Principles Of Sustainable Forest Management Research Articles

Study of diameter and height increment of Nipa (Nypa fruticans) fronds for the sustainability of mangrove forests management in Pagar Batu Island, Mahakam River Estuary, East Kalimantan

Nipa (Nypa fruticans) is a type of plant that lives in many mangrove forests. The potential of nipa palm has been used as a source of income for the community, such as through the production of nipa plants and their fronds. However, harvesting carried out by the community has the potential to cause damage to nipa palm forests. This research aims to determine the increase in height and diameter of nipa palm fronds until they are ready to be harvested and to ensure that nipa palm harvesting is in accordance with the principles of desire. Sampling was carried out randomly on 30 palm clumps, and diameter and height measurements were carried out repeatedly every ten days for 40 days. The results showed that the average increase in front height was 16.71 cm per day, and the average increase in diameter was 0.18 cm per day. After 40 days of age, the front diameter reaches an average of 7.5 cm and a height of 6.7 m, making it suitable for harvesting in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management.

Conflicts among ecosystem services may depend on environmental awareness: a multi-municipality analysis

Abstract Timber and non-timber ecosystem services (ESs) of forests can have trade-offs. These trade-offs are often influenced by local characteristics, and a higher awareness of local ESs among the location population could support forest management to supply ESs sustainably. This study examines trade-offs among timber and non-timber ESs in three adjacent municipalities in Japan where social contexts differ and discusses them in relation to the environmental awareness of each community. First, we explored the local awareness of the population of ESs in interviews. Then we produced maps of landslide prevention, sediment retention, and forest recreation ESs in plantations at 30-m resolution and classified forests according to evaluations of each ES. We overlaid the ES maps with a map of logging locations from the previous 5 years to calculate the logged ratio for each ES class. In a region with a long history of forestry, where awareness of ESs seems to be high, forests providing a wider range of ESs had a lower logged ratio than forests with lower ESs. In contrast, in a region in which contracted foresters from outside of that region were coordinating logging activities, even forests providing numerous ES had a high logged ratio. Thus, increasing awareness of ESs amongst the local population may lead to a more balanced use of ESs. Our results indicate that local governments would be best placed to raise awareness by educating forest enterprises or providing science-based information on ESs to foresters. We conclude that analyses of local ES trade-offs under consideration of the social context as presented here, is the first step towards developing and maintaining sustainable forest management principles.

Sustainable Forest Management Principles on Community-based Area Management Concept

In the last few decades, massive forest exploitation has occurred, negatively impacting all living things that depend on forests. Therefore, sustainable forest management (SFM) must be done so that forests can remain sustainable and benefit the environment and humans. WALHI, as one of the environmental organizations in Indonesia, offers the concept of Community-based Area Management (WKR) which is systematically structured to manage areas (including forests) sustainably. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the WKR concept based on the SFM principles put forward by several experts. This research is qualitative research, where the analysis results are described descriptively. This research shows that WKR Concept has several similarities to the SFM Principles.

ГЕОДЕЗІЯ, КАРТОГРАФІЯ І АЕРОФОТОЗНІМАННЯ

The aims of our paper are to study the territory organization of the forest fund lands of the Skhidnytsya village council (Lviv region), performing their forest management with the development of a system of activities aimed at ensuring scientifically based multifunctional forestry management, protection and rational sustainable use. The possibility of performing cadastral works for the territorial organization of forestry lands using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is important for science and practice. The paper considers the main direction of sustainable development of forest areas with a recreational function, aimed at strengthening ecological, social and economic functions and protection of these forests, their rational use. Based on the division of forests into categories, their functional significance, the regime of forestry and forest use for the next revision period, the following economic units were formed: health and recreational forests with a special regime of use in the mountains. The distribution of the total area of health and recreational forests by functional zones, types of landscape, classes of aesthetic assessment, pedestrian accessibility, recreational assessment, resistance to recreational loads, stages of recreational digression, additional assessment is presented. The results obtained prove the practical significance of the use of UAVs for performing work on the organization of the territory (certain category of land), and the resulting cartographic materials fully comply with the instructive accuracy. The developed provisions of this study correspond to the basic principles of sustainable forest management, provide for a combination of economic, environmental and social aspects of forestry activities.

Implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development in Forest Management

The research examined the principles of the concept of sustainable forest management in order to create highly productive, cost-effective forest systems, preserve biological diversity and useful functions of forest systems, fulfill the socio-ecological, and economic requirements for the use of natural resources. The analysis of the state of forest systems management revealed the lack of a coherent forest policy, a sharp decline in the quality of management at this stage of development. It is necessary to implement the principles of sustainable forest management applying the scientific and technological achievements in the industry. It has been proved that the primary condition for moving towards the sustainable development of forestry is forest inventory, forest management based on scientific and technical solutions, ground and aerospace monitoring of forest and forest resources, and use of digital technologies. For this, it is necessary to control the management of the forest industry at all levels including final results. The study assessed the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of forestry in Russia as a whole and in the Irkutsk region.

Understanding Stakeholders’ Perspectives on the Indonesia–EU FLEGT-VPA Scheme Implementation

Illegal logging comprises illegal activities that impact the economy, environment, and social aspects. This situation is addressed by the Forest, Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade Voluntary Partnership Agreement (FLEGT-VPA) scheme. In 2014, Indonesia and the European Union ratified the FLEGT-VPA and then started the FLEGT Licensing in 2016. This study intended to discover stakeholder satisfaction from the perspectives of the government institutions, civil society organizations, and the private sector on the Indonesia–EU FLEGT-VPA scheme, and it was accomplished by performing a mixed-method sequential explanatory research design. First, the quantitative data, collected through a web-based questionnaire (n = 103), resulted in the stakeholders’ satisfaction (dependent variable), in connection with all of the independent variables, showed that all three stakeholders were satisfied with sustainable forest management, new market opportunities, timber legality, and law enforcement. In contrast, they were slightly satisfied with the social safeguards. From the measurement of the multiple regression model, the results showed that each independent variable has a positive and significant effect on stakeholder satisfaction. We discovered that timber legality performed the highest significance to stakeholders’ satisfaction. Second, qualitative data were collected to briefly explain the preceding quantitative findings through web-based in-depth and focus group interviews (n = 20). All three stakeholders seemed to agree to the scheme implementation that supported the application of sustainable forest management principles, improved the legality and traceability, promoted good governance, and strengthened the social safeguards, while it improved the new market opportunities to a lesser degree. Finally, all three stakeholders explained that there are still main challenges to be solved in improving the scheme implementation such as (1) administrative problems mainly experienced by small and medium enterprises; (2) uncompetitive FLEGT license products that are not well known to buyers; and (3) the absence of incentives given by both parties (Indonesia and the EU) to the FLEGT-licensed product exporters.

Forestry Transition of the Irkutsk Region to Sustainable Forest Management Principles

The implementation of the principles of sustainable forest management in Russia is an urgent task for the development of the country's forest complex due a number of problems that hinder its development. An assessment of the level of the forest management system in forest regions in terms of implementing the principles of sustainable forest management will identify the current level of sustainability and develop directions to improve forest management mechanism. We analyzed the existing system of forest management in the Irkutsk region to compare them with the results in other territories. The study proposed to introduce a point system, the maximum value of each indicator in which will be 1.0. The analysis of the existing system of forest management in the Irkutsk region revealed a low level of its sustainability. As a result, we developed recommendations for further implementation of the principles of sustainable forest management and forest management in the Irkutsk region.

Law Enforcement and Community Participation in Combating Illegal Logging and Deforestation in Indonesia

Purpose: This study attempts to analyze the reconstruction of law enforcement on illegal logging based on community participation and the values embodied in Pancasila as a national philosophy in Indonesia. Methodologies: This study was conducted using a normative empirical method, by employing data-driven approaches. Principal results: The results revealed that combating deforestation and illegal logging can be achieved by participatory measures with the implementation in the grassroots through community participation being taken as an important consideration to instill the principles of sustainable forest management. To obtain optimal and equitable benefits of forest resources, local community empowerment is carried out, through capacity building and providing access in order to improve their welfare. Major conclusions: The prevention and eradication of deforestation should pay attention to the principles of sustainable forest management by the government and regulatory agencies with involving grassroot level to obtain sustainable and optimal benefits of forest management. Contribution to the field: This study contributes to the intertwined relationship between law enforcement in developing forest management and social participation through a series of mechanisms and practices based on local wisdom. Important aspect of the study: The findings highlight social forestry as a sustainable forest management practice in balancing natural sustainability and social justice as law enforcement priorities. Research limitations/implications: The theoretical scope is specific to the idea of natural sustainability in the context of social justice. This has theoretical implications for further studies to provide empirical and practical justification for the implementation of social forestry in Indonesia. Practical implications: The findings practically underline the need for social forestry activities through efforts to provide legal access to local communities in the forms of forest management, business permits, plantation, partnerships, recognition and protection and customary law for community welfare and forest resource conservation. Social implications: The principles and practices of community involvement in social forestry are required to reduce poverty, unemployment and inequality in the management/utilization of forest areas.

Preface

Tropical forests are extensive and consist of diverse forest types, with the most significant proportion of the world’s forest. However, tropical forests and their inhabitants are highly threatened by anthropological activities and the effects of climate change. Retaining and protecting remaining tropical forest areas from conversion to other land uses is crucial for environmental, cultural and forest product functions. Sustainable forest management principles and forest policies encompassing the forest functions must be supported by concerted research that produces practical solutions to various problems.Universiti Malaysia Sabah, through Faculty of Tropical Forestry, organized the Tropical Forestry 2021 (TF-2021) Virtual Conference for researchers involved in tropical forestry research to share significant findings and create opportunities for collaborations. Even though it is conducted virtually, due to COVID-19 and travel restrictions, the conference managed to gather local and international participations and presentations on their tropical forestry-related work. Among topics presented covered the conference topics of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Forest Management, Biodiversity and Genetic Conservation, Forest Policy and Economics, Forest Remote Sensing and GIS / Precision Forestry, Forest Protection, Forest Soil and Silviculture, Social Forestry, Nature Tourism and Recreation, Plantation Forestry, Agroforestry, Zoology and Wildlife, Wood Science, and Forest Products and Engineering.List of Editors, Organizing Committee TF-2021, List Of Participants are available in this pdf.

GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESILIENCE OF PINE FORESTS IN UKRAINIAN POLISSIA

The main prerequisite for this study is the use of forest resources corresponding to the principles of sustainable forest management. The purpose of this study is to figure out the growth characteristics of pine stands and their physiological response to adverse factors. The experimental material (cores) was selected from pine forests of Ukrainian Polissia using Haglöf increment borer at breast height of 1.3 m. The number of annual rings and the parameters of radial increment were found using the ImageJ software. The result was a tree-ring chronology of sample trees. Statistical analysis of the experimental data proved that the radial increment variability decreases with age, and it ranges within 0.99-2.78 mm. The average radial increment value in the data set under study is 1.79 mm. The average number of annual rings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees is 80: the minimum is 61, the maximum is 92. The correlation analysis of experimental data proved that the pairwise correlation coefficients of radial increment (-0.54) and current increment by diameter (-0.53) have an inverse relationship with the age of trees, and diameter at breast height with age – a direct relationship (0.87). The developed mathematical models of the dynamics of the width of the annual ring, the diameter at breast height and the current increment by diameter allow estimating the growth characteristics of Scots pine trees throughout their life. The obtained results were compared with the growth tables of fully stocked (at a relative stocking of 1.0) stands. The adequacy test of the developed mathematical models proved the accuracy of the given patterns and is as follows: for the width dynamics of the annual ring – 0.46; the diameter at breast height – 0.78, and the percentage of current increment by diameter – 0.51. Based on standardisation of individual chronologies by calculating sensitivity coefficients, no significant physiological response was established. Accordingly, the impact of short-term stress reactions is insignificant. The maximum resistance of pine stands to adverse environmental factors is achieved at the age of 50-60 years. This study is important to evaluate the impact of climate change and other adverse factors on the growth of pine stands and forecasting the dynamics of biometric indices. The obtained results can be used by the specialists at IA “Ukrderzhlisproekt” to update biometric indices and substantiate the use of forest resources

The patterns of agroforestry: the implementation and its impact on local community income and carbon stock in Sesaot Forest, Lombok, Indonesia

This article aims to explore the implementation of agroforestry patterns in the Sesaot forest area and the impacts on the local community income and the carbon stocks. It is written based on descriptive research, data are collected through observation, interviews, and FGDs to 42 respondents, and measuring carbon stocks in 18 locations. The analysis in this study is divided into three: 1) clustering based on plant dominance to identify existing agroforestry patterns, 2) allometric equations to measure the amount of carbon stock, and 3) using scoring to analyze the identified agroforestry patterns to find out the most optimal. This study finds that there are four agroforestry patterns in this area: candlenut dominant, mahogany dominant, mixed agroforestry, and simple agroforestry. From these patterns, mixed agroforestry seems to be the best practice in this area since it has complied with the principles of sustainable forest management both from the perspective of economic and the environment.

Технологии промежуточных рубок на труднодоступных территориях

The development of technologies and equipment that meet modern requirements of forest preservation and a gentle mode of forest exploitation becomes a relevant issue within the framework of the implementation of the sustainable forest management principles both at forestry enterprises and in the organization of forestry. Such technologies include developed and field-tested experimental methods of logging using balloon-rope systems for various types and methods of felling. Of particular interest is the concept of using this equipment based on the purpose logging and the environmental and forestry requirements for their implementation. The paper has informative and cognitive nature; its purpose is to provide professionals with information on new technologies and designs of specialized equipment to ensure a gentle mode of forest management and forest exploitation. The article presents the results of theoretical research on possible directions of use of balloon-rope systems when working on forest sites of specially protected natural areas. The authors propose the designs of specialized equipment for the vertical removal of trees (whips) in the process of intermediate felling on the areas with signs of hard access and ecological dependence. Such mechanisms will significantly reduce energy costs when removing branches and limbs from a standing tree and its vertical removal from the plantation. The developed designs of specialized mechanisms for skidding a vertically standing tree without its landing in the form of a grabbing, grabbingcutting and knot-cutting device with a grabber ensure the maximum possible preservation of the forest environment, since they do not cause damage to the nearby stand, the undergrowth or the soil.

The role of women in managing sustainable forestry based on local authority and needs analysis of the local agroforestry system in North Sulawesi

Forests have an important role regarding climate change both in mitigation and adaptation efforts. Indonesia is one of the countries with the most extensive tropical forest systems in the world. However, Indonesia experienced the highest level of forest destruction in Southeast Asia. For this reason, Indonesia needs to apply the principles of Sustainable Forest Management to improve the condition of forests through reducing deforestation without compromising the improvement of the welfare of the surrounding community, both men and women. Previous studies prove the involvement of local communities, both men and women, who consider their local knowledge and wisdom is a determining factor for realizing the objectives of Sustainable Forest Management. Previous studies regarding improving the welfare of forest farmers have ignored the needs of both men and women. Similar studies have not been done much in Indonesia or at the global level. There is less research on local knowledge/knowledge that examines how gender differences determine differences in local knowledge/wisdom that men and women have and their respective needs regarding forest resources. For this reason, this study generally aims to increase knowledge about the differences in local wisdom/knowledge possessed and the perceived needs of both men and women who have the potential to rehabilitate forests while improving their lives. This research is the third study in Barangkalang Sangihe Village, located around the protected forest of Mount Sahendaruman. This study uses qualitative data collection methods concerning local wisdom and the needs of men and women relating to forest resources and management. The principle of triangulation is applied to data collection methods and sources. Data collection is done by interview, discussion and observation. Data sources are farmers and village leaders and social organizations. Data analysis uses a qualitative data analysis approach. The results showed that the subconscious of women in particular and the whole community in general who have absorbed the pattern of forest growth that is diverse, structured from high to lowest creeping, is the superiority of the community around the forest. The superiority of this subconscious can be used as a basic capital to develop forest agriculture (agroforestry) that supports each other (mutualistic symbiosis) with protected forests above. Protection Forest can be maintained well only by the community around the forest who can feel the positive impact of the existence of the protected forest, for example as a source of water and as a source of plant seeds (plasma nuftah). Commercial tree crops managed by farmers in the area around the forest cannot be ignored for their biological function for environmental preservation. Because commercial crops, among others, cloves, nutmeg, coconut, and sago, also perennial plants that have deep roots and are also managed like the growth of forestry plants are not regulated like modern plantations.

Participatory forestry improves mangrove forest management in Kenya

Participatory forestry has been recognized as a tool for improving tropical forest management. The current study assessed the impacts of participatory forest management (PFM) on the structure and regeneration of a mangrove forest at Gazi Bay, Kenya. Data were collected along belt transects perpendicular to the waterline in both co-managed and state-managed mangrove forests. Basal area and standing density were significantly higher in the co-managed mangrove forests (16 m2/ha and 4 341 tree/ha) as compared to the state forests (eastern block 10.3 m2/ha and 2 673 trees/ha; western block 6.2 m2/ha and 2 436 trees/ha). There were significantly higher (p = 0.0068) densities of merchantable poles in community-managed as compared to state-managed forests. Natural regeneration patterns in community-managed and state-managed forests were deemed adequate to support the recovery of both forests. The results demonstrate that community participation contributes to improved management of mangrove forests and is in agreement with the principles of sustainable forest management.

Экономические проблемы лесоустройства на современном этапе развития

Research of problems of forest management, formation and development of forest management. Clarification of features in the system «management and planning in the field of use, protection and other functions of forests», according to the current Forest code of the Russian Federation and the concept «forest legislation of the Russian Federation based on the principles of sustainable forest management, conservation of their biological diversity and other useful functions of forests». From the point of view of the practice and system of strategic forest management, specific issues regarding forest management objects are highlighted. Analytical method for obtaining information about natural-historical and economic conditions of the area where the forest management object is located. Analysis of economic activities and study of past experience of forest management in the field of use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests. On the basis of the Forest code, allocated successive stages of forest management such as the design of forest areas and forest parks, the design of operational, protective and reserve forests, as well as the design of measures for the protection and reproduction of forests. Based on the theoretical review and analysis presented in the relationship of the system «results-costs», the main directions of development of forest management are determined. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in defining the concept of competitiveness of forest capital. Achieving competitive advantages is possible on the basis of sustainable development as a factor of ensuring economic stability. The structure of the forest management process includes progressive elements based on a balance between the growth and depletion of natural resources.

Forest complex in the system of economic security of the Russian Federation

Forests are an important component of the economic development of the state and people’s livelihoods. They provide not only the needs of the economy for timber, food, but also perform important environmental functions related to the purification of water and air, soil formation, etc. At the same time, in many regions of the world, forest conditions are deteriorating, which determines negative socio-economic and environmental results, which violates the principles of sustainable forest management. The term “sustainable forest management” came into use in 1993, but questions still arise about how to put this concept into practice? The authors of the article concluded that the safety of socio-economic and environmental processes should become a prerequisite for sustainable development. It is economic security with the identification of threats and their further neutralization that can lead the forest industries to the path of sustainable development. Within the framework of expert assessments of the authors and analysis of domestic and foreign literature, four components of the economic security of the forest complex of the Russian Federation were identified: entrepreneurial, food, environmental and foreign economic. Threats to the economic security of the forest complex were characterized. The results of the study show the relationship between the components of economic security and the criteria for sustainable development of management. Meeting the criteria will contribute to the safe development of the forest complex of the Russian Federation.

Evaluating Goal Programming as a Backcasting Tool to Assess the Impact of Local Stakeholder Determined Policies on the Future Provision of Ecosystem Services in Forested Landscapes

Forest management in Ireland has traditionally focused on timber production and policies have been implemented with this in mind. Since the mid-1990s, the focus is transitioning from timber production to a more multifunctional forest management approach following the principles of sustainable forest management. A method known as “backcasting” has the potential to include local stakeholders into land-use and policy planning. Two case study areas were chosen to investigate the potential of backcasting for integrated forest landscape planning in Ireland: Western Peatlands and Newmarket. Potential beneficial policies produced by local stakeholders in participatory workshops were assessed for robustness using a goal programming model and the resulting changes in forest management and ecosystem service provisions were analysed. While each evaluated backcasting policy increased the provision of that policy’s targeted ecosystem service(s), it was at a cost to some others. The widening of buffer zones did reduce the landscape level risk to water sedimentation and the policy to enhance each landscape’s recreation potential did the intended. However, both policies reduced the amount of timber produced for most potential futures. The option of using genetically improved tree species showed potential to mitigate the effect of these policies on timber production. We present this study as a useful reference point toward evaluating the efficacy of a range of potentially implementable scenarios in Ireland. We believe the backcasting approach has promise for future use in other landscapes, given the success of this approach in our study. Given that much of the information required to model the ecosystem services was extracted from scientific research and datasets from outside of Ireland, the approach may well be useful for others seeking to do similar outside of Ireland.

Еколого-економічні підходи до енергетичного використання деревної біомаси з відходів виробництва в Україні

Деревинна біомаса є основним джерелом енергії серед відновлюваних джерел в Україні. Питання біоенергетичного використання деревини розглянуто в контексті впровадження у практику ведення лісового господарства на засадах наближеного до природи лісівництва та сталого, невиснажливого використання лісових ресурсів. Проаналізовано основні показники відходів деревної біомаси в Україні. Доведено важливість використання відходів деревної біомаси в контексті сталого розвитку з урахуванням економічної, екологічної та соціальної складових цього процесу. В Україні немає спеціалізованих підприємств, які постачають біомасу компаніям з виробництва біопалива. Деревину постачають безпосередньо державні лісогосподарські підприємства та деревообробні підприємства, які можуть постачати відходи від деревообробки. Лісові вторинні ресурси потрібно використовувати згідно з каскадним принципом – насамперед для виробництва продукції з масиву і переробляти повторно для максимального збільшення поглинання і нагромадження вуглецю, а тільки після цього – для виробництва енергії. Актуальним завданням є розвиток комплексних лісогосподарських підприємств, до складу яких входитиме перероблення відходів деревної біомаси в енергетичних цілях. Відходи лісогосподарського та лісопильного виробництва є високим біоенергетичним потенціалом для формування ефективного способу господарювання (економіки) на біоекономічних засадах.

The potential of woody waste biomass from the logging activity at the natural forest of Berau District, East Kalimantan

The fifth principles of Sustainable Forest Management of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is to encourage the efficient use of forest products and services to ensure economic viability and a wide range of environmental and social benefits, and one of the criteria is to minimize logging waste. Therefore, identification, calculations, and monitoring of logging waste should be done. The purpose of this study were to know the potential of logging waste in logging area and to know the estimated volume of waste based on the Annual Allowable Cut (AAC). This research was carried out at PT Karya Lestari, Berau District, East Kalimantan. It was found that the highest percentage of waste was in the form of the main trunk canopy, followed by the branches, stump, twigs and the rest of the bucking. It was also found that there was quite strong positive relationship between the volume of felled trees with its logging waste volume, and the estimated volume of logging waste based on AAC was 40,623 m3 per year. This result shows that the potential logging waste is high and it is recommended for the company to do logging on trees with small volumes or lower diameter class (40-89 cm).

An assessment of the regulatory framework of the Western Australian sandalwood industry

ABSTRACTAustralia’s sustainable forest management framework provides five indicators to guide the assessment of forestry regulations. In this paper, we use these indicators to assess the legal, institutional and economic support for sustainable forest management principles in the Western Australian native sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) industry. We identify a range of regulatory barriers and risks. Key concerns include a potentially unsustainable harvest quota, short-term funding for regeneration initiatives, practical impediments to the detection of illegal harvesting activities and an overreliance on industry goodwill to ensure support for the interests of Aboriginal people. We also identify important innovations and opportunities. These include certification schemes and increased institutional support for regeneration, agroforestry and the inclusion of Aboriginal people in industry supply chains. We conclude by considering the future role of law and policy in securing the principles of sustainable forest management in the S. spicatum industry.