Comprehensive Principles Research Articles

INTERSECTION BETWEEN PUBLIC POLICIES AND THE UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM (SUS): IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND THE PROVISION OF SERVICES TO THE POPULATION

The research aimed to analyze the intersection between public policies and the Unified Health System (SUS), assessing their implications for health management and the provision of services to the population. The methodology used included a literature review and the analysis of secondary data on the implementation of health policies in the context of the SUS. The results showed that, despite the principles of universality, comprehensiveness and equity of the SUS, management faces significant challenges, such as lack of resources, the need for an integrated approach and the importance of social participation. The analysis revealed that the articulation between public policies and the SUS is essential to promote equity in access to services and efficiency in the use of resources. It is concluded that strengthening the SUS and implementing public policies are essential to guarantee a health system that meets the needs of the population, requiring political and social commitment to overcome the obstacles faced.

The itinerary of children in search of healthcare: A scoping review and proposal of an explanatory model.

This scoping review mapped the academic literature focused on the therapeutic itinerary of children who seek care in health services and proposed an explanatory model to expand the concept and classification of these health itineraries. A total of 789 articles were reviewed, of which 28 were eligible for inclusion. In these 28 it was possible to observe that the child's therapeutic itinerary is more than a physical path, but also encompasses all choices within a specific social and cultural environment in which the child is inserted. Our proposal is to expand the concept beyond the therapeutic, classifying the itinerary also according to the objective, the decision-making agent, respect for the presence of company, the health subsystem used, according to the physical continuity of the itinerary, the perception of efficacy of the patient, the nature of the illness, the administration of healthcare, the means of transport used, the person providing information about the itinerary, the planning of the itinerary and its completeness. Knowing the child's itineraries toward healthcare allows the development of innovative discourses and practices for future public policies, through which the principles of comprehensiveness and resoluteness in children's health would be strengthened. There is still a need to deepen knowledge about the meanings and feelings regarding their interpretations of the events suffered in childhood.

Development and validation of China’s Environmental Citizenship Questionnaire: evidence from junior high school students

The cultivation of environmental citizens has become an important measure to cope with the environmental crisis, and the research on the knowledge, conceptions, skills, attitudes, values, and actions of environmental citizens using the Environmental Citizenship Questionnaire (ECQ) is becoming a research focus. The research on environmental citizenship in China mainly staying at the level of theoretical research and descriptive research due to the accuracy of the ECQ. The emergence of the ECQ-China Version is helpful to promote the empirical research on environmental citizenship in China.This study verifies the effectiveness of the ECQ by removing 16 ECQ items which are not suitable for Chinese culture and evaluating environmental citizen-related knowledge among 550 Chinese junior high school students. The ECQ-China Version, consisting of 75 items, showed convincing results for all measurements: students’ past and present environmental citizenship behavior and the essential skills, values, attitudes, and competence that an environmental citizen should be equipped with had a significant impact on students’ future environmental citizenship behavior. This study suggests that: (1) Environmental citizenship education should not only focus on knowledge education, but also include skills education. (2) Environmental citizenship education should adhere to comprehensive principles, focusing on innovative practice of ideas and methods. (3) China’s environmental citizenship education should focus on the cultivation of citizens’ ability to participate, so that environmental citizenship can become the driving force for sustainable environmental development.

ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE O SISTEMA DE SAÚDE DOS EUA E O SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE BRASILEIRO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

This article conducts a comparative analysis of the healthcare systems in the United States and Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS), examining structural and funding differences and their impact on healthcare access and quality. In the U.S., a predominantly private insurance based system supplemented by federal programs like Medicare and Medicaid grapples with challenges in achieving universal coverage and managing high healthcare costs despite the Affordable Care Act reforms. Conversely, Brazil’s SUS, founded on principles of universality and comprehensiveness, faces funding and operational efficiency issues despite significant health indicator improvements. The COVID-19 pandemic has tested the resilience of both systems, underscoring the need for robust and adaptable healthcare frameworks. The study concludes that ongoing dialogue and mutual learning between the systems can inform reforms aimed at enhancing population health and effectively managing health crises.

ESTUDO DE EMERGÊNCIAS ONCOLÓGICAS EM PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS: REVISÃO OBSERVATÓRIA

Care activities in intensive care units and for cancer patients are guided by the humanization of care and contribute to hospital management, seen as a challenge to be faced in order to promote advances in the implementation of health policy in Brazil. In this way, it is feasible to analyze in this study a reflection on the humanization of care provided to critically ill patients, the strategies of humanization and care in the ICU and in patients under palliative care, in order to identify improvements in the care of critically ill patients in a humanized way. The aim of this study is to identify, through literature reviews, the interventions of nursing professionals in assisting patients in palliative care in the area of pediatric oncology. The methodology used is bibliographical research, based on articles available on the internet. In Brazil, a number of problems persist in health institutions on a daily basis, which are rooted in the system and make it difficult to achieve the principles of universality, comprehensiveness and equity, which are fundamental to the Unified Health System (SUS). To work in the Oncology Unit and provide palliative care. Thus, health professionals must have specialized and qualified training, including experience acquired throughout their careers, as well as personal and professional development.

Advancing fracture management: the role of minimally invasive osteosynthesis in orthopedic trauma care.

Minimally Invasive Osteosynthesis (MIO) developed to be a key technique in orthopedic trauma surgery, offering a less invasive alternative for managing fractures in various anatomical regions. However, standardized guidelines for its application are lacking. This study aims to establish comprehensive principles for MIO to guide surgeons in treating different types of fractures and its locations. A retrospective analysis including 57 fractures in 53 patients was conducted. All patients were treated with MIO. Study range - March 2017 to January 2022 at a Level-I trauma university hospital. The analysis covered various fracture types, focusing on surgical approaches, reduction techniques, plate insertion methods, and its outcomes. The efficacy and safety of MIO was evaluated by analyzing complications, fracture healing time, and necessary revision surgeries. MIO is a versatile and effective fracture treatment that minimized soft tissue damage and ensured stable osteosynthetic results. Articular fractures typically used a "one way up" plate insertion technique, while non-articular fractures applied an "inside-up-and-down" approach. Low complication rates confirmed the safety and efficiency of MIO. This research established generalized principles for MIO, offering a systematic approach that can be applied for various fracture types and its locations, by overall enhancing the surgical efficiency as well as patient recovery, without compromising outcomes. This study is classified as Level III evidence according to "The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence".

“KOREAN WAVE” AS A MASSIVE POPULAR CULTURAL PHENOMENON OF THE MODERN TIME

Nowadays, young people from all over the world are fascinated by the mass popular culture of South Korea. This process of spread of Korean culture in the world came to be called “Korean current” or “Korean wave”, which became a kind of “Korean cultural boom”. The spread of the “Korean wave” has been compared to a viral disease that first spread throughout East Asia, then Southeast Asia, and eventually engulfed the entire world. Despite the fact that the phenomenon of the “Korean wave” had a sufficient public resonance, due to its novelty and unexpected emergence, it remains an understudied subject of scientific study, especially in the West and in particular in Ukraine. That is why the topic of this study is relevant nowadays. The aim of the article to investigate the mass cultural phenomenon “Korean wave”, to analyze its sources and dynamics of development, to characterize its inherent features, to determine the aspects of its spread and popularization, to investigate its influence on world society and culture, as well as to find out the peculiarities of its influence on the consciousness of the masses. The research methodology is based on a philosophical and cultural analysis of such a mass phenomenon of modern artistic culture as the “Korean wave”. When writing the work, we tried to adhere to the principles of objectivism, systematicity, comprehensiveness and multifactoriality. To comply with these principles, we used a number of general scientific and special methods in the research: comparative-historical, axiological, phenomenological, logical, retrospective, analytical-synthetic, socio-critical, systemic, structural-functional, generalizing and statistical. Adherence to these principles and methods made it possible to avoid bias and tendencies in judgments. Results. Such a mass cultural phenomenon as the “Korean wave” is a kind of entanglement of opposite principles: modern Western (progressive-innovative) and traditional Eastern (Confucian) cultural values. It manifests itself in the spread of fashion to everything Korean (or to be more precise, South Korean): not only K-pop, dramas, toys, clothes and other types of South Korean entertainment industry, but also Korean cuisine, household items, etc. In the past, despite the geographical proximity and cultural connectivity, for political reasons the countries of Asia largely suppressed cultural exchanges among themselves. China, Korea and Japan began to develop cultural ties between themselves relatively recently. It should also be noted that South Korea is a country that was previously considered a cultural periphery in international exchanges, now it plays an important role in the regionalization of mass culture as a whole in East and Southeast Asia and the product produced by it is considered a center of mass culture and one of the ways of cultural exchange throughout Asia. Conclusions. To sum up, we can say that the great popularity of the “Korean wave” is a kind of leap in the modern culture of South Korea. This phenomenon is represented not only by the synthesis of modern Western (European-American) culture and traditional Eastern (Korean), but also by the fact that in our time it has turned into a powerful locomotive of the entire South Korean economy, a kind of “dragon’s head”. The phenomenon of the “Korean wave” helps to raise the level of the image of South Korea as a prosperous country, and also visually demonstrates the modern South Korean culture to the world. The “Korean Wave” demonstrates to other countries in Asia and to the whole world in general that South Korea is not a periphery in our time, it is no longer a third world country, and it is as modern an urbanized country as most of the developed countries of the West, which has not only modernized its culture, but also spread it, and even managed to influence other countries and their cultures.

Funds of the state archive of the Kursk region on the state of industry in 1970-1980: industries and enterprises

Relevance. In the context of structural and quantitative changes in modern Russian industry and, in particular, in regional industry, it is relevant to turn to the history of the development of industrial production in the conditions of developed socialism. It was a period of opening new enterprises, increasing industrial production, and increasing labor productivity.Purpose. To investigate the branches and industrial enterprises of the Kursk region, which operated in the 1970s and 1980s. according to the funds of the State Archive of the Kursk region.Objectives: to analyze the scientific reference apparatus of the State Archive of the Kursk region for the detailed identification of industrial enterprises of the Kursk region in the period under study.Methodology. The author's methodology is based on the principles of objectivity and comprehensiveness. During the research, scientific methods were used: synthesis, analysis, generalization, ideographic.Results. In the study, the author gave a description of the industrial enterprises of the Kursk region operating in the 1970s and 1980s and their sectoral subordination.Conclusion. The Kursk region in the 1970s and 1980s was a developed industrial region. A large number of industrial enterprises of various industries were actively operating here: from mining, nuclear, machine-building to food. Enterprises that operated until October 1917 and then nationalized have been preserved in the region. Some of the enterprises were opened before the Great Patriotic War. But most of the enterprises in the region were built and began their production activities in the 1950s and 1960s. Having gone through numerous changes of sectoral subordination, the regional industry successfully developed in the 1970s and 1980s. This is evidence of the implementation of state policy aimed at boosting the economy through the development of industrial production.

Scientific investigations and educational literature from the history of Ukraine 1942—1944

The presented article continues the series of studio explorations conducted as part of the research work of the State Printing Archive in the current year of 2024. In accordance with the annual plan of the Book Chamber of Ukraine, the "State Printing Archive" department is processing printed editions of the 40s of the last century by revealing the most important topics of that time. Among the latter are historical-Ukrainian scientific and educational literature published during 1942—1944, i.e. in conditions when the territory of Ukraine was under occupation, and experts in the field of history, academic scientists, teachers of higher educational institutions and other people who were involved before writing this literature, were in evacuation. The presented article is written in accordance with the requirements of scientific methodology, is based on the principles of historicism, comprehensiveness and objectivity, applies general (description, analysis, synthesis, generalization, classification) and special (periodization, historical-comparative, content analysis) methods of scientific research. The scientific novelty of the presented work consists in the systematization and generalization of books published in 1942—1944 outside the territorial boundaries of Ukraine, but under the auspices of scientific and other literature-creating institutions of the Ukrainian SSR. The result of the conducted research was an analysis of the process of development of historical-Ukrainian science in the conditions of evacuation to the eastern regions of the Soviet Union. Currently little-used editions, whose bibliographic record and description were compiled by specialists of the Book Chamber of Ukraine, have been introduced into scientific circulation. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their application in future scientific research.

Data Visualisation of the National Bibliography of Sweden in 2015–2022

The aim of the article is to analyse the experience of visualising the national bibliography data as a method of studying the documentary flow of the country’s publishing products, and as a means of imaging publishing industry statistics (using the example of Sweden). Research methods. Achieving the set goal is carried out using a system of general scientific and special methods: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalisation, etc.), empirical (description), review and analytical, comparative, statistical, etc.). The methodological basis of the study are general scientific principles of objectivity, complexity, continuity and comprehensiveness. From the standpoint of scientific methodology, the issue is studied on the system approach basis. Scientific novelty. The conducted analysis of the project in data visualisation of the national bibliography of Sweden presents an original approach to imaging some certain bibliographic data set, studying the documentary flow of publishing products, conducting publishing statistics, and informing users more widely in an accessible form. Main conclusions. The national bibliography of Sweden presents current and quality statistics data on the country’s publishing products. Implemented by the Royal Library of Sweden, the project in bibliographic data visualisation shows that the national bibliography, as an authoritative and transparent indicator of tendencies in Swedish book publishing, makes it possible not only to analyse the products publication, but also to clearly and definitely visualise and illustrate it. Visualisation makes it possible to identify certain relationships in the set of information about new publications, to display the distribution of data, as well as composition and comparison. The project demonstrates the ability of the Royal Library of Sweden, as a national bibliographic agency, to effectively and efficiently adapt to the modern media-landscape, and respond to the current demands of time and the users’ needs. Mastering the Swedish experience in data visualisation can contribute to improving the Ukrainian bibliographic practice and transformation of the national bibliography of Ukraine in the digital environment.

Vulnerabilities mediating the Healthcare encounter: by an intersectional agency.

This essay elucidates the Healthcare and Intersectionality notions to prompt reflections on the interaction between healthcare professionals and individuals referred to as Nanás: elderly, poor, and Black women who represent a historically marginalized profile throughout Brazilian history. By delving into the arguments about the concept of Intersectionality and the multifaceted Care dimensions, it becomes apparent that there is a pressing need to broaden the perspective on women who access healthcare services, as they are inherently shaped by their life experiences. Moreover, it is imperative to acknowledge how the intersecting factors inherent in their profiles can influence the approach taken by those providing Care, which underscores the essentiality of an intersectional agency on the part of the agents involved in this encounter, namely the Nanás and healthcare workers, to effectively uphold the principles of comprehensiveness and equity within the Unified Health System (SUS).

Human Research Methodology

Scientific research methods are essential. Each science has its subject matter and different methodologies that produce different cognitive results. Science is human life, however, science becomes a metaphysical theory, it is governed by the methodology of philosophy in history or mathematics. Philosophy and mathematics are theoretical sciences, making the related sciences into models, ideals, and pure reason. The inability of science becomes human misfortune, science becomes strange to people. True science starts from human life and becomes a methodology for researching related scientific disciplines. When studying the outside world, people uphold the principles of objectivity, comprehensiveness, development, specific history, and practice. When studying life, the object is perceived that human beings are living in the process of creating abilities and needs that make life rich and diverse. Humans are both the subject and the object of scientific research. Interdisciplinary sciences have in common that they take human life as the object of research.

The Orthodox Brotherhood of Bishop Makarii (Opotskii) in the Context of Persecution in the Twentieth Century

The religious life of Orthodox believers under the conditions of persecution in the 20th century, especially from the mid-20s to the first half of the 40s, has not been sufficiently studied. Many communities, including brotherhoods, were forced to go underground due to the repressive policies of civil authorities. This is associated with a number of problems in providing this topic with archival sources. The article examines the life of the Orthodox brotherhood founded in 1924 by Bishop Makarii (Opotskii), which existed in several cities in northwestern Russia until 1942. The source base was not only materials from state and departmental but also private archives, as well as the results of field research. The article is based on the principles of historicism, comprehensiveness and scientific objectivity; methods of the micro-historical direction are used: historical-genetic, comparative; oral history method – interviews. The study showed that the brotherhood was able to survive all the waves of persecution of the 1920s and 1930s. In the 1920s, it showed noticeable resistance to Cherepovets renovationism and carried out legal activities within the framework of what was permitted by the civil authorities. The main activity was education. In 1937 it became illegal. The principles thanks to which the brotherhood managed to maintain its functionality were identified: concern for the presence of leaders, maximum maintenance of communication regardless of location, mutual trust between members of the community. Thanks to this, the brotherhood was able to practice such forms of religious life as common worship, regular participation in the sacraments, reading of the Holy Scriptures, sermons and spiritual conversations. It seems promising to compare the brotherhood of Bishop Makarii (Opotskii) with one or more similar communities operating in the same period or on the same territory

FINITARY UPPER LOGICISM

Abstract This paper proposes and partially defends a novel philosophy of arithmetic—finitary upper logicism. According to it, the natural numbers are finite cardinalities—conceived of as properties of properties—and arithmetic is nothing but higher-order modal logic. Finitary upper logicism is furthermore essentially committed to the logicality of finitary plenitude, the principle according to which every finite cardinality could have been instantiated. Among other things, it is proved in the paper that second-order Peano arithmetic is interpretable, on the basis of the finite cardinalities’ conception of the natural numbers, in a weak modal type theory consisting of the modal logic $\mathsf {K}$ , negative free quantified logic, a contingentist-friendly comprehension principle, and finitary plenitude. By replacing finitary plenitude for the axiom of infinity this result constitutes a significant improvement on Russell and Whitehead’s interpretation of second-order Peano arithmetic, itself based on the finite cardinalities’ conception of the natural numbers.

Territorial Communities of France in International Cooperation with Eastern Countries and Regions (20th-21st Centuries)

This article explores the formation and development of transregional relations of territorial communities of France with Eastern countries and regions. It examines the interplay of centrifugal and centripetal tendencies in the “center-regions” relationship of the French Republic. The analysis focuses on the normative framework of international and foreign policy activities of French territorial communities based on national constitution and legislation. Traditional close ties of French regions with partners from European countries are discussed, with a special emphasis on collaborations with countries in Eastern and Southern Mediterranean, as well as North Africa. Partnership with distant Eastern territories is separately examined. The study is based on a comprehensive methodology incorporating principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness, historical-systemic and historical-comparative approaches, as well as theoretical foundations of multilevel governance theory. It includes an examination of the activities of various administrative units in France: regions, departments, municipalities, cities, and metropolises. The conclusion drawn is that the international activities of French regions are currently less active than those of regions in other European Union countries; however, in the 21st century, they have significantly intensified compared to previous periods.

Research on the allocation scheme of carbon emission allowances for China's provincial power grids

The power industry is the industry with the highest carbon emissions in China, and the rational allocation of carbon quotas for the power industry is the key to the rational allocation of carbon quotas in China, while the transfer of carbon emissions generated by inter-provincial power trading makes it difficult to calculate the carbon emission quotas for power. The article calculates the comprehensive power carbon quota for each province based on the principles of equity(PEQ) and the principles of efficiency(PEF). The results of the study prove the following points. (1) There are significant differences in the carbon emission factors calculated for electricity generation and consumption in each province. (2) The western provinces with abundant electricity resources deliver electricity to the eastern and southern provinces to ensure their economic development, so the western provinces with higher inflows of electricity carbon emissions bear the carbon emission pressure of the eastern and southern provinces. (3) The provincial electricity carbon quota calculated by the principle of comprehensiveness(PC) takes into account social equity and economic efficiency, and the calculation results are more reasonable. This study achieves balanced regional development by reasonably allocating provincial electricity carbon quotas.

Problems of legal education development in Ukraine

ABSTRACT The issue of training qualified and respectable experts is especially relevant when Ukrainian lawyers are faced with unprecedented tasks, including the need to ensure the development of the rule of law or the protection and restoration of citizens’ violated rights caused by the military aggression of a neighboring state. This article aims to identify the primary problematic issues in law expert training and their causes and suggest the approaches and means necessary to form a reasonable and realistic model for legal education development. In order to fulfill the set aim, the authors used the method of philosophical dialectics, a system of general and special scientific methods of cognition, which are based on the principles of objectivity, comprehensiveness, and complexity. The authors suggest a comprehensive vision of directions for lawyer training reformation based on the analysis of the state of legal education and scientific sources covering the problems of student education. The article substantiates that it is necessary to consider this issue through the prism of legal practice needs and address the problems in accessing jobs in the degree field. This study outlines specific areas of reforming legal education and defines steps to take to improve the training of lawyers.

Methodology of Scientific Cognizance

Methodology in scientific research is essential. Each science has its own object, and different methodologies cause and result in different perceptions. Science is human life, however, science becomes metaphysical theory because it is conditioned by the methodology of philosophy or mathematics. Philosophy and mathematics are theoretical sciences, which makes the related sciences dream, ideal, and science fantasy. The helplessness of science becomes man's misfortune, science becomes alien to man. True science begins with real people living, that is human science. Human science becomes the methodology in the study of related sciences. When studying the outside world, people uphold the principles of objectivity, comprehensiveness, development, specific history, and research practice. When studying life, the perceived object begins to die from the real person, in the process, people always create possibilities and needs. The transformation between abilities, needs means and goals makes life rich and diverse. Humans are both subjects and objects of scientific research. The interdisciplinary sciences have in common that they take human activities as research objects.

Study on the Initial Allocation of Carbon Emission Rights Applicable to China's National Conditions: from the Perspective of Comprehensive Principles

<p>The scientific and reasonable allocation of initial carbon emission rights is the foundation of establishing and perfecting the carbon trading system, which is directly associated with the completion of carbon emission reduction targets. Guided by the rational distribution of China's carbon emission rights, this paper adopts a multi-index method to investigate the initial distribution of China's carbon emission rights from a regional perspective according to the comprehensive principles of fairness, efficiency, sustainability, and environmental capacity limit. The results show that the use of regional historical carbon emissions or economic factors as a single indicator of carbon emission rights distribution is unreasonable according to historical emissions or GDP, and the results are quite different from the actual demand. Under the overall coordination degree allocation model, it is reasonable for Region 2, Region 3, and Region 4 to undertake higher emission reduction responsibilities, and the emission reduction tasks in these regions are likely to be completed, which shows that the carbon emission rights allocation under the comprehensive principle is more in line with the actual demand and has good operability, robustness, and compatibility. The allocation of carbon emission quota requires the scientific and reasonable formulation of the total national allocation, that all provinces and cities can form a stable quota expectation, effectively design the allocation principle scheme, give consideration to fairness and operability, and do not share the responsibility of regional emission reduction with a one-size-fits-all approach.</p>

Immunomodulatory Effects of a Herbo-Mineral Ayurvedic Formulation in Experimental Models.

Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, encapsulates comprehensive principles and formulations for disease prevention and treatment. A herbo-mineral Ayurvedic formulation, IMMBO, comprising Mandoor Bhasma and 18 herbs has shown promising results in treating allergic rhinitis in clinical studies. This discussed series of experimental studies were conducted to explore the immuno-modulatory potential of IMMBO. A series of experimental studies were carried out in immunosuppressed rats to explore the immune-modulatory effects of IMMBO. IMMBO was effective in reinstating neutrophil activation, stimulating cellular and humoral immunity, and counteracting immunosuppression at the molecular level. The modulation of key signalling molecules, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κb), showcased the formulation's multifaceted impact. Additionally, its ability to block histamine release suggests potential in controlling allergic states, positioning it as a promising therapeutic candidate for immune-related disorders. However, the precise mode of action remains elusive, warranting further in-depth pharmacological studies. This research substantiates the ancient Ayurvedic wisdom using modern scientific parameters, endorsing IMMBO's potential as an immune-modulatory agent.