Prices Research Articles

Inflation in the United States: Will it Come Back?

This article covers the major trends and changes in consumer price development in the US economy during 2022-2023. The major incentive for American inflation is a great increase in the budget deficit and public debt. The author considers that further growth of federal debt will become an obstacle to the problem of inflation targeting. Presently Federal Reserve System is financing government debt by purchasing Treasure notes. To provide these activities FRS has to increase money volume in circulation. In fact this monetary policy has significant negative effects on US inflation. Traditional corporations have also some possibilities to increase their sale prices and to accelerate inflation. Oil prices, which have tendency to grow, are considered to add some value to current inflation. In the Section 2 the major points of Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) are being analyzed. IRA is considered to be a remarkable law which aims to curb inflation by reducing budget deficit and investing into domestic energy production. According to the Budget Office, this Act will raise 738 billion dollars and authorize 391 billion dollars on energy change and 238 billion dollars in deficit reduction and tax reform. The law includes a large expansion and modernization efforts for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). In the Section 3 the problem of imported inflation is being analyzed. The estimates prove that in 2015-2022 U.S. export pr ices grew much faster than import prices. In the result US terms of trade improved and in fact United States exported inflation trends to other countries. Expensive dollar accelerated this process.

Oil price pass-through into consumer prices: Evidence from U.S. weekly data

Using U.S. data from Monday of each week, this paper estimates oil price pass-through into consumer prices (PC) and oil price pass-through into gasoline retail prices (PG) in a continuous way. The results show that PC (PG) is about 0.5% (13%) after a week, 1.5% (37%) after three months, and 4.2% (50%) in the long run. The estimated PC is further decomposed into direct PC (representing oil price effects on consumer prices through gasoline retail prices) versus indirect PC (representing oil price effects on consumer prices through ex-gasoline prices), suggesting that long-run oil price effects on consumer prices are mostly through ex-gasoline consumer prices. Despite having distinct pass-through estimates, about three-fourths of weekly volatility in both gasoline retail and consumer prices are explained by oil price shocks in the long run.

Gärrestaufbereitung als Beitrag zur Nährstoffentfrachtung von Überschussregionen – Kosten und Treibhausgasemissionen

The processing of slurry and biogas digestate reduces their volume and separates nutrient flows, especially in regions with nutrient surpluses. This makes it possible to cut transport costs for supra-regional utilisation and to configure tailor-made products for different customers. However, the additional capital and equipment costs can usually only be compensated by revenue from the CHP bonus for the use of excess heat from combined heat and power systems in biogas plants, unless high prices can be achieved for the products outside agriculture. The use of heat also has a considerable impact on the greenhouse gas emissions associated with processing. If reference emissions are charged because the heat is no longer available to replace fossil resources, this far outweighs savings from transport. However, it is not possible to draw general conclusions due to the diverse plant-specific conditions (amount and type of nutrient surplus, transport distance, heat availability, size of the plant, etc.). In individual cases, the processing of biogas digestate may well be economically viable, especially in the case of long transport distances.

Türkiye Şeftali Piyasasının Ekonomik Analizi ve Pazarlama Marjları

Çalışmada gıda sanayisine ham madde oluşturması, insan sağlığına sunduğu katkılar, enerji kaynağı ve gübre olarak kullanılabilmesi gibi özellikleriyle her geçen gün önemi artan şeftali piyasasının analizi amaçlanmıştır. Veri seti; TÜİK ve TOB istatistiklerinden temin edilen 2003-2017 yıllarına ait; üretici fiyatı, tüketici fiyatı, üretim, tüketim, ihracat, ithalat ve girdi fiyatlarına ilişkin verilerden oluşturulmuştur. Türkiye şeftali piyasasını analiz etmek amacıyla; arz ve talep fonksiyonları ile ilgili modeller tahmin edilmiş, pazarlama marjı ve zincirleme indeks hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Regresyon tahmin sonuçları, üretim üzerinde; gübre fiyatlarının negatif yönlü, tarımsal işgücü ücretlerinin ise pozitif yönlü bir ilişki içerisinde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Talep üzerinde pozitif yönlü etkiye sahip faktörün nüfus olduğu belirlenmiştir. Reel fiyatlara göre; ortalama pazarlama marjı 0.60 TL kg-1, üreticinin eline geçen değer %53.92 olarak hesaplanmıştır. 2008-2011 yılları arasında ortalama %60.92 olan reel üreticinin eline geçen değerin 2017 yılına gelindiğinde %48.28 oranına gerilemesi; piyasada her geçen yıl elde edilen kazançtan üreticiye daha az pay düştüğünün göstergesidir. Üreticinin eline geçen değer artarken pazarlama marjının azalması hem üretici hemde tüketicinin lehine olacağı için, üreticilerin kooperatifler gibi pazarlama marjını azaltabilecek oluşumlara teşvik edilmesi önem taşımaktadır.

Why rhodium prices have zoomed over 70% since 1 Jan 2021

Why rhodium prices have zoomed over 70% since 1 Jan 2021

Estimativa quantificada dos subprodutos do castanheiro e algumas utilizações potenciais

The sector of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) experiences a highly ambiguous situation. If, on the one hand, producers have feel a strong incentive to invest in the crop, due to the favourable prices that the nut has been maintaining, on the other hand some discouragement tends to arise, due to the diseases and pests that devastate the species. In any case, the chestnut remains the main source of income for farmers in several parishes and municipalities in the North and Centre of the country. Nowadays, the chestnut is valued above all for the edible part of the fruit. However, with a view to improve the profitability of producers and other agents in the sector and to increase the sustainability of the production systems, it would be important to find new uses for the by-products associated with the harvest and the industrial transformation. Barks, hedgehogs, flowers, leaves and pruning wood can be important raw materials for different business areas, especially as they contain a high number of chemical compounds with potential application in the food and/or pharmaceutical industry. In this work some statistical data of the species and an estimate of the by-products are presented, as well as some of their potential uses.

Экономическая доступность продовольствия: региональные и социальные различия

<span>В статье обсуждаются проблемы, связанные с экономической доступностью продовольствия, которая понимается как возможность приобретения продуктов питания по сложившимся ценам, обеспеченная соответствующим уровнем доходов населения. Выявляются региональные и социальные различия этого показателя. Чрезвычайно важным фактором обеспечения экономической доступности продовольствия является наращивание отечественного производства, в части которого выявлена положительная динамика. Установлено, что по основным группам продуктов питания страна достигла продовольственной безопасности. Показано, что первоочередной задачей на пути повышения экономической доступности пищевых продуктов для всех групп населения является борьба с бедностью. Однако предпринимаемые в этом направлении меры, судя по статистическим данным, не приносят ощутимых результатов.</span>

Price, Location, and Physical Evidence Against Decision of Budget Traveler Stay at Oyo Rajawali Homestay Palembang

Tourism is closely related to the service and hospitality business. The hospitality business began to shift towards technology in 2015. This led to the emergence of various Virtual Hotel Operators, such as OYO. One of OYO's budget hotels in Palembang which is famous for its strategic location, affordable prices, and adequate physical evidence is Rajawali Homestay. This study aims to determine whether the price, location, and physical evidence affect the budget traveler's decision to stay at the hotel. The data used in this study are primary data by distributing questionnaires to all budget travelers who stay at OYO Rajawali Homestay. The number of samples used was 100 respondents. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis that was previously tested for validity and reliability. The results obtained are the price, location and physical evidence have a positive and significant impact on budget traveler's decision to stay at OYO Rajawali Homestay. The percentage of influence between the three variables on purchasing decisions is 77% of which 33% is influenced by other variables not examined. This research is expected to be a reference to optimize the variables that influence budget travelers' decisions in choosing hotels.

Эффективный инструментарий управления в социальных сферах: методы и модели расчета цен и тарифов

Цель: статья посвящена вопросам разработки инструментария управления цено- и тарифообразованием в социальных сферах, учитывающего их направленность и необходимость применения нетрадиционных подходов при определении максимально эффективной траектории их развития. Обсуждение: особенности функционирования социальных отраслей не позволяют эффективно использовать для расчета цен и тарифов в них стандартные методы и модели. В связи с этим возникает необходимость разработки инструментария, использование которого на практике позволит производить расчет оптимальных цен и тарифов, в том числе с учетом социального спроса. Результаты: авторами предложен подход к расчету компромиссных цен и тарифов на услуги жилищно-коммунальной отрасли, медицины и сферы пассажирских перевозок, имеющих ярко выраженный социальный характер. Уточнено понятие социального спроса и возможность его учета при расчете цен и тарифов; рассмотрены сценарии его удовлетворения. Предложен подход к подбору оптимального поставщика услуг, базирующийся на методе многокритериального анализа альтернатив TOPSIS.

The Effect of Regional Financial Performance on Economic Growth Provinces in Indonesia 2016-2018 Period

The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the ratio of independence to affect the economic growth of provinces in Indonesia, (2) to determine the ratio of effectiveness affects the economic growth of provinces in Indonesia, and (3) to determine the efficiency ratio affects the economic growth of provinces in Indonesia. This study used a sample of 33 provinces in Indonesia. The sampling technique used cluster samples. The data used are secondary data. The data collection technique uses documentation in the form of reports on the realization of regional income and expenditure budgets and reports on economic growth at constant prices based on the field of business from 2016-2018. The data analysis technique used to answer the hypothesis is multiple linear regression. The results of research that have been conducted state that: (1) the ratio of independence affects the economic growth of provinces in Indonesia, (2) the effectiveness ratio affects the economic growth of the provinces in Indonesia, and (3) the efficiency ratio affects the economic growth of the provinces in Indonesia.

Determinant of Housing Price in Lagos Residential Market: Role of Intermediaries

There is price discrepancy in similar housing goods in different parts of Lagos. Even in the same vicinity, similar housing goods still have different prices. This study investigates the discrepancy by looking at the role the intermediaries play in fixing housing price in Lagos residential market. A survey was carried out in Lagos metropolitan city with 751 respondents (41 producers, 33 intermediary and 677 consumers). The sample was selected through a multistage sampling technique and the data analyzed with descriptive statistic. The study found that there is a game played by the intermediaries in fixing prices. The intermediaries often give incomplete information to the house consumers thereby, making the consumers pay more than their expectations. The study concluded that in Lagos residential market, price is influenced by the intermediary as a result of asymmetry information which makes the consumer pay more.

Low Quality Distance Education in Korean Elementary Schools and the Teachers’ Efforts: A Grounded Theory

Low Quality Distance Education in Korean Elementary Schools and the Teachers’ Efforts: A Grounded Theory

Evolução e perspectivas do setor eólico no Brasil: análise dos principais estados produtores

Este artigo propõe analisar a evolução do setor eólico no Brasil, resgatando as políticas públicas de incentivo ao setor, e apresentar tendências para o futuro, destacando a participação dos Estados brasileiros na produção e comercialização da energia eólica. Foi proposto um campo empírico de análise com base em investigação das regiões de maior expressividade produtiva, com uma abordagem qualitativa aos moldes descritivos, perfazendo o campo de uma predição de tendência para o setor. Dados os destaques aos programas governamentais que incentivaram o avanço da energia eólica e aos mecanismos de compra de energia por meio de leilões, observou-se que a região Nordeste, especificamente os Estados do Rio Grande do Norte e a Bahia, concentra a maior parte dos parques eólicos e capacidade instalada. Isso se deve aos incentivos públicos dotados no setor, associados às condições climáticas das regiões e às correntes de ventos. A tendência observada pode ser atribuída de diversas possibilidades, que se somada tanto a fatores endógenos quanto exógenos, ou seja, estímulos estrangeiros em ampliação do uso pela energia limpa com fatores climáticos e econômicos internos no país, este último amparado por apoios governamentais, tornará a fonte predominante no fornecimento de energia elétrica por fontes limpas e renováveis, capaz de reestruturar no longo prazo a cadeia consumidora pela sua amplitude comercial a preços acessíveis e tecnologias de produção e distribuição a um curso disruptivo.

Processo de melhoria contínua: estudo de caso aplicado em uma empresa gráfica

O mercado ao longo do tempo tem se mostrado cada vez mais polarizado, por conta disso para as empresas conquistarem e assegurarem sua fatia de mercado em meio a tantas outras organizações do mesmo seguimento, concorrência direta e concorrência indireta, ou até de nichos parecidos, as empresas devem se manter sempre atualizadas e competitivas, seja através da qualidade acima da média, preços mais atraente, responsabilidade socioambiental, ou até mesmo no atendimento diferenciado ao consumidor. No entanto, para que a produtividade seja alcançada, é necessário que haja um estudo minucioso, utilizar de métodos eficientes e contínuos, portanto, é a melhor opção, para que os dados obtidos sejam capazes de apresentar um mapeamento dos processos, identificar os desperdícios e movimentações que não têm valor agregado ao cliente, para que melhorias sejam frequentemente apresentadas. Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar e descrever o processo de encadernamento que de forma imprecisa, ocasiona seus desperdícios de insumos, de forma que agride o meio ambiente e desacelera a produtividade da empresa pesquisada. Ao longo deste artigo será descrito o processo de implantação do sistema de melhoria contínua na empresa pesquisada conhecido como Kaizen e apresentado os impactos gerados, como diminuição de custos, de mão-de-obra e tempo de produção. Foi discorrido o antes e após à implementação do Kaizen, fundamentado não somente nos dados e relatórios operacionais de informações da empresa EJL, mas também em pesquisas bibliográficas em livros, artigos e sites referentes ao tema.

Relevancia valorativa de los intangibles: Análisis pre-NIIF y NIIF en el mercado de capitales argentino

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto de la adopción de las NIIF en la relevancia que el mercado de capitales argentino asigna a la información financiera sobre activos intangibles y a la información no financiera referida al capital intelectual de las empresas que cotizan en el mismo.
 El análisis se realiza aplicando modelos de precios basados en Ohlson (1995), con datos recolectados directamente de fuentes originales y correspondientes al período 2009-2015.
 Los resultados revelan que la adopción de las NIIF produjo cambios en la relevancia valorativa de los activos intangibles, pero no ha impactado en la relevancia valorativa del capital intelectual. Además, muestran que las dimensiones humana y estructural no son consideradas por los inversores, en ninguna de las dos etapas (NIIF y pre-NIIF), mientras que el capital estructural tiene un impacto negativo en los precios en ambos períodos.
 Estos hallazgos son acordes a los aportados por los estudios previos y, en particular, los referidos al capital intelectual, son similares a los obtenidos para países de bajo desarrollo, donde no se han logrado evidencias que apoyen su relevancia valorativa. Contribuyen, de este modo, a acrecentar la evidencia existente en torno al papel de los intangibles en la valoración externa de las empresas y a las implicaciones que en ello ha tenido la aplicación del marco normativo del IASB, la cual es particularmente limitada para mercados poco desarrollados.

PENGARUH ROE DAN EPS TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN PEMBANGUNAN TAHUN 2012-2017 YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI


 
 
 Return on Equity (ROE) adalah dengan membandingkan laba bersih setelah pajak dengan total ekuitas Rasio Earning Per Share (EPS) merupakan rasio yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan jumlah uang yang dihasilkan dari setiap lembar saham biasa.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui earning per share dan return on equity pada perusahaan pembangunan tahun 2012-2017 yang terdaftar di bei.populasi seluruh perusahaan pembangunan yang terdaftar di bei tahun 2012-2017 yaitu 16 perusahaan ,dari populasi tersebut di peroleh sampel data sebanyak 11 perusahaan yang sesuai kriteria sampling .dalam penelitian ini mengunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda.hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ROE tidak bepengaruh terhadap harga saham dan EPS berpengaruh terhadap harga saham.
 
 

La corrupción de los funcionarios públicos en tiempos del coronavirus

The coronavirus pandemic that is currently scourging humanity has managed to take our capacity for surprise to unsuspected limits: on the one hand, we observe through the mass media high- ranking officers of the Peruvian National Police buying products at exorbitant prices that they do not meet quality standards (masks, gloves, etc.) to hand over to their colleagues who valiantly risk their life to take care for ours; to provincial and district mayors making their own stock of basic necessities, and also magistrates who in virtual hearings continue to know processes derived from acts of corruption committed by magistrates who, disregarding Elementary concepts of ethics, took advantage of their position to make a clean sweep of the law and justice. It is worth nothing that the responsibility of these bad servers is aggravated in a superlative way by the disease that has plagued us.

Monetary Policy Responses to Exogenous Perturbations: The Case of a Small Open Economy (2007-2018)

While autonomous central banks in large open economies are usually predisposed to use monetary rules to target inflation, output, and long-term interest rates, central banks in small open economies face peculiar challenges in their attempts to attain and maintain liquidity, stable prices and full employment. This paper investigates the effects of monetary policy in the case of Sierra Leone, assuming that information for rule-based monetary policy is insufficient and imprecise. We use the Bayesian model to evaluate primitive (priors), posterior enhancements and responses of key variables to exogenous perturbations based on information from 2007 to 2018. We find that the effects of disturbances that are associated with crude oil prices have a more persistent effect on national output than the dominant monetary instrument (T-Bills). The response of monetary policy to exogenous perturbations is generally weak and less persistent. Granger-causality tests reveal that internal conditions make it less likely for the central bank to robustly react to external shocks. JEL codes : E42, E 47, E50, E52

Stock market volatility, speculation and unemployment: A Granger-causality analysis

This study investigates the possible Granger-causal relations between stock price volatility and dividend dynamics on the one hand, and speculation and unemployment on the other. The analysis is carried out for the US over the period 1982-2018. Stock price volatility is calculated in terms of “conditional” volatility and in terms of the so-called “Shiller ratio”, while speculative trading is expressed as “scalping” activities. We find that there is a causal positive relation from speculation to stock price volatility. Furthermore, we show that there is an inverse causal relationship ranging from stock prices to unemployment, while there is no causal relationship between dividends and unemployment. These results corroborate the empirical analyses by Shiller and other authors which deny the traditional Present Value Model (PVM), provide new elements on the possible determinants of stock price volatility, and offer new interpretations of the potential links between the stock market and macroeconomic dynamics . JEL codes : C10; E39; G15

Свести концы с концами

Свести концы с концами