Principles Of Policy Research Articles

Governance Policy on The Impact of Marble Mining Activities in Tulungagung Regency Reviewed from the Perspective of Sustainable Development

This research aims to analyze governance policies on the impact of marble mining activities in Tulungagung Regency from a sustainable development perspective. Marble mining activities in this area have significant environmental, social and economic impacts. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with stakeholders, field observations, and analysis of related policy documents. The research results show that although there have been efforts to integrate sustainable development principles in marble mining governance policies, implementation still faces various challenges. Some of these include a lack of supervision and law enforcement, as well as limitations in community participation. This study recommends increasing the capacity of management institutions, strengthening community participation, and increasing coordination between sectors as strategic steps to increase the sustainability of marble mining activities in Tulungagung Regency.

RETURNING TO SAID AND HIS «ORIENTALISM»

This article examines the impact of Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism on the contemporary geopolitical landscape. The authors argue that while the critique of Orientalism has significantly influenced academic discourse and domestic policies in Western countries, particularly the United States, it has not led to fundamental changes in global geopolitical strategy. The paper focuses on two key aspects: the natural connection between knowledge and power, which cannot be altered by anti-colonial declarations, and the shift of colonial discourse to new regions, specifically non-Western Europe. The authors posit that the strength of a modern state lies in its ability to dynamically bifurcate its image into internal and external faces, presenting different aspects to its society and foreign partners. Using the United States as a case study, the article demonstrates how internal anti-colonial discourse coexists with an unchanging foreign policy strategy of global dominance. The authors criticize the illusions about the possibility of changing the fundamental principles of US foreign policy, which has remained consistent since 1941. The paper emphasizes the continuation of a strategy aimed at fostering global dependence on the West, despite anti-colonial rhetoric. The article explores the complex interplay between domestic movements for social justice and decolonization, and the pragmatic realities of international relations. It argues that the deconstruction of Orientalism, while challenging the legitimacy of historical colonial practices, has not transformed the core geopolitical interests of Western states.The authors contend that the apparent dichotomy between internal anti-colonial discourse and external policy reflects both the complexity and strength of states like the US, where domestic and foreign policies can be shaped by different institutional and ideological forces. The paper also discusses the expansion of the concept of liberal democracy as an export product to regions deemed lacking in popular sovereignty.In conclusion, the article suggests that the critique of Orientalism, despite its academic and cultural impact, has been effectively neutralized in geopolitical practice. This is achieved through a shift in focus to regions not traditionally considered part of the «old» Western colonies, allowing for the implementation of economic partnership policies without the moral self-flagellation associated with charges of Orientalism. The paper ultimately argues that renaming reality does not change its underlying structure, and that the postmodern belief in the power of language to transform geopolitical realities is akin to magical thinking. It concludes that the critique of Orientalism has not fundamentally altered the eternal principles and interests guiding global geopolitical strategies.

Risk-Based Approach in Control and Supervisory Activities and the Principle of Evidence-Based Policy

Risk-Based Approach in Control and Supervisory Activities and the Principle of Evidence-Based Policy

Theoretical analysis of the principles of mental health policy in Ukrainian society

Theoretical analysis of the principles of mental health policy in Ukrainian society

Scientific principles, factors and peculiarities of intensification in agricultural production

The theoretical and methodological foundations of intensification and the practice of efficient agricultural production in the context of continuity of provisions of the concept of sustainable development of the industry are studied. The features and significance of intensification are revealed, attention is paid to the issues of organic production, implementation of the principles of green economy policy and the processes of ecologization, land reclamation, investment, construction and reconstruction of agricultural facilities.

THE THE IMPORTANCE OF COHESION POLICY VALUES IN THE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK

The subject matter of analysis in this paper is the cohesion policy in the discourse of the Law of the European Central Bank (ECB), which will be reviewed for the purpose of establishing changes in the values and principles of cohesion policy which significantly redefined the postulates of the contemporary EU monetary legislation in the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. In that regard, the paper aims to analytically examine the characteristics and qualitative influence of the tendency to “humanize” the contemporary monetary legislation, as well as the sophisticated modus operandi of shaping the monetary authority by public law in the architecture of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). By applying the dogmatic, axiological, and comparative law method, the author identifies the greatest dilemmas encountered by the European legislator in the context of adjusting the ECB regulatory activity and its primary tasks to the principles of cohesion policy.

Traditional Persian Medicine and Autophagy: Integrating Ancient Health Principles with Modern Cellular Mechanisms

Autophagy, a cellular process responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis through the degradation and recycling of intracellular components, has a complex relationship with various human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infections. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM), with a 10,000-year history, emphasizes health preservation through six essential principles: physical activity, nutrition, sleep, psychological well-being, air quality, and the excretion of body waste. This review examines the intersection of these principles with autophagy, highlighting the potential of TPM in modern health practices. Recent studies have shown that physical activity induces autophagy, aiding in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer's and diabetes. Nutritional management, another key TPM principle, influences autophagy through practices like intermittent fasting, which can improve insulin sensitivity and prolong life. Sleep, critical for bodily functions and waste disposal, affects autophagy, with disruptions linked to conditions like sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases. Excretion and retention of necessary materials are crucial for health, with autophagy playing a role in managing obesity, renal function, and gastrointestinal health. Clean air is essential for well-being, and studies indicate that air pollution can stimulate autophagy, potentially leading to liver steatosis. Psychological states also significantly impact autophagy, with stress and emotional well-being influencing cellular processes. This review suggests that the non-pharmacologic modulators of autophagy inherent in TPM's six essential principles could precede pharmaceutical interventions due to their simplicity, safety, and affordability. Health authorities are encouraged to consider these principles in policies for disease treatment and health improvement, leveraging the potential of autophagy modulation for better health outcomes.

Deterministic Multistage Constellation Reconfiguration Using Integer Programming and Sequential Decision-Making Methods

This paper addresses the problem of reconfiguring Earth observation satellite constellation systems through multiple stages. The Multistage Constellation Reconfiguration Problem (MCRP) aims to maximize the total observation rewards obtained by covering a set of targets of interest through the active manipulation of the orbits and relative phasing of constituent satellites. This paper considers deterministic problem settings in which the targets of interest are known a priori. We propose a novel integer linear programming formulation for MCRP, capable of obtaining provably optimal solutions. To overcome computational intractability due to the combinatorial explosion in solving large-scale instances, we introduce two computationally efficient sequential decision-making methods based on the principles of a myopic policy and a rolling horizon procedure. The computational experiments demonstrate that the devised sequential decision-making approaches yield high-quality solutions with improved computational efficiency over the baseline MCRP. Finally, a case study using Hurricane Harvey data showcases the advantages of multistage constellation reconfiguration over single-stage and no-reconfiguration scenarios.

Legislative support for the public policy of national memory in Ukraine

The implementation of legislative support for public policy on national memory in Ukraine is realised through the enactment of legislative acts, including the Constitution of Ukraine and Ukrainian laws. The country's prevailing political situation and social moods have primarily shaped it. This article aims to examine the legislative framework of Ukraine (1991-2024) that facilitates the formation and implementation of public policy on national memory within the state. The study demonstrates that active legislation has occurred over the past ten years and continues to the present day. It is established that the legislative base in the sphere of national memory comprises conceptual, organisational, and regulatory acts, which delineate the scope of their functionality. Significant achievements have been made in the legislative support of public policy on national memory in Ukraine. It is evident that the issue of adopting a special law that would define the fundamental principles of national memory policy in Ukraine, ensuring comprehensive regulation of its formation and implementation, still needs to be solved. The completeness of memory policy regulation at all levels of the administrative system is defined, and problematic issues are identified. The necessity for enhancing the legislative framework supporting public policy on national memory in Ukraine is revealed.

A second life for mining waste as an amendment for soil remediation

Mining is a cornerstone of the productive system, particularly in sectors, such as renewable energy and electronic equipment production, where its significance is anticipated to grow in the coming years. Aligned with the principles of Nature-Based Solutions and Zero Waste policies, recycling mining waste as soil amendments could concurrently restore degraded areas and reduce the disposal of mining waste. In this context, we aimed to remediate a post-mining soil primarily impacted by heavy metal pollution using an alkaline waste generated in dunite exploitation, either in combination with compost or independently in field conditions. The objectives were to minimize heavy metal(loid)s mobility (As, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Se), to improve soil health, and stimulate plant growth (phytoremediation, Lolium perenne L. was used). Results revealed that the combination of dunite and compost successfully reduced the concentrations of available Cu and Ni in the soil by more than four times, significantly enhanced soil properties, and promoted the harvest of a greater biomass. Additionally, Lolium perenne L. demonstrated phytostabilizing capacity for Cu and Ni in the soil treated with the amendments. In conclusion, the utilization of combined dunite-based and organic amendments proves to be a favorable strategy for restoring polluted post-mining soils.

A Study on NEP 2020: for Higher Education

The government produced a policy paper on July 29, 2020, and it covers every aspect of education, which is really amazing. The statement pledges to foster multilingualism and the power of language, transmit fundamental literacy and numeracy, and work towards India's transformation into a worldwide knowledge power.Govida (2020) According to Article 45 of Part IV of the Indian Constitution and Article 39 (f) of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), there is provision for state-funded and equitable and accessible education. The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution in 1976 moved education from the State to the Concurrent List. The education policies by the Central government provide a broad direction and state governments are expected to follow it. But it is not mandatory, for instance Tamil Nadu does not follow the three-language formula prescribed by the first education policy in 1968. The 86th Amendment in 2002 made education an enforceable right under Article 21-A. Education is the only and most effective way to achieve social equality and fairness. Having an education system that values equality and inclusivity is not just important on its own, but it also leads to a society that is fair and inclusive. It is crucial that everyone has the opportunity to pursue their dreams, value their existence, and contribute to the well-being of the nation. The strength of the Indian education system lies in its ability to overcome the obstacles of a child's birth or background, allowing them to progress and grow. This principle reinforces this idea. The main goals of all educational efforts should be to ensure access to education, encourage participation, and reduce the impact of social class through innovative practices. Affordability, accessibility, quality, equity, and accountability are the main areas of concentration for the National Educational Policy 2020 in order to guarantee lifetime learning

Global Innovative Vision of WinWin Ukraine in the Education Sphere: Features of the Approval and Perspectives of Implementation

The article updates the issues of educational innovations, as well as the need for a global innovative vision in education to achieve the successful development of Ukraine. Considering the constant changes in the modern world and the need to adapt to them, Ukraine has prepared its global innovative vision in the field of education. The current state of innovations in education has been analyzed, weak points and problems that need to be solved have been identified; key areas of innovation are defined; and the use of modern innovative technologies in education is outlined. Considerable attention in the article is given to the Global Innovation Vision - a large-scale analytical document (almost 100 pages with details for each sector). Note that this document is an important factor in the transformation of Ukraine during the war and for post-war recovery. The key provisions of the Global Innovation Vision, the principles of state policy in the field of innovative activity are analyzed, since the implementation of innovations in higher, secondary, and primary education requires the development of specific strategies and the attraction of public and private investments in the education sector. Focused attention on supporting scientific research and innovation in the field of education and attracting international experience and partnership; to ensure the implementation of the Global Innovation Vision, the development of regulatory and legal acts on innovation activities has begun. Practical steps for the implementation of innovative activities are outlined. Three new initiatives launched by the European Commission aimed at strengthening scientific and innovative cooperation between the EU and Ukraine are considered.

Formation of Approaches to Determining the Social Effectiveness of Scientific Activity of Libraries

The problem of evaluating the effectiveness of scientific activity as applied to the humanitarian and library sphere is analyzed. Research conducted in libraries contributes to the development of libraries themselves, as well as to the study and disclosure of cultural heritage. The question of the effectiveness of the conducted research is of fundamental importance. An analysis of the evolution of approaches to the evaluation of effectiveness is presented. In the last quarter of the 20th century, the fundamental principle of scientific policy was the position “science is the direct productive force of society”, which focused on the implementation of the findings of research activities and the formation of ideas about the mandatory material form of the results. This attitude is not applicable in the social sciences and humanities. In the Soviet period, the task of practical connection of science with production for a long time established the position that any scientific result should be practically tangible and economically effective, and every research should end with a document containing certain conclusions and a list of measures, or with an act on the implementation of research results.Currently, to assess not only the performance of individual scientists and organizations, but also in the formation of public science policy, the use of scientometric methods — quantitative measurements of information characteristics of published results of scientific work — is widely used. However, the scientometric approach continues to be debated.In the last decade the theoretical problem of social effectiveness of science, which, unlike economic, is not direct and specific and difficult to measure, has been increasingly discussed. Research conducted in the field of scientific support of library development has been proven to have a pronounced impact on library work (e. g., in the form of developed concepts, strategies, programs, etc.). Research of historical and cultural character influences the formation of public and individual consciousness, value system and contributes to the solution of the most important strategic state tasks.Determining the social effectiveness of research activities of libraries is becoming increasingly important.

Пионерская литература 1920-х годов как воспитательная практика советской власти

The article analyzes the literature of the pioneer organization in order to display the basic principles of the state educational policy for children in the 1920s. The main types of pioneer literature of the 1920s are considered: organizational documentation, in particular, the Charter of the pioneer organization, periodicals, fiction, pioneer folklore (chants,songs, etc.). Thespecifics of the literary texts of the pioneer organization at the regional level are studied on the example of the Samara pioneer organization, and their main semantic components are also indicated.

STATE-CHURCH RELATIONS IN THE FIRST CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC: SPECIFIC FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION

It is indicated that the relationship between the Church and the state went through various stages in its formation both in Ukraine and in the world as a whole. In addition, the state’s relations with religious organizations in various countries still have their own specifics. Models of these relationships are usually built depending on the political, religious, cultural and other traditions of each region. Therefore, today in Europe, despite the presence of a number of common trends, there is still no unity of approaches in building a system of state-church relations. It is quite obvious that in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to study the existing historical experience of Czechoslovakia. Regarding this, the confessional policy of the Czechoslovak state in the 20th century has a special value. Back in the interwar twentieth century (1918–1938), an attempt was made here to build such a model of the relationship between the state and religious organizations, which, on the one hand, provided for the secular nature of the state and the maximum limitation of the role of the church in public life, and on the other hand, the preservation of the main elements of the system of state -church relations that developed in Austria-Hungary. We can say that in a slightly modified form this model continued to exist in Czechoslovakia and in the second half of the 20th century. Even during the years of state atheism, the church here was not separated from the state. Thus, in the 20th century, Czechoslovakia accumulated rich experience in adapting traditional elements of the state church to new historical conditions. Based on the study of domestic and foreign sources, the article analyzes the legal regulation of state-church relations in the First Czechoslovak Republic. The study attempted to analyze the country’s relationship with the Vatican, which consisted primarily of the need to conclude a concordat agreement. The legal nature of Modus vivendi is analyzed. It was determined that the model of state-church relations in the first Czechoslovak Republic became an organic development of the model that existed in Austria-Hungary. It can be said that the process of equalizing the rights of all state-recognized denominations came to a certain logical conclusion in the first Czechoslovak Republic. At the same time, one of the fundamental principles of Austrian religious policy was preserved in the Czechoslovak Republic – the desire to limit the ties of local denominations with foreign administrative centers as much as possible.

Assessing the financial mechanism for achieving the Russian Federation national goals until 2030

Subject. This article discusses the principles of the budget policy of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the obligations of the federal budget to finance the implementation of national projects at the regional level. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis. Results. Based on the analysis of organizational and financial mechanisms for achieving the national goals of the Russian Federation, the article shows that in practice, the effectiveness of the use of public funds is often assessed, but not the effectiveness of their provision. Conclusions. The assessment of the financial mechanism for achieving national goals should be guided by the ratio of Efficiency of Use of Budget Funds – Effectiveness of Project Completion.

The legal basis of social security for village officers and members of their families according to the legislation of Ukraine

The article examines the current state of the legislative system of Ukraine, which regulates the social protection of military personnel and their family members. The main principles of state policy in the field of social security of this category of persons were considered, and it was determined that the main directions of such policy are: a) establishment of a unified system of social and legal protection; b) guaranteeing favorable conditions in the economic, social, and political spheres to military personnel and members of their families; c) development of effective and accessible mechanisms for the realization of their rights to social protection by this category of persons. Social security of persons who defend the state is an extremely important direction of state policy, which is of primary importance not only during the war, but also after its end. Today, there is no more important task than protecting and ensuring the rights of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations that defend the territorial integrity and sovereignty of our state. It is noted that today in Ukraine there is a system of normative legal acts of various legal force that regulate issues of social and legal protection of military personnel, their constitutional rights and freedoms, and guarantees regarding their implementation. At the same time, despite the fact that the legislation in this field is constantly developing and improving, many problematic issues require an effective mechanism for their resolution. The types of social guarantees of servicemen and their family members and the peculiarities of their provision during the period of martial law in the country are considered. A conclusion was made about the irregularity of the norms that determine specific types of social protection of servicemen and their family members, as a significant number of normative legal acts do not always indicate the provision of integral and comprehensive social protection. And also, the absence of a single legislative act that would determine mutually agreed standards and principles of building the entire structure of social security for servicemen and their family members. There were opinions that the existing system of social protection needs radical reorganization and adaptation to modern conditions. In particular, it is necessary to create a clear system of guarantees of social (material) support of servicemen and their family members, to ensure their observance and implementation by the state. A decent level of social security acts as a stimulus for citizens to military service.

UKRAINE’S MONETARY POLICY UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The relevance of the research is due to the change in the monetary policy regime of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU), which consists in the transition from inflation targeting with a floating exchange rate to a fixed exchange rate as the nominal anchor of monetary policy under martial law. Such a plan to change the monetary policy regime was carefully calculated and outlined in the NBU's Monetary Policy Guidelines for the Duration of Martial Law. The timeliness and effectiveness of the NBU's monetary policy decisions enabled it to mitigate the impact of the military shock on the macro-financial stability of the national economy. The purpose of the article is to consider the theoretical and practical aspects of the NBU's monetary policy under martial law. Methodology. The study uses a systematic method of cognition to determine the sequence of application of monetary policy instruments to smooth out monetary shocks of the wartime period; an abstract-logical method to understand the future monetary policy strategy based on the abandonment of the fixed exchange rate regime and a gradual return to inflation targeting; and a statistical method to analyse the dynamics of monetary indicators of the national economy. Results. The paper presents the main principles of the NBU's monetary policy under martial law. The first shock from the war led to changes in the conduct of monetary policy and a shift to unconventional instruments of its regulation. The gradual adaptation of the economy to the new conditions determined the NBU's further steps to ease monetary policy and move to greater exchange rate flexibility. Practical implications. The practical significance of the research results is to assess the conditions for the transition from the key policy rate-based inflation targeting regime as the main monetary policy instrument to the use of foreign exchange interventions as the main operation in the foreign exchange market under martial law. Value / Originality. The originality of the article is due to the need to identify the prerequisites for the transition to a new monetary policy strategy in a wartime economy. Conclusions. The NBU's timely response to the negative phenomena associated with deteriorating inflation expectations, multiple exchange rates and pressure on international reserves helped prevent the development of a currency and financial crisis in Ukraine. Despite the active hostilities, the NBU is trying to find options that will allow it to conduct an effective monetary policy in the face of a full-scale invasion and unprecedented internal and external shocks. Internationally, Ukraine has exceeded expectations and the NBU has shown a high degree of responsibility, professionalism and creativity in the conduct of monetary policy. Increased confidence in the central bank is a valuable resource in times of martial law.

Different interpretations of sufficiency in climate-protection strategies: a typology based on 40 pioneering municipalities in Germany

Sufficiency is a crucial strategy for achieving climate targets by reducing energy and resource consumption in absolute terms through changed practices. While most climate-protection concepts focus almost exclusively on the technological strategies of efficiency and consistency (e.g., renewable energies), sufficiency is being increasingly considered in public policy as a social-organizational strategy, especially at the municipal level. However, given the diverse facets of this theoretical concept, the interpretations of the character of sufficiency vary widely. Using examples from the 40 German Masterplan municipalities, our qualitative study examines these different interpretations of sufficiency in municipal climate-protection concepts. In this study we analyze the general meaning and relevance of sufficiency in the concepts mentioned, work out the central dimensions of sufficiency and use them to distinguish between the different concepts, and present a typology, which allows the basic distinction between four municipal sufficiency types: technophiles, privatizers, vision builders, and frameworkers. The results show that sufficiency is gaining importance for municipal climate protection and can contribute to alternative future visions. However, sufficiency remains mostly subordinated to technological solutions and is hardly woven into the specific sectoral strategies and concrete measures. Furthermore, the transformative trajectories are limited through depoliticized understandings of sufficiency in many cases. We therefore argue for a more political, cross-sectoral, and transformative interpretation of sufficiency as a guiding principle in public climate policy that links tangible framework conditions for sufficiency practices with visions for alternative futures.

Surrogacy and the significance of gestation: Implications for law and policy.

Gestational surrogacy is ethically complex, generating very different responses in law and policy worldwide. This paper argues that contemporary surrogacy law and policy, across many jurisdictions, fail to give sufficient attention to the significance of the relationship between the child and the gestational surrogate. This failure risks repeating the mistakes of historical, discreditedapproaches to adoption and donor-assisted conception. This paper argues that proper recognition of the significance of gestation must be an organising principle in surrogacy law and policy. The paper begins by pointing to examples of surrogacy law and practice where the role of the gestator is unacceptably minimised, most notably the framing of the surrogate as a mere 'carrier'.It goes on to examine the nature of gestation, including consideration of contemporary scholarship on the metaphysics of pregnancyand emerging work in epigenetics, and argues that current evidence supports the view that the gestational relationship must be taken more seriously than it currently is. The paper then draws analogies with parenthood in donor-assisted conception and adoption to argue that approaches to parental status in novel family formations that fail to promote transparency and seek to deny the truth of familial relationships are doomed to fail. The paper concludes by suggesting some implications for law and policy that flow from placing sufficient emphasis on the gestational role. The overarching thesis of this paper is that gestational surrogacy is ethically permissible when these fundamental requirements are adhered to, and that surrogacy law should proceed on this basis.