Динамика восстановления нарушенных земель горнодобывающей отрасли в соответствии с принципом самоорганизации природных систем и ее прогнозирование по спутниковым данным

Abstract

Environmental issues associated with the development of mineral deposits are largely caused by the need to store mining and processing waste which becomes a source of environmental pollution. Large areas of dumped ore processing wastes determine the expediency of applying satellite data to monitor the environmental condition of the disturbed lands in order to make justified decisions on restoring the integrity of natural landscapes, which is crucial for the Arctic regions. The purpose of the research is to use the satellite data as the basis to reveal the dynamics of plant formation on the surrounding natural terrain when implementing the technology developed in the Mining Institute of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in accordance with the self-organizing principle of natural systems in the framework of the rock-biota system evolution. This is achieved by introducing a gramineous plant community without creating a fertile layer, which creates a biologically active environment. Analysis of the vegetation index obtained from a time series of the satellite data that characterizes the introduced vegetational change of the gramineous plant community on the bund wall slopes at the Khibiny group of apatite-containing ore deposits demonstrates the determinant influence of phytocoenotic factors on the recovery dynamics of natural ecosystems. A geobotanical study of the monitoring site has shown that in transition from the introduced gramineous to the forest stage of vegetational change, we observe a tier structure and large-scale resettlement of species from the adjacent natural areas, which is consistent with an increase in the vegetation index and allows to predict the dynamics of the natural ecosystem recovery.