gained. Mobile journalism is one of the most important things because it provides digital competence for anyone with mobile journalism competence. To overcome this problem, two Community Service programs are delivered: increasing teacher competence in news writing in mobile journalism and increasing news publications and school achievement through digital media.

Mathematical Methods of Natural Language Processing in the System of Operative Determination of the Level of Tension in Society

Introduction. The most important factors causing an increase in the level of tension in society are crisis phenomena and information operations. Today, sociological surveys are considered the main way to determine the level of tension that arises in some group of people in connection with a certain event. However, this method does not allow obtaining detailed information about the dynamics of changes in tension associated with certain news events and the impact of these news events on the general level of tension in society, which complicates the decision-making process by government officials in crisis situations. The purpose of the work is to increase the situational awareness of representatives of state institutions regarding the current level of social tension provoked by crisis phenomena, news events or information operations. The information obtained will help government officials to make quick decisions to overcome these crisis phenomena and counter disinformation. The main task of the research is to develop the architecture and mathematical support of the system of operative determination of the level of tension in society based on data from social networks. Results. The architecture and mathematical support of the system of operative determination of the level of tension in society were developed. An example of the application of this system to determine the level of tension provoked by one news publication is demonstrated. The main advantages and disadvantages of the developed system, as well as directions for further research, are determined. Conclusions. The developed system of operative determination of the level of tension in society helps to quickly identify news events and news publications that have the greatest impact on increasing the level of social tension across the country at certain specific moments of time. The use of a system based on social networks makes it possible to build on the basis of current data such assessments, which can be used to study the dynamics of changes in social tension associated with a certain news event or news publication. Keywords: level of tension in society, social networks, sentiment analysis, TF-IDF, Word2vec, neural networks.

Responsibilities to the story, campaign(er), and profession: Exploring important considerations shaping Canadian print journalists' coverage of medical crowdfunding campaigns

AbstractMedical crowdfunding is growing in popularity in a number of countries, including Canada. In the crowdfunding context people write and share their own stories. This activity also intersects with conventional news media practices when journalists prepare stories about these campaigns. This intersection raises the question of what are print journalists' responsibilities towards covering human interest stories based on medical crowdfunding campaigns? In this qualitative analysis we explore this question through reporting on interviews conducted with 14 Canadian news media professionals. After transcript review, emergent themes were compared and contrasted across investigators to reach confirmation on the scope and scale of emergent themes. These themes were then contrasted against the existing literature and our research goals to aid in interpreting their significance. Thematic analysis of the interviews identified three key domains of responsibility for journalists, which are: to the story, to the campaign and campaigner, and to their profession.

Translation for International Publicity News: A Perspective of Cross-Cultural Pragmatics

Under the trend of global integration, international exchanges are becoming more and more thorough, and international publicity of China has been strengthened and expanded. As a powerful tool for international communication, international publicity news has attracted more attention to the selection and use of news content translation methods. Chinese international publicity work has produced great results in recent years, but the good and bad translations are intermingled. Due to the barrier of cross-cultural, “Chinglish” can be found in some translations, which not only impose a negative impact on the external publicity work, but also is not conducive to the objective and correct understanding of China in the world. From the perspective of cross-cultural pragmatics, this paper selects the international publicity news and translation method as the research object. The author makes a systematic study on the C- E (from Chinese to English) translation of publicity news. Based on the study of cross-cultural pragmatics and the characteristics of publicity news, the purpose is to make the original and the target discourses share the same function in communication. Therefore, to achieve effective and accurate publicity news translation and improve the quality in publicity news translation in order to better disseminates the culture in both sides.

Retracted: Research on Prediction of News Public Opinion Guiding Power Based on Neural Network

Retracted: Research on Prediction of News Public Opinion Guiding Power Based on Neural Network

The Response to the Initiation of the Artsakh Movement in the “Alik” Daily Newspaper

Key words: Perestroika, Nagorno-Karabakh, national movement, unification, national self-determination, Armenian Diaspora Press “Alik” is an Armenian daily newspaper published in Tehran (Iran). It was founded in March 1931. The newspaper has its own publishing house and printing premises, that publishes books in Armenian and Persian. The newspaper "Alik" covers the life of the Armenian communities, especially the events of a national character. The newspaper has a large information section, which contains substantial data about the events in Armenia, Artsakh and Javakhk, concerning all Armenians. Since Iran is a country adjacent to Armenia, the information in the newspaper, of course, prevails from Armenia. The Artsakh movement that started in February 1988, found a wide-response in the Armenian Press of the Middle East countries, as well as in the Tehran-based “Alik” Daily Newspaper. The newspaper addresses the events unfolded in Karabakh and Armenia with news information and publication from Sonet and foreign mass media. The publications of “Alik” indicate that the newspaper was aware of the background of the Karabakh problem, regarding which it shows a national and pro-Armenian position. The newspaper associates the rise of the Armenians movement with Gorbachev’s perestroika policy. Believing in the promises of solving national problems and developing democracy, the Armenians demanded self-determination and unification with mother Armenia. “Alik” considers the struggle of the Armenians fair, qualifies it as a claim of national ideology, the solution of which will put an end to historical injustice happened in the 1920s. In this respect, the paper urges the Armenians to unite and prepare for the fight, but simultaneously it calls on Armenians to be alert and careful with their demands.

State of the Art Machine Learning Techniques for Detecting Fake News

The social media has significantly changed how we communicate and exchange information throughout time. Along with it comes the issue of fake news' quick spread, which may have detrimental effects on both people and society. Fake news has been surfacing often and in enormous quantities online for a variety of political and economic goals. To increase the appeal of their publications, fake news publishers employ a number of stylistic strategies, one of which is stirring up readers' emotions. To increase the appeal of their publications, fake news publishers employ a number of stylistic strategies, one of which is stirring up the feelings of readers. As an outcome, it is now extremely difficult to analyses bogus news so that the creators may verify it through data processing channels without misleading the public. It is necessary to implement a system for fact-checking claims, especially those that receive thousands of views and likes before being disputed and disproved by reliable sources. Numerous machine learning algorithms have been applied to accurately identify and categories bogus news. A ML classifier was used in this investigation to determine if news was phony or authentic. On the dataset, the proposed model and other benchmark methods are assessed using the best characteristics. Results from the classification show that our suggested model (CNNs) performs better than the current models with a precision of 98.13%.

Dental Concerns of Patients with Mental Disabilities- A Review

Oral health plays an important role in patients suffering with mental disorders. It is important to focus on a multidisciplinary approach including psychiatrists, general practitioners, dental practitioners, psychologists and nutritionists. The most common dental diseases encountered in patients with mental disorders are dental caries and periodontal diseases. Thus, it is required to bridge the professional gap for maintaining adequate oral health and for diagnosing the mental health issues In the present review article, we emphasize an overview on providing the basic information about the dental concerns of patients with mental disability. The electronic database included Pub Med, Medline, Science Direct, Goggle Scholar using terms mental disability and Down syndrome etc. Relevant articles published in English on reference lists were identified and retrieved from electronic and print journals. Keywords: Dental practice, Mental disabilities; Oral health.

Socio-Political Interaction of Citizens and Authorities in the Context of Transport Innovations (Reform of Kuzbass Cities)

Introduction. Currently there is a tendency of intensity of manifestation of social and political relations in the socio-political interaction of the population and government representatives. Citizens in the conditions of network reactive communications in the information field, are included in the stages of planning and implementation of territorial administration, demonstrate a request for innovative projects, products and practices of interaction in the urban area. The purpose of the study in to study the nature and features of the socio-political interaction of citizens with the authorities in the mode of mastering transport innovations. Materials and Methods. During the check, the method of content analysis was applied. It was possible to obtain separate units of measurement – estimates of the use of financial innovation resources in the cities of Kemerovo and Novokuznetsk. The analysis of news portals and publications of city events, as well as public pages of communities in social networks, revealed active, loyal and passive categories of users of transport services, discovered and associated with the development of social innovations, including strategies for attitudes and behavior towards the movement of residents of the region. Results. The experience of passenger transport reform has shown the presence of contradictory civic assessments and requests for innovation, the population is confidently involved in active and responsible, judging by the statements of many residents, participation in the development and filling of the urban environment with new communication practices. As a result of the research, we have found slightly different strategies for mastering innovations. In Novokuznetsk, the initiators of the innovation chose a more dynamic and transport-oriented strategy. The main corrective and mobilizing stages were carried out directly in a given time lag. In Kemerovo, a strategy (model) of consistent incorporation of transport innovations into the existing scheme of urban communications was applied. There are noticeable differences in the use of instrumental, economic, cultural and social resources within the framework of the introduction of transport innovations. Discussion and Conclusion. According to the results of the research, it was possible to find the following areas that require the attention of researchers and managers: the relevance of network communications in relation to urban problems (“digital policy”); social communications of the urban population and the authorities in the conditions of reactive relations; transport passenger communication of the city (urban agglomeration). The study is of practical comparative interest in organizing innovative urban projects for sociologists, researchers of the territory, administrative and political managers.

WhatsAppening to the news in Brazil? A mixed-method study on news publishers’ struggle to adapt to WhatsApp’s inherent characteristics of mobile and interpersonal communication

After Facebook started prioritizing posts from family and friends on its newsfeed at the beginning of 2018, news consumption on social media increasingly migrated to other mobile applications such as WhatsApp. This has put pressure on media organizations to establish channels on the platform in an attempt to compensate for the decline in audience figures. Journalistic practices on WhatsApp remain poorly understood. Building on the “diffusion of innovations” theory, this article examines whether the way newsrooms have adapted to WhatsApp follows similar patterns to their adoption of social media for news distribution, or whether they have been able to develop new practices that fully consider the tool’s inherent characteristics of mobile and interpersonal communication. Focusing on Brazil as a case study, this study draws on the analysis of 8,855 messages sent to WhatsApp news channels and interviews with 21 editors and executives from publishers, and shows that newsrooms have hardly adapted to the possibilities of WhatsApp beyond its technological aspects. Audience engagement has often been neglected or has been addressed with a lack of consistency. According to the interviewees, constraints presented by WhatsApp, such as the large amount of manual work it requires of newsrooms, make it difficult for news organizations to adopt the platform to transform their relationship with their readers.

Regulating dependency: The political stakes of online platforms’ deals with French publishers

At a time when the news industry is struggling to cope with the dominance of the advertising market by large platforms, along with recent crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, commercial deals and regulatory initiatives are becoming increasingly common. While there is ample space for regulatory interventions seeking to level the playing field between news industry stakeholders and platforms, we are concerned these might further cement the dependency of the former on the latter through co-regulatory frameworks that epitomize the capture of vital infrastructures by platforms. This article examines the three-year negotiation of French news publishers with Google and Meta, which concluded with four framework agreements being signed. For our analysis, we first look at the historical trajectory of how these deals were made possible, using secondary sources such as leaks, press releases and the French Competition Authority’s rulings; we then discuss their details and implications. We trace Google’s attempt to capture news media in France and discuss the asymmetrical power it has exercised over the news industry, and how the subsequent deals with Meta were affected. Finally, our case study shows that these frameworks are not sufficient to tackle systemic imbalances – despite their good intentions – because they fail to challenge the concentration of power by a handful of oligopolistic private companies and, thus, effectively leave it up to them and the free market’s idiosyncrasies to decide how they are implemented.

Digital-native news media: Reach in 46 countries, top brands and user profiles in Spain

Digital-pure news publications have become competitive players in many countries, populating audience rankings in the context of a high-choice media environment. With the aim of gaining insight into the performance of digital-native news brands around the world and into how their audiences are similar or different to those of media with traditional roots in Spain, we draw on survey data for 2021 and 2022, respectively. First, we examine what proportion of online adults use any of the most popular digital-pure news brands in 24 mostly European countries and in 22 markets in America, Africa and the Asia-Pacific region, and we highlight how the main digital-native brands rank among online news sources, based on their weekly audience reach. Then we compare the user profiles of the five most-used online-only news organizations in Spain, against the audiences of the top five legacy brands (N = 2028), looking at reader loyalty, gender, age, income and education levels, and political leaning. With this media-centric approach to audiences, we find that digital-native news media brands either lead (in 15 out of 46 countries) or occupy some of the top positions by weekly reach in most markets, with Nordic countries standing out as an exception. In Spain, audiences of the top digital-native brands check them slightly less frequently than the users of news sites with traditional roots. News sites in our study are slightly more popular among males, older people, and more affluent and formally educated users who can define their political stance. Nevertheless, the diversity of editorial approaches found among sites in an externally pluralistic news media market inevitably results in brands with user profiles that show exceptions to these trends.

Feminejo: how women are changing brazilian country music

This study aims to analyze the factors that have contributed to the recent rise in popularity of "feminejo," a term coined to describe women singing sertanejo music, and examine how this trend has influenced the sertanejo musical scene. To achieve this, I will provide a concise history of the genre, focusing on the evolution of female participation as both main protagonists and central themes in songs during different phases of its development. Given the limited number of publications directly related to this subject due to its recent emergence, I have relied heavily on video-sharing platform indices and cultural sections of both print and online journals for this preliminary study.

Revenue Destruction and Distribution Dependency: The Economic Impact of Digital Platforms on Newspapers and Magazines in Taiwan

<p>本研究透過產業問卷調查與對媒體經營者的深度訪談等多種方法，蒐集近十年的產業資料，發現跨國平台對本地新聞出版業造成「營收破壞」與「流通依賴」。新聞業紙本發行減少50%，廣告量分別遽降80% 與60%；兩者在廣告市場占比從合計30% 降到3.5%，網路從20% 提高至65%。Google與Facebook兩大平台在網路廣告市場則估約60-80%。由於流通依賴兩大平台，媒體報導方向朝演算法傾斜。平台單方決定演算法更動與內容審查，形成不平等關係。本研究建議未來應採取演算法公開問責、或向平台抽取特別公課以成立獨立基金等政策，以修補破壞與改變依賴。</p> <p> </p><p>Through an industrial questionnaire survey in-depth interviews with publishers, this study examines how digital platforms have affected Taiwanese publishers in the 2010s. Transnational platforms have resulted in revenue destruction and distribution dependency for local news publishers. The circulation of newspapers and magazines has decreased by approximately 50%, and advertising revenue has decreased by 80% and 60% respectively. Newspapers and magazines’ share of the media advertising market has decreased from 30% to 3.5%, and that of the Internet has increased from 20% to 65%. Google and Facebook dominate the advertising market with their collective share of the online advertising market being estimated at 60-80%. The news production has become reliant on these two platforms. Digital platforms determine algorithms, content, and profit sharing and dominate the media. To improve the quality journalism, this paper suggests the transparency of platforms’ algorithms and the establishment of an independent news funds by taxing the platforms.</p> <p> </p>

TRANSFORMATION FROM PRINT NEWSPAPER TO DIGITAL: HOW EVERYTHING HAS MOVED TO SOCIAL NETWORK

The unstoppable popularity of the Internet and social media remains an undeniable fact. Popular social networks are available in many languages, they provide a wide range of communication and blur the boundaries of where a person can find and access news. The Internet environment and social networks have become the mainstream in today's realities. The present is making adjustments to all spheres of human activity, and there is a fast transformation and modification of society's informatization. The pandemic and the war have changed the way we communicate and deliver the necessary information. Social media is usually considered to be an entertainment platform, but it is worth mentioning that social media has also become a developmental and educational platform where you can find all the necessary information and find out the necessary news. The use of social media on the Internet has changed consumers' preferences and ways of finding information, as well as the speed of waiting and finding the necessary information, which significantly affects the work of journalists and the publication of news on social media.
 Recognizing that print media and news in newspapers are losing their popularity, and given the circumstances that have occurred and are occurring in the world and in Ukraine, it is easy to realize the relevance of the transition of all news to social networks. The article analyzes the changes that are taking place on the journalistic front in terms of publishing information and news. Under the influence of globalization and digitalization, the media have to transition and modify their activities and areas of work. With the changes in society, social media have become the main source of information for people, which has led to changes in journalistic activities and changes in the wishes and habits of the audience. The article also discusses the positive aspects and challenges that journalists and readers who consume information and news from social media and the Internet space may face, as it is necessary to be more attentive and critical of the information they read. 
 In the conclusion, all the information and the main idea from the article are emphasized and summarized. The positive aspects and challenges those users of news from social media and the Internet may face are described and analyzed.

Like, Comment, and Share on TikTok: Exploring the Effect of Sentiment and Second-Person View on the User Engagement with TikTok News Videos

TikTok—the world’s most downloaded app since 2020, has become a place for more than silly dancing and lip-syncing. TikTok users are increasingly turning to TikTok for news content. Meanwhile, news publishers are embracing TikTok to reach a younger audience. We aim to examine the content strategy adopted by the most-followed news publishers on TikTok and how effective their TikTok strategy is in spurring audience engagement in terms of liking, commenting, and sharing. This study retrieved 101,292 TikTok news videos as of November 22, 2022. With the help of computer vision, natural language processing, and sentiment analysis, we found that TikTok news videos containing negative sentiment and more second-person view shots are associated with significantly higher audience engagement. In addition, this study demonstrated that the TikTok video features and engagement levels differ between the news publishers and other TikTok creators. Moderator analysis shows that both the effect of negative sentiment on engagement and the effect of the second-person view on engagement are moderated by the TikTok account type. The impact of negative sentiment and second-person view on engagement behaviors becomes smaller or even insignificant for news publisher TikTok videos. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in this study.

User Perceptions of AI-Based Comment Filtering Technology

As artificial intelligence (AI)-powered technology enables the efficient processing of large volumes of comments, more companies, including news publications, are experimenting with and adopting AI moderation to manage their commenting platforms. However, the resulting user experiences have been largely underexplored in relation to these technical advances in comments section management. This study used an experiment to examine the impact of AI filters on individuals’ perceptions about comments sections (i.e., bias, credibility, positive and negative affect, and use intention). The findings indicate that AI moderation had statistically significant impacts on perceived credibility and use intention. Beyond the main effects, priming with a deceptive comment issue moderated the impacts of comment filtering on user perceptions as well.

‘I doe not find him, howsoever our great Enemy, to have deserved such an end’: Reactions to the Assassination of Albrecht von Wallenstein, c.1634–1700

Abstract Albrecht von Wallenstein was one of the most colourful and controversial figures of the Thirty Years War, and his dismissal by the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II and eventual assassination was one of the most talked about events of the conflict. This article examines how the downfall of the imperial generalissimo and massacre of his subordinate officers at Eger, in Bohemia, were viewed and reported across Europe at various pro- and anti-Habsburg courts. In addition to assessing how Wallenstein’s demise was discussed in diplomatic circles, the article addresses how the events at Eger were portrayed in newsprint published in the German states as well as further afield in Sweden, England and the Italian states. An examination of political and private correspondence, as well as a comparison of news publications from across the continent, provides valuable insight into how information and intelligence were collected and disseminated throughout early modern Europe. By examining the depiction of Wallenstein’s downfall in the arts, such as poetry and stage plays in various European cities in the immediate aftermath of the assassination and in the mid- and later 1630s, it is also possible to determine what information had been received in different locations at different times. The final section of the article addresses how Wallenstein’s reputation had changed by the end of the seventeenth century, with the result that he was almost universally regarded as a notorious rebel and would-be regicide.