Market Price Research Articles

Tanggung Jawab Asuransi Astra Terhadap Tertanggung Atas Kehilangan Sepeda Motor Yang Masih Dalam Proses Kredit

The Insured receives goods in the form of a motorbike on credit and then installments are made to complete the payment in full in accordance with the policy agreement between the Astra Insurance Company and the Insured. The Insurer's guarantee for loss or damage to motor vehicles provided to the Insured in the policy is coverage for collision, impact, overturning, falling over, wrongdoing, malicious acts, theft preceded or followed by acts of violence, fire, wheel damage due to accidents, and reasonable costs incurred for maintenance or transportation to a repair shop. The responsibility provided by Astra Insurance is based on the Standard Indonesian Motor Vehicle Insurance Policy based on partial loss or total loss. The insurance claim given is in cash, according to the market price of the motorbike at the time of the incident minus the amount of outstanding installment debt. The method used in this research is normative juridical legal research. The focus of legal research is by examining the application of rules or norms in applicable positive law. The author uses a statutory regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. The result of study is the liability given based on partial loss is calculated based on the cost of repairs required or replacement of damaged vehicle parts, and the total loss given is calculated based on the actual price, namely the market price of the motor vehicle at the time of the loss. Insurance claims given by Astra Insurance are in the form of cash, not in the form of vehicle units according to the initial installment contract. Astra Insurance will replace a number of losses with money based on the market price of the motorbike at the time of the incident minus the amount of installment debt still owed. Keywords : Astra Insurance ; Credit; Insurance Rerponsibility.

Impelementation of Marketing Strategies as an Effort to Increase Costumer Loyalty at Dapur Cita Rasa Berkah Sukorejo

The culinary business is a crisis-resistant business because food is a basic human need. With the growth of the culinary business, Kopontren Musa’adah owned by Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo seized this opportunity by opening a culinary venture named Dapur Cita Rasa Berkah. To increase consumer loyalty, Dapur CRB uses the 7P marketing mix strategy, including product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence. Using a qualitative descriptive research method, this study found that Dapur CRB utilizes members of Kopontren Musa’adah for promotions, offers a varied menu selection, is located in a densely populated residential area with an attractive layout for dining, relaxing, and meetings, provides Cash On Delivery (COD) service, and despite having many close competitors, conducts price comparisons directly in the field. They also offer packaging options tailored to the price for take-away purchases, and all tasks are carried out by 10 employees. The challenge faced is that the number of employees at Dapur Cita Rasa Berkah is only 10 people, divided into 2 work shifts, which is not proportional to the orders received, and the lack of understanding among employees regarding marketing strategies.

Livelihood Assets and Households Vulnerability toward Food Commodity Price: An Evidence from Post-Disaster Community in Banda Aceh

The recovery process following the 2004 mega-disaster and the Covid-19 pandemic have significant implications for the dynamics of change and community resilience in Banda Aceh. A resilient community is characterized by the ability to adapt to various threat risks, including volatile market conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate livelihood assets in Banda Aceh and the influence on households vulnerability to fluctuation in the market price of food commodity. To achieve this objective, the study used a questionnaire survey method with 560 household heads as the unit of analysis spread across 28 villages in Banda Aceh. Furthermore, data were analyzed using a descriptive method to calculate livelihood assets and vulnerability index, along with multiple linear regression to analyze the effect of livelihood capital on vulnerability. The results showed that the condition of human and financial capital was still weak compared to social and physical capital. Households also had a high level of vulnerability to fluctuation in food prices. Statistically, human, financial, and social capital had a significant effect on households vulnerability. This study showed the importance of fostering both human and financial capital at the households level to improvequality of life and economic resilience. There were also needs for initiatives to improve social networks as a means of adapting to unexpected events.

Sustainable Agricultural Transformation: Insights from the Emilia-Romagna Region

Today, Kazakhstan's agricultural industry remains one of the most risk-prone, heavily influenced by adverse weather conditions, volatile market prices, and insufficient infrastructure. The study aims to assess opportunities for enhancing Kazakhstan's agricultural sector's competitiveness through the adoption of smart technologies, drawing lessons from the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy. The research employs a combination of comparative analysis and case study methodologies to evaluate the applicability of international best practices in the context of Kazakhstan's agricultural development. The study relies on a variety of data sources, including government reports, international case studies, and performance metrics from both Kazakhstan and the Emilia Romagna Region. The findings demonstrate that integrating technologies such as IoT, robotics, and blockchain can improve productivity, sustainability, and market attractiveness in the agricultural sector. The study also highlights the need to enhance farmer and manager competencies and promote family businesses and cooperatives. By adopting these strategies, Kazakhstan could address the existing challenges in its agricultural sector, reduce vulnerabilities, and create a more robust agro-industrial ecosystem. Future research should focus on developing specific pilot programs that apply these integrated approaches at a regional level, as well as assessing the long-term impacts of digital and sustainable practices in enhancing the competitiveness of Kazakhstan's agricultural sector.

THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GUARANTEED AND INTERVENTION PRICES ON FOOD SECURITY

Improving food security in contemporary conditions directly depends on solving numerous issues. It is crucial to consider that the processes of globalization significantly impact food security. In countries where the influence of import channels on the food market is high, this often leads to a deterioration in food security. Therefore, there is an urgent need for state regulation measures. The regulatory measures implemented by the government to improve food security, especially in the context of globalization and market economies, involve the application of guaranteed and intervention prices. The implementation of both guaranteed and intervention prices is considered one of the indirect tools for regulating the food market and does not contradict the fundamental principles of market economies. The application of these price controls particularly involves the government's procurement processes, which stabilize market prices and the incomes of agricultural producers. Such interventions create favorable conditions for stabilizing food prices and improving food security. In this environment, it becomes possible to improve food security by ensuring equal access to the food market for producers. Imbalances in the food market, particularly among low-income populations, can lead to food security issues.

Synergistic role of rootstock and grafting in boosting growth, yield, and quality of cucumber cultivation

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a widely grown and highly valued cucurbitaceous vegetable crop, commanding premium prices in the vegetable market. However, intensive cultivation and monocropping practices have led to significant challenges in cucumber production, particularly in greenhouses, due to root-knot nematode and soil-borne diseases. Grafting has emerged as an alternative approach to boost abiotic stress tolerance and mitigate root diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens, thereby improving crop productivity. A study was conducted during 2023-2024 on the farmer’s field to explore the interactive effects of various grafting techniques by grafting a hybrid cucumber scion onto various local rootstocks. The experiment evaluated the performance of the hybrid cucumber scion Emistar, grafted onto four rootstocks: fig-leaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), ash gourd (Benincasa hispida), and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). Two grafting techniques-hole insertion and splice grafting, were tested using different scion-rootstock combinations. The study evaluated growth, yield, and fruit quality under controlled environmental conditions. The results indicated that the pumpkin rootstock outperformed the other rootstocks, particularly when grafted using the hole insertion techniques. This combination achieved the earliest flowering (26.33 days), longest plant growth (455.77 cm), and highest fruit yield (8.07 kg). In contrast, splice grafting on bottle gourd resulted in slower growth and lower yields. Additionally, hole insertion grafting on pumpkin produced superior fruit characteristics, including the longest fruits (16.43 cm), largest diameter (9.1cm), highest fruit weight (147.24 g), and the highest TSS content (2.85ºBrix). Correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted strong positive relationships between yield and growth traits, emphasizing the superiority of the pumpkin rootstock for cucumber grafting. The study showed vigorous rootstocks like pumpkin can significantly enhance cucumber growth and yield through improved nutrient uptake, hormone translocation, and optimized grafting techniques.

Analyzing the Impact of Anchoring Bias on People in Economics Through Examples

Anchoring bias is a cognitive bias observed when individuals overly depend on the first piece of information they receive, known as the "anchor," when making decisions or estimations. Despite receiving new information, people frequently do not adjust their initial judgments sufficiently, resulting in biased conclusions. This bias has been extensively studied since its identification by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in the early 1970s. In the context of finance, anchoring bias impacts investment choices and assessments of asset values, potentially leading to suboptimal investment strategies and misjudgments about fair market values. For instance, if an item is initially priced high and then discounted, consumers may perceive the discount as a good deal, irrespective of the item's intrinsic value. Even in macroeconomic forecasts, anchoring bias is evident as analysts incorporate additional relevant information beyond just anchoring on past data, suggesting a complex decision-making process. Understanding anchoring bias is essential as it aids in developing strategies to mitigate its negative impacts, improving decision-making processes. It also contributes to the creation of more accurate pricing models and market forecasts, enhancing financial advice and market efficiency. Research into anchoring bias offers insights into how initial information can distort thinking and lead to irrational decisions, providing valuable knowledge for policymakers, businesses, educators, and individuals aiming to make more informed decisions.

Regulation of Pear Fruit Quality: A Review Based on Chinese Pear Varieties

Fruit quality is one of the most important economic traits of fruit crops, directly influencing market prices and orchard revenues. Enhancing fruit quality has therefore become a critical objective in both fruit production and scientific research. External quality traits of fruits typically include size, coloration, shape, uniformity, and consistency. Internal quality traits refer to the nutritional value of fruits, which largely determine their flavor and palatability. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the formation and regulatory mechanisms of fruit quality, with numerous key functional genes associated with quality traits being identified. While substantial advancements have been achieved in studying specific aspects of fruit quality, there remains a lack of comprehensive and systematic reviews addressing the overall physiology of fruit quality, the interplay among various quality traits, and the diversity of regulatory mechanisms. Using Chinese pears as an example, this review summarizes the research progress in fruit quality regulation over the past five years. Key aspects include metabolic regulation of fruit traits such as sweetness, color, texture, and physiological disorders; factors influencing stone cell formation; sugar content regulation; roles of plant hormones including ethylene, gibberellins, and abscisic acid; translational regulation and post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination, methylation, and acetylation; as well as the application of genomic sequencing technologies. Furthermore, the review offers practical suggestions for improving pear fruit quality and provides insights for researchers in related fields. Finally, future trends in fruit quality research are discussed, offering a forward-looking perspective for advancing the field.

Betel vine (Piper betle L.) farmers’ marketing behaviour: An analysis using the com-b model and multiple linear regression technique

Betel leaf, known as the ‘Green Gold of India’, has significant commercial potential, poised to boost foreign exchange reserves. The present study aims to understand marketing dynamics and improve farmers’ incomes. A mixed method survey, employing sociogram analysis and the COM-B model included 400 randomly selected farmers from Kumbakonam, Thanjavore district. Findings reveal a predominant reliance on village-level traders (43.08%), followed by commission agents (31.12%), export organizations (17.38%) and consumers (8.42%). Analysis of the COM-B model underscores the crucial roles of extension personnel and family support in marketing endeavours in highlighting challenges viz., market price awareness deficiency (31.80%) and ad-hoc selling practices driven by immediate cash needs (29.80%). Multiple Linear regression analysis indicates that COM factors account for 40.60% of the variance in marketing behaviour. The study emphasizes state intervention to enhance betel vine growers’ marketing strategies, including training, demonstrations, policy formulation, and storage facilities, to boost income.

Unravelling the Constraints Associated with Groundnut Marketing: A Comprehensive Review

This review identifies and analyzes constraints in groundnut marketing systems, particularly for smallholder farmers in developing regions. It proposes strategies to enhance efficiency, profitability, and sustainability, thereby improving farmers' livelihoods. A comprehensive literature review of academic journals, policy reports, and case studies identifies key constraints in groundnut marketing. The review utilizes a structured conceptual framework that encompasses supply chain structure, market dynamics, institutional and policy environments, socioeconomic factors and draws on theoretical foundations such as Transaction Cost Economics, Value Chain Analysis, Market Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm, Rural Livelihoods Framework, and Supply Chain Risk Management. The study also applied economic and supply chain management theories to groundnut marketing, emphasizing the relevance of Transaction Cost Economics, Value Chain Analysis, and the Market Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm. This theoretical framework can be adapted for other agricultural commodities facing similar constraints. The review identifies critical constraints in groundnut marketing, including fluctuating market prices, inadequate storage facilities, limited access to credit, lack of market information, and high transaction costs. These are exacerbated by poor infrastructure, fragmented supply chains, and socioeconomic barriers, indicating the need for holistic, context-specific interventions. The review suggests practical interventions including investment in infrastructure development, enhancing market information accessibility through digital platforms, fostering farmer cooperatives, and implementing price stabilization mechanisms. These measures can empower smallholder farmers, improve market access, and increase profitability. Policymakers, development agencies, and private sector stakeholders can leverage these insights to formulate targeted support programs for groundnut farmers.

The Impact of China’s Natural Forest Logging Ban on Chinese and International Timber Markets: A Counterfactual Analysis Based on Predicted Market Price

China’s implementation of the Comprehensive Commercial Logging Ban in All Natural Forests is deemed as disrupting the stability of both Chinese and international timber markets and has raised widespread concerns about deforestation leakage on a global scale. Clarifying the impact of the logging ban on the Chinese and international timber markets is essential for formulating effective policies and taking collaborative actions to improve the stability of both timber markets and promote the sustainable development of global forest resources. This study examines the causal effects of the logging ban on Chinese and international timber markets by conducting a counterfactual analysis of Chinese domestic and imported timber prices with the synthetic control method. Unlike most previous studies that revealed significant price increases in both markets as a result of the logging ban, our results show that there are no significant causal effects between the logging ban and the price changes in Chinese and international timber markets. As China made extensive efforts in plantation cultivation and harvesting and substantially improved its domestic timber supply capacity, the logging ban has only produced a limited impact on the Chinese domestic timber market and has not disrupted the international timber market through trade. Therefore, China’s logging ban policy has not protected its own forest resources at the expense of deforestation in other countries, and it has provided a practical reference for the formulation of forest protection policies and sustainable forest management.

Dynamic model of currency exchange based on investor behavior

In the modern financial environment, cryptocurrencies have gained significant popularity, becoming an important element of the global economy and financial markets. The dynamic development of blockchain technologies and decentralized financial instruments fosters increased interest from both private investors and institutional players. However, the high volatility of cryptocurrencies and the complexity of the mechanisms behind their price formation necessitate a detailed study of these processes. This paper models cryptocurrency exchange operations, analyzing price formation influenced by buying, selling, and introducing new crypto coins to the market. The system simulates investor behavior with individual parameters: initial balances, risk profiles, and profit-driven trading strategies over a specified period. The model takes into account the psychological aspects of investor behavior, their reaction to changing market conditions, and the impact of external factors such as news and regulatory changes. Special attention is paid to analyzing the impact of adding additional quantities of coins to the exchange at a reduced price during peak cryptocurrency price values. This creates conditions for activating trading operations, increasing liquidity, and affecting overall market dynamics, particularly volatility and price fluctuation trends. The study shows how such interventions can be used to stabilize the market or stimulate its further growth. The analysis of the obtained data allows for detailed observation of changes in the cryptocurrency’s value over time, identifying patterns and trends. Using statistical and analytical methods, the impact of different investor strategies on their financial results and the overall market situation was investigated. This enables assessing how investor decisions-timing, trade volume, and market reactions-impact profits and market dynamics. The research emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of market mechanisms and trading psychology and can serve as a basis for developing effective trading strategies on cryptocurrency exchanges. The obtained results may be useful for traders, financial analysts, and developers of algorithmic trading systems, contributing to increased efficiency and stability of cryptocurrency markets. Moreover, the findings of the work can be applied to improve regulatory approaches and policies regarding cryptocurrencies.

A Study of Option Pricing Models with Market Price Adjustments: Empirical Analysis Beyond the Black-Scholes Model

A Study of Option Pricing Models with Market Price Adjustments: Empirical Analysis Beyond the Black-Scholes Model

Can Collaboration Promote Corporate Social Responsibility? Evidence From the Lab

ABSTRACTDo agreements among competitors regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) promote public‐interest objectives? We address this question theoretically and experimentally in a duopoly framework in which firms choose between offering a “fair” and an “unfair” good to consumers. When the unfair good is traded, a negative externality is imposed on a third party. We vary whether or not the firms are allowed to coordinate on the type of good they sell, while remaining in price competition. We experimentally find, as the theory predicts, that only pairs of firms with low other‐regarding preferences take the opportunity to coordinate CSR to differentiate their products, implying an increase in trade of the fair good. Yet there is an indication that consumers are harmed on balance. In the total sample, there is no significant impact on the fraction of fair goods traded, average market prices, producer surplus, and consumer surplus. Other‐regarding preferences seem more important drivers of socially responsible behavior than opportunities for firms to coordinate their CSR activities.

Research on Production Process Decision Making Based on Dynamic Programming and Simulated Annealing Algorithm

In this paper, a comprehensive decision model based on dynamic programming and simulated annealing algorithm is constructed to solve the decision optimization problem of an enterprise in the production of popular electronic products. By analyzing each stage of the production process in detail, including parts purchase, inspection, assembly and finished product inspection, and combining the defective rate, inspection cost, market price and return loss and other key parameters of each stage, a scheme for optimizing production decision is formed. In this paper, the dynamic programming method is used to optimize the production path, and the simulated annealing algorithm is introduced to solve the larger scale production planning problem, and the detection and treatment strategy in the production process of enterprises is optimized. Finally, it provides an effective decision-making basis for enterprises to obtain the maximum production profit under uncertain conditions.

A Hybrid LSTM-KNN Framework for Detecting Market Microstructure Anomalies:

This paper proposes a novel hybrid LSTM-KNN framework for detecting market microstructure anomalies in high-frequency credit default swap (CDS) markets. The framework integrates the temporal learning capabilities of Long Short-Term Memory networks with the pattern recognition strengths of K-Nearest Neighbors classification to identify price jumps and market anomalies. Through analysis of high-frequency CDS market data spanning from 2020 to 2023, encompassing over 2.5 million data points from five major CDS indices, the research demonstrates significant improvements in jump detection accuracy. The hybrid model achieves a 92.8% accuracy rate, representing a 15.2% improvement over traditional statistical methods and an 8.5% enhancement compared to standalone deep learning approaches. The framework maintains computational efficiency with an average processing latency of 48.2 milliseconds, enabling real-time market applications. The empirical analysis reveals strong correlations between detected jumps and market liquidity conditions, with bid-ask spreads and order book imbalances identified as critical predictive indicators. The research contributes to both theoretical understanding of market microstructure dynamics and practical applications in risk management and market surveillance.

Harga Jual UMKM Tenun Sambas Naik Kelas

This research aims to determine the ideal selling price of MSME products for Sambas Songket Irmawati Weaving in accordance with accounting theory. This is because most of the MSMEs of Weaving Sambas set the selling price based on estimates or according to the usual market price and the purpose of this research is to find out the potential sustainable benefits of determining the selling price of products. This study uses a descriptive research method with a quantitative approach. This type of research was chosen because it aims to provide an overview of how the full costing method in identifying production costs, namely raw material costs, direct labor costs, variable and fixed factory overhead costs to calculate the total cost of production through calculations that have been theoretically determined. The sampling technique used in this study is non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling approach. The results of the analysis on the cost of production using the full costing method calculation resulted in diversification of product selling prices that are ideal for MSMEs. The potential sustainable benefits can be formulated in increasing sales turnover, preserving Sambas Malay culture, and developing MSMEs in Sambas district.

Equivalent Cost Minimization Strategy for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Bus with Consideration of an Inhomogeneous Energy Price and Battery Lifespan

The development of energy-saving vehicles is an important measure to deal with environmental pollution and the energy crisis. On this basis, more accurate and efficient energy management strategies can further tap into the energy-saving potential and energy sustainability of vehicles. The equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) has shown the ability to provide a real-time sub-optimal fuel efficiency performance. However, when taking the different market prices of fuel and electricity cost as well as battery longevity cost into account, this method is not very accurate for total operational economic evaluation. So, as an improved scheme, the instantaneous cost minimization strategy is proposed, where a comprehensive cost function, including the market price of the electricity and fuel as well as the cost of battery aging, is applied as the optimization objective. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy for series-parallel hybrid electric buses can reduce costs by 41.25% when compared with the conventional engine-driven bus. The approach also impressively improves cost performance over the rule-based strategy and the ECMS. As such, the proposed instantaneous cost minimization strategy is a better choice for hybrid electric vehicle economic evaluation than the other main sub-optimal strategies.

Agri-Tech startups transforming vegetable supply chains in Coimbatore

This research investigates the transformative role of digital agri-tech startups in optimizing vegetable supply chains in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India, with an emphasis on improving agricultural productivity and farmer welfare. Despite a marked 45% decline in agri-tech sector investments between the financial years 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, attributed to global interest rate hikes and economic uncertainties, startups such as WayCool, Farmers Fresh Zone and Farm again have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing supply chain efficiency and supporting farmer livelihoods through technological innovations. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study integrates both qualitative and quantitative data derived from surveys, field visits, and interviews. Key performance indicators analyzed include Price Spread, Marketing Efficiency, Cost-Benefit Ratio and Productivity. Advanced econometric tools, including logistic regression and propensity score matching, were used to assess the impact of technology adoption on farmers’ outcomes. The results reveal that farmers utilizing digital platforms for crops such as onion and tomato achieved higher market prices, improved marketing efficiency and superior financial performance compared to those employing the conventional methods. Despite persisting challenges like resistance to technology adoption and inadequate internet connectivity, the findings emphasize the potential for substantial growth in the sector, driven by technological innovations. The study emphasizes the need to develop user friendly digital platforms, strengthen internet and technological infrastructure, and enhance government support through financial incentives and clear policy frameworks to encourage the broader use of agri-tech solutions. Overall, the research highlights the significant potential of digital agricultural technologies to improve farming practices, increase farmer earnings, and serve as a model that can be adapted to similar agricultural regions.

Effect of technological interventions on yield gap analysis and profitability of winter onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties

The present study was conducted in growing onion through front line demonstrations (FLDs) by Spices Research Sub-Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Faridpur, Bangladesh during winter season of 2023-2024. The experiment was set up at five farmers’ fields under five villages such as Ramchandrapur, Bajarkandi, Bisnudia, Chilarkandi and Narasinghdia of Faridpur district. Under the present investigation, two high yielding recent varieties (BARI Piaz-4 and BARI Piaz-6) with improved management practices was intervened to exhibit its performance, to find out yield gaps and to assess profitability of onion. A local variety with farmers’ traditional practices was grown (as check) adjacent to the demonstration plot. The study revealed a large average yield gap (5.33 t/ha). The demonstration variety produced higher average yield (20.01 t/ha) as compared to the local variety (16.67 t/ha). The average demonstration yield was 19.97% higher than that of local variety. The technology gap and extension gap had higher in BARI Piaz-4 (2.22 & 3.66 t/ha) as compared to those of BARI Piaz-6 (1.76 & 3.01 t/ha), respectively. The technology index of BARI Piaz-4 and BARI Piaz-6 were 9.65 and 8.38%, respectively. Lower technology index proves the strength of new technology with recommended package of practices. Adoption index value of BARI Piaz-6 was higher (77.78%) than that of BARI Piaz-4 (66.66%). The demonstration varieties performed also better over control based on the quality parameters. Demonstration variety gave higher average gross return (Tk. 927770 ≅ $7731), net return (Tk. 690110 ≅ $5751) and benefit-cost ratio (3.90) over local variety (Tk. 707000 ≅ $5892, Tk. 463450 ≅ $3862 & 2.90), respectively. Considering yield, quality and profitability; farmers expressed their satisfaction to the performance of BARI Piaz-4 and BARI Piaz-6 with improved management practices. But farmers preferred BARI Piaz-6 over BARI Piaz-4 based on quality and market price of onions.