Principles Of Self-organization Research Articles

RUSSIAN ECONOMY: WHAT IS NOT ENOUGH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIES AND ENTERPRISES

The article attempts to assess the results of the development of the Russian economy from the moment of privatization to the present. The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that, despite significant resources, including human capital, the economy is stagnating, there are no structural reforms, and high-tech companies do not appear. The main thing is not creating conditions for business development on the principles of self-organization: entrepreneurship, initiative, personal competence and investment. Reforming the socio-economic system of the USSR has no historical analogue, and is perceived as a unique practice of testing some theoretical positions and hypotheses that guided researchers and entrepreneurs in the framework of a market economy, for example, the theory of market equilibrium, theory of the firm, theory of preferences, and others. Russia has demonstrated a kind of phenomenon, both from the point of view of theory and practice of market transformations, when it is not entrepreneurship, not the investment activity of business and the population, but the narrowly selfish interests of persons affiliated with the government, began to determine market processes, such an economy was called the «economy of individuals», And in the case of a direct focus on the state budget,» the economy of the distribution». The transformations could be based on the market experience of a large number of countries, both developed and developing (China), this has not been done. Time was lost on the creation of new jobs; in the industrial orientation of the state, there were no priorities for the development of important industries for national competitiveness. As a result, the economic growth was lost.

Ordered to volunteer? Institutional compatibility assessment of establishing agricultural cooperatives in Uzbekistan

In places where state has been historically the most dominant actor of all reforms, it can be particularly challenging to develop non-state forms of organization and governance such as agricultural cooperatives known to reduce transaction costs and utilize economies of scale. This paper explores the latest state policy on the development of agricultural cooperatives in Uzbekistan through the prism of its compatibility with the existing institutional conditions. An exploratory case study approach was used to conduct interviews with representatives of key actors involved in the policy formulation at the national scale and its implementation in two pilot provinces. Applying the analytical instruments of the procedure for institutional compatibility assessment (PICA) on the one hand and based on empirical insights from in-depth interviews (n = 22) and internal policy documents on the other hand, we have identified a set of crucial institutional aspects (CIAs) and their relative importance for the establishment of the cooperatives in Uzbekistan. In addition to the incompatibility of an excessively and exclusively regulatory nature of the intervention with the desired voluntary form of cooperatives’ organization, we find that main sources of the policy (in-)compatibility lie within the degrees of information asymmetry, farmers’ trust towards the state, and the capacity of the authorities. Although the state’s top-down approach was effective at quickly establishing the cooperatives formally, most farmers were informed about the policy only symbolically, who then remained largely skeptical about its value, and considered the state responsible for its implementation. The findings highlight the need for a change in broader institutional environment and allowing time for learning and internalization of self-organization principles by farmers in order to make the economic advantages of cooperatives possible.

Cardioids reveal self-organizing principles of human cardiogenesis

Organoids capable of forming tissue-like structures have transformed our ability to model human development and disease. With the notable exception of the human heart, lineage-specific self-organizing organoids have been reported for all major organs. Here, we established self-organizing cardioids from human pluripotent stem cells that intrinsically specify, pattern, and morph into chamber-like structures containing a cavity. Cardioid complexity can be controlled by signaling that instructs the separation of cardiomyocyte and endothelial layers and by directing epicardial spreading, inward migration, and differentiation. We find that cavity morphogenesis is governed by a mesodermal WNT-BMP signaling axis and requires its target HAND1, a transcription factor linked to developmental heart chamber defects. Upon cryoinjury, cardioids initiated a cell-type-dependent accumulation of extracellular matrix, an early hallmark of both regeneration and heart disease. Thus, human cardioids represent a powerful platform to mechanistically dissect self-organization, congenital heart defects and serve as a foundation for future translational research.

A Regional Intervention to Appoint Pediatric Emergency Care Coordinators in New England Emergency Departments.

The aim of this study was to describe our expansion of a Massachusetts grassroots initiative-to increase the appointment of pediatric emergency care coordinators (PECCs) in emergency departments (EDs)-to all 6 New England states. We conducted annual surveys of all EDs in New England from 2015 to 2020 regarding 2014 to 2019, respectively. Data collection included ED characteristics. The intervention from 2018 to 2019 relied on principles of self-organization and collaboration with local stakeholders including state Emergency Medical Services for Children agencies, American College of Emergency Physician state chapters, and Emergency Nursing Association state chapters to help encourage appointment of at least 1 PECC to every ED. Most ED leadership were contacted in person at regional meetings, by e-mail and/or telephone. We reached out to each individual ED to both educate and encourage action. Survey response rates were greater than 85% in all years. From 2014 to 2016, less than 30% of New England EDs reported a PECC. In 2017, 51% of EDs in New England reported a PECC, whereas in 2019, 91% of New England EDs reported a PECC. All other ED characteristics remained relatively consistent from 2014 to 2019. We successfully expanded a Massachusetts grassroots initiative to appoint PECCs to all of New England. Through individual outreach, and using principles of self-organization and creating collaborations with local stakeholders, we were able to increase the prevalence of PECCs in New England EDs from less than 30% to greater than 90%. This framework also led to the creation of a New England-wide PECC network and has fostered ongoing collaboration and communication throughout the region.

Self-organization of apical membrane protein sorting in epithelial cells.

Polarized epithelial cells are characterized by the asymmetric distribution of proteins between apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. This asymmetry is highly conserved and is fundamental to epithelial cell physiology, development, and homeostasis. How proteins are segregated for apical or basolateral delivery, a process known as sorting, has been the subject of considerable investigation for decades. Despite these efforts, the rules guiding apical sorting are poorly understood and remain controversial. Here, we consider mechanisms of apical membrane protein sorting and argue that they are largely driven by self-organization and biophysical principles. The preponderance of data to date is consistent with the idea that apical sorting is not ruled by a dedicated protein-based sorting machinery and relies instead on the concerted effects of oligomerization, phase separation of lipids and proteins in membranes, and pH-dependent glycan interactions.

Self-organized cell migration across scales - from single cell movement to tissue formation.

Self-organization is a key feature of many biological and developmental processes, including cell migration. Although cell migration has traditionally been viewed as a biological response to extrinsic signals, advances within the past two decades have highlighted the importance of intrinsic self-organizing properties to direct cell migration on multiple scales. In this Review, we will explore self-organizing mechanisms that lay the foundation for both single and collective cell migration. Based on in vitro and in vivo examples, we will discuss theoretical concepts that underlie the persistent migration of single cells in the absence of directional guidance cues, and the formation of an autonomous cell collective that drives coordinated migration. Finally, we highlight the general implications of self-organizing principles guiding cell migration for biological and medical research.

Sustainability of development of regional systems in transition to the economy of knowledge

The article analyzes the interrelationships of the main terms and concepts used in the investigation of the regional socio-economic system stability when changing to knowledge economy, digitalization of technological processes and management. The object of the research is complex social, ecological and economic systems of a regional scale. The subject of the research is the conceptual apparatus of the research on the stability of regional systems. Key terms and elements of the conceptual apparatus, related characteristics of regional systems that determine their composition and structure, dynamic characteristics, properties have been analyzed. The statement on the applicability of the principles of self-organization to each of the components of complex regional systems has been substantiated. Distinctive features of the regional social, ecological and economic system as a complex object, such as multicomponent, subjectivity, nonlinearity, as well as the activity of elements, subsystems and the system as a whole, have been considered. A conceptual model of development of such complex self-organizing regional socio-economic systems has been presented which determines the relationship between the concepts and the basic characteristics of systems used in behavior analysis. An approach based on the use of principles of self-organization has been proposed, which allows to present the structure of interrelationships of the basic characteristics of the development of regional systems. These principles include the principle of multivariance, the principle of freedom of choice of decisions according to D. Gabor, as well as the principle of external addition, according to which the assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of a complex system is assessed at the non-systemic level.

The validation system for reliability and survivability of unique mechanical systems

We propose a concept of the validation system for the properties of reliability and survivability of unique mechanical systems, the failures of which can result in accidents. The system is based on the principles of self-organization and provides the opportunity to consider off-design impacts of any origin, errors in design and operation based on the use of appropriate rules formulated by experts. The principles of self-organization are implemented by a mechanism based on the rules that step-by-step formulate the necessary tasks, the required expert systems and computing units to solve them, as well as on the rules directly linking negative factors and neutralizing their properties.

Programmed and self-organized flow of information during morphogenesis

How the shape of embryos and organs emerges during development is a fundamental question that has fascinated scientists for centuries. Tissue dynamics arise from a small set of cell behaviours, including shape changes, cell contact remodelling, cell migration, cell division and cell extrusion. These behaviours require control over cell mechanics, namely active stresses associated with protrusive, contractile and adhesive forces, and hydrostatic pressure, as well as material properties of cells that dictate how cells respond to active stresses. In this Review, we address how cell mechanics and the associated cell behaviours are robustly organized in space and time during tissue morphogenesis. We first outline how not only gene expression and the resulting biochemical cues, but also mechanics and geometry act as sources of morphogenetic information to ultimately define the time and length scales of the cell behaviours driving morphogenesis. Next, we present two idealized modes of how this information flows - how it is read out and translated into a biological effect - during morphogenesis. The first, akin to a programme, follows deterministic rules and is hierarchical. The second follows the principles of self-organization, which rests on statistical rules characterizing the system's composition and configuration, local interactions and feedback. We discuss the contribution of these two modes to the mechanisms of four very general classes of tissue deformation, namely tissue folding and invagination, tissue flow and extension, tissue hollowing and, finally, tissue branching. Overall, we suggest a conceptual framework for understanding morphogenetic information that encapsulates genetics and biochemistry as well as mechanics and geometry as information modules, and the interplay of deterministic and self-organized mechanisms of their deployment, thereby diverging considerably from the traditional notion that shape is fully encoded and determined by genes.

Evaluation of fitness state of sports training based on self-organizing neural network

Self-organization theory has become a hotspot in system engineering scientific theoretical research. However, there are few studies on autonomous adaptation to sports training from the perspective of self-organization theory, and the application of self-organizing neural network models in sports training is relatively rare. Guided by multidisciplinary knowledge and various scientific principles, this article uses modern scientific and technological achievements and adopts scientific training methods and means to implement optimal control over the entire process of sports training. Moreover, this article uses a self-organization theory that has the characteristics of new things and has been successfully used in other fields and neural network models to study sports training adaptation theory. The evaluation model of athletes' training adaptation status established by a self-organizing competitive neural network designed by self-organization principle also proves the feasibility of applying self-organization theory to sports training adaptation.

Formation of the model of the open production-and-economic system at the construction enterprise

The research is dedicated to the multi-structural model of the complex system at the construction enterprise as well as the model of structurally functional open production-and-economic system at the construction enterprise. The models are created for the acceptance of the justified managerial decisions and carrying out the applied research aimed at the efficiency of the construction enterprises functioning in the conditions of uncertainty, instability of the internal and external environment and heterogeneity of the indicators, which characterize the enterprise’s activity. The offered models are developed on the basis of the probability theory and the information theory; they are based on the principles of self-organization, openness of the complex systems, synergy and information-and-statistical approach. The concept of the open productive-and-economic system at the construction enterprise is considered, the content of the functions of the complex system at the construction enterprise is described, their stochastic and quasi-determined communications in the uniform information-and-statistical field of functioning are presented. Bit measurement for the whole set of functions, allowing to receive an adequate assessment of the complex open system behavior, is offered for further scientific and applied research, including the development of more exact forecasts and improvement of statistical heterogeneity of indicators.

Опанувальна поведінка та здатність до антиципування у молоді в соціальних мережах

The article proposes socio-psychological program for the development of anticipation of personality in terms of life changes, based on the principles of interconnection, continuous variability, dynamic equilibrium, irreversibility, relativity, self-organization, expansion, structuring, situational expediency, and differentiation in correctional development -, socio- and pathogenesis of the subjects. A significant increase in the level of personal-situational, spatial, general anticipatory ability in groups of young people and youth, increase in their internality of subjective control, general meaningfulness of life, focus on goals and effectiveness of life and the positive impact of these variables on prognostic competence and level of social maturity. According to the results of approbation and implementation of the program, the increase of attachment capacity is determined by its personal-situational and general components; dynamics of semantic systems at the content, structural, value, functional levels; constructive life strategies and internality, as well as the flexibility of coping behavior of the subjects in middle and late adulthood, which helped to increase their psychological well-being. The correctional and developmental work carried out within the program allowed to increase the level of anticipation ability in persons with manifestations of social maladaptation (according to the considered nosology), which ultimately affected the growth of achievement motivation, activity of life strategies; significant reduction of disintegration between value and accessibility in various spheres of life; multivariate forecasting and planning of events, in particular in the context of life changes, and to improve their social functioning in general. Key words: personality, mastery behavior, anticipation, social networks.

The effectiveness of public administration in the transformation of the economic system of Ukraine

The necessity of taking effective forms of management of the process of transformations of the national economy of Ukraine is determined. The efficiency of public management of economic processes based on the principles of integrity, coherence, openness, democracy, variability, optimality is proved. The principles of formation of the model of transformations of the economic system of Ukraine and its constituent elements are determined. The density of interrelations between the components of the economic system and the form of connections is established. In the course of the research it was determined that the application of the principles of public administration brings the economic system to a new level of existence and promotes the formation of a synergetic model of its transformations. Modern conditions of transformation of the national economy require consideration of the principles of organization and selforganization, which actualizes the principles of public administration: legality, objectivity, democracy, science, efficiency, publicity, separation of powers. It is established that mathematical modeling of the process of transformation of Ukraine’s economy should be carried out using a systematic approach, which allowed to consider the object of study as a system that is a set of interacting indivisible elements, which should be managed on the basis of law and publicity. The transformation of the national economy is a complex process, and its course leads to its irreversible qualitative development. In terms of research, the internal structure of the national economy is of great interest from the standpoint of changing it over time and establishing the decisiveness in this case of the factor of public administration. The experience gained in this area of application of such models shows their importance in the process of determining macroeconomic patterns, as well as the possibility of their use to predict the likely consequences of macroeconomic decisions while maintaining existing relationships. The synergetic nature of the effectiveness of public management of transformations of the economic system of the components of the transformation model is proved. The degree of effectiveness of public management of the transformation of the economic system of Ukraine is determined, which is proved by the actual indicators of efficiency of the national economy.

КОНТРОЛЬНІ КАРТИ ШУХАРТА В ДЕРЖАВНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ

The low level of Ukraine’s economic security indicates the imperfection of the public administration system. Correlation analysis has shown that economic growth is the dominant condition for social goals achieving of sustainable development. Therefore, the methodological basis for the development of effective measures of public administration of economic security is the provisions of the theory of sustainable development. The foundation of the sustainable development theory is the synergetic principles of self-organization of systems, in particular, the chaos theory. The turbulence of the trajectory of the country’s economic system makes it susceptible to management in the context of unforeseen events («black swans») and economic crises, provoked by medium-long cycles. Today, the COVID-19 pandemic can serve as an example of the «Black Swan» event for the economic systems of the global world. Therefore, the strategic task of public administration in times of chaos should be to maintain the homeostatic balance of the economic system while simultaneously finding new alternatives (attractors) for its sustainable development. To diagnose the economic system state by the level of security (homeostasis) the threshold (permissible, stable) limits of the values of indicators are fundamental, to characterize the level of protection of national economic interests. In domestic practice, to define safety indicator thresholds are used primarily heuristic methods, which based on the expert’s experience and intuition. The subjectivity inherent in heuristic methods does not exclude fundamental errors in the state diagnosis of the economic system by safety level. To prevent subjectivity, it is suggested to use Shewhart’s control charts. The Shewhart’s theory largely corresponds to the basic provisions of the theories of Sustainable Development and the Black Swan. To identify periods of «chaos» and «order» (an unruly and manageable management process) of the development trajectory of the socio-economic system, it is advisable to use combined XmR-chart. The article provides an example of the interpretation of the build XmR-map results for analyzing the manageability of the process of ensuring the Ukraine’s economic security during 1990-2019 years.

СИНЕРГЕТИЧНА РОЛЬ РЕКРЕАЦІЙНИХ ЦИКЛІВ У ВІДТВОРЕННІ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ ТА РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ СФЕРИВ УМОВАХ СОЦІАЛЬНО ОРІЄНТОВАНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The view that the successful development of tourism in the country is an important prerequisite for the formation of a socially oriented market economy and contributes to the reproduction of human capital has been substantiated in the article. The social essence of tourism, which is manifested in universal accessibility, democracy, humanization, as well as the implementation of the principles of partnership and intercultural interaction has been revealed. The role of recreational activities and, accordingly, the quality of recreational needs of each person in the reproduction of human capital has been substantiated. Based on the results of the study of social, economic, geographical and environmental aspects of recreational zoning, a conclusion has been made about the need to diversify the spatio-temporal combinations of recreational activities in recreational cycles. As the formation of recreational needs is influenced by a large number of interrelated (and sometimes contradictory) factors, it is advisable to use a nonlinear approach to develop a program to meet them. In addition, recreational activities take place in a non-linear recreational environment, which is a combination of natural and anthropogenic elements, the interaction of which can cause both favorable and negative effects on the results of planned and amateur recreational activities. It has been proved in the article that recreational cycles are formed on a synergetic basis: the dominance of the principles of self-organization at the personal level is balanced by coordinating measures at the social level. It has been suggested to supplement the system of concepts of recreational activities with the term "recreational time management", which is appropriate to denote a system of organizational, economic and socio-psychological measures aimed at creating conditions for optimal distribution of time between different recreational activities within the cycle of recreational activities. the vacationer to restore his own physical and spiritual strength as soon as possible. The use of time management techniques in combination with the principles of recreational zoning will ensure the achievement of optimal spatial and temporal indicators of recreation. The synergy of combining tourism and recreation in the context of increasing social and economic effects with a simultaneous reduction of the recreational loading on the natural complex has been substantiated.

Self-assembly of differentiated progenitor cells facilitates spheroid human skin organoid formation and planar skin regeneration.

Self-assembly of solid organs from single cells would greatly expand applicability of regenerative medicine. Stem/progenitor cells can self-organize into micro-sized organ units, termed organoids, partially modelling tissue function and regeneration. Here we demonstrated 3D self-assembly of adult and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial progenitors into both, planar human skin in vivo and a novel type of spheroid-shaped skin organoids in vitro, under the aegis of human platelet lysate.Methods: Primary endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), skin fibroblasts (FBs) and keratinocytes (KCs) were isolated from human tissues and polyclonally propagated under 2D xeno-free conditions. Human tissue-derived iPSCs were differentiated into endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs), fibroblasts (hiPSC-FBs) and keratinocytes (hiPSC-KCs) according to efficiency-optimized protocols. Cell identity and purity were confirmed by flow cytometry and clonogenicity indicated their stem/progenitor potential. Triple cell type floating spheroids formation was promoted by human platelet-derived growth factors containing culture conditions, using nanoparticle cell labelling for monitoring the organization process. Planar human skin regeneration was assessed in full-thickness wounds of immune-deficient mice upon transplantation of hiPSC-derived single cell suspensions.Results: Organoids displayed a distinct architecture with surface-anchored keratinocytes surrounding a stromal core, and specific signaling patterns in response to inflammatory stimuli. FGF-7 mRNA transfection was required to accelerate keratinocyte long-term fitness. Stratified human skin also self-assembled within two weeks after either adult- or iPSC-derived skin cell-suspension liquid-transplantation, healing deep wounds of mice. Transplant vascularization significantly accelerated in the presence of co-transplanted endothelial progenitors. Mechanistically, extracellular vesicles mediated the multifactorial platelet-derived trophic effects. No tumorigenesis occurred upon xenografting.Conclusion: This illustrates the superordinate progenitor self-organization principle and permits novel rapid 3D skin-related pharmaceutical high-content testing opportunities with floating spheroid skin organoids. Multi-cell transplant self-organization facilitates development of iPSC-based organ regeneration strategies using cell suspension transplantation supported by human platelet factors.

Low rattling: A predictive principle for self-organization in active collectives.

Self-organization is frequently observed in active collectives as varied as ant rafts and molecular motor assemblies. General principles describing self-organization away from equilibrium have been challenging to identify. We offer a unifying framework that models the behavior of complex systems as largely random while capturing their configuration-dependent response to external forcing. This allows derivation of a Boltzmann-like principle for understanding and manipulating driven self-organization. We validate our predictions experimentally, with the use of shape-changing robotic active matter, and outline a methodology for controlling collective behavior. Our findings highlight how emergent order depends sensitively on the matching between external patterns of forcing and internal dynamical response properties, pointing toward future approaches for the design and control of active particle mixtures and metamaterials.

Динамика восстановления нарушенных земель горнодобывающей отрасли в соответствии с принципом самоорганизации природных систем и ее прогнозирование по спутниковым данным

Environmental issues associated with the development of mineral deposits are largely caused by the need to store mining and processing waste which becomes a source of environmental pollution. Large areas of dumped ore processing wastes determine the expediency of applying satellite data to monitor the environmental condition of the disturbed lands in order to make justified decisions on restoring the integrity of natural landscapes, which is crucial for the Arctic regions. The purpose of the research is to use the satellite data as the basis to reveal the dynamics of plant formation on the surrounding natural terrain when implementing the technology developed in the Mining Institute of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in accordance with the self-organizing principle of natural systems in the framework of the rock-biota system evolution. This is achieved by introducing a gramineous plant community without creating a fertile layer, which creates a biologically active environment. Analysis of the vegetation index obtained from a time series of the satellite data that characterizes the introduced vegetational change of the gramineous plant community on the bund wall slopes at the Khibiny group of apatite-containing ore deposits demonstrates the determinant influence of phytocoenotic factors on the recovery dynamics of natural ecosystems. A geobotanical study of the monitoring site has shown that in transition from the introduced gramineous to the forest stage of vegetational change, we observe a tier structure and large-scale resettlement of species from the adjacent natural areas, which is consistent with an increase in the vegetation index and allows to predict the dynamics of the natural ecosystem recovery.

Multifaceted activities of transcription factor EB in cancer onset and progression.

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) represents an emerging player in cancer biology. Together with microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, transcription factor E3 and transcription factor EC, TFEB belongs to the microphthalmia family of bHLH-leucine zipper transcription factors that may be implicated in human melanomas, renal and pancreatic cancers. TFEB was originally described as being translocated in a juvenile subset of pediatric renal cell carcinoma; however, whole-genome sequencing reported that somatic mutations were sporadically found in many different cancers. Besides its oncogenic activity, TFEB controls the autophagy-lysosomal pathway by recognizing a recurrent motif present in the promoter regions of a set of genes that participate in lysosome biogenesis; furthermore, its dysregulation was found to have a crucial pathogenic role in different tumors by modulating the autophagy process. Other than regulating cancer cell-autonomous responses, recent findings indicate that TFEB participates in the regulation of cellular functions of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the emerging role of TFEB in regulating cancer cell behavior and choreographing tumor-microenvironment interaction. Recognizing TFEB as a hub of network of signals exchanged within the tumor between cancer and stroma cells provides a fresh perspective on the molecular principles of tumor self-organization, promising to reveal numerous new and potentially druggable vulnerabilities.

Социальные сети, их базовые факторы, а также роль в обществе и государстве в условиях цифровой трансформации

Society is historically associated with the state, which plays the role of an institution of power and government. The main task of the state is life support, survival, development of society and the sovereignty of the country. The main mechanism that the state uses to implement these functions is natural social networks. They permeate every cell of society, all elements of the country and its territory. However, they can have a control center, or act on the principle of self-organization (network centrism). The web is a universal natural technology with a category status in science. The work describes five basic factors of any social network, in particular the state, as well as what distinguishes the social network from other organizational models of society. Social networks of the state rely on communication, transport and other networks of the country, being a mechanism for the implementation of a single strategy and plan. However, the emergence of other strong network centers of competition for state power inevitably leads to problems — social conflicts and even catastrophes in society due to the destruction of existing social institutions. The paper identifies the main pitfalls using alternative social networks that destroy the foundations of the state and other social institutions, which leads to the loss of sovereignty, and even to the complete collapse of the country.