Factor Prices Research Articles

Factors Influencing the Use of Property Titles as Security for Lending in Rural Kenya: A Case Study of Kivani Location, Machakos County

The development of the world's economies, especially in emerging countries, depends significantly on land. Despite being a crucial tool for obtaining loans, the use of land as collateral is relatively low in rural Kenya. This has largely been attributed to lack of formal ownership documents attributable to poor titling, which has subsequently hindered investments and development in these areas. The research gap, therefore, lies in the need to understand and address the reasons behind the low uptake of land as collateral in rural Kenya, despite its potential as a valuable asset and its significant role in rural livelihoods and development. This study set out to establish factors influencing the use of property titles as loan security in a rural setting using Machakos County as a case study. Employing a descriptive research design, the study targeted 724 households in Kivani and 30 financial institution officers. Data was collected using questionnaires and topical discussions, achieving response rates of 96% and 100%, respectively. Findings reveal that 67 percent of respondents have never used land titles as collateral. Several factors were identified: social relations, lending conditions, and loan pricing. Social relations factors included communal land ownership, land succession problems, cultural norms, and sentimental attachment to land. Lending conditions encompassed land valuation processes, borrower creditworthiness requirements, collateral quality, and the need for family consent. Loan pricing factors involve the costs and fees associated with credit financing. The study recommends increasing awareness of individual land ownership, exploring alternative collateral options, establishing insurance markets for collateral assets, and improving loan evaluation processes to better support rural residents. These measures aim to enhance access to financing, thereby promoting rural development

The Impact of Factor Price Change on China’s Cotton Production Pattern Evolution: Mediation and Spillover Effects

Cotton is an important agricultural crop and strategic resource. China is currently the country with the largest global cotton production and consumption, but few studies have systematically analyzed the dynamic relationship between factor price change (FPC) and cotton production pattern evolution (CPPE). Based on provincial panel data from the main cotton planting areas from 1985 to 2021, this paper used spatial econometric models to empirically analyze the impact of FPC including labor price, production material cost, and mechanical cost on CPPE from the perspective of mechanical substitution difficulty. The findings are that (1) FPC significantly affected CPPE, specifically the rise of labor price induced the demand for mechanical substitution, resulting in a significant cotton agglomeration effect; (2) spatial econometric analysis found that FPC had a significant spatial spillover effect on CPPE in adjacent regions; and (3) the transfer analysis found that higher mechanical substitution difficulty exerted an inhibitory effect on cotton planting, leading to a gradual shift of the main cotton planting areas from the Yangtze River Basin and Yellow River Basin with high labor prices to the Northwest Inland region with lower labor prices. Updating the production technology and improving the efficiency of cotton specialization are effective strategies. The results are valuable for policy making related to the development of China’s cotton industry.

Upaya Dalam Mempertahankan Kinerja yang Produktif Pada UMKM Goks, Padang

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are business activities that are able to expand employment opportunities, provide broad economic services to the community, play a role in the process of equalizing and increasing community income, encourage economic growth, and play a role in realizing national stability. MSMEs are very important in implementing and maintaining productive and healthy performance. One of those who need an adaptation plan is MSME Goks which is located on Jl. Aru No. 13, Lubuk Begalung Nan XX, Padang City, West Sumatra, 25221. Goks is an ice cream business that offers attractive promotions and has a very affordable price factor. This community service activity begins with surveys and interviews, mapping and identifying problems, formulating solutions, and implementing mentoring activities. The impact of this activity is the expansion of product marketing and business development of Goks Padang MSME actors.

Strategi Pengembangan Pemasaran dalam Menarik Minat Konsumen Pengguna Jasa di Kinipagi Wedding Planner Cirebon

The development of an increasingly advanced era has a great influence on the creative mindset of the Indonesian people and the world in all respects. The event organizer or Event Organizer (EO) service business has prospects or developments that are increasingly needed by the community, not only needed in urban areas but also in rural areas. Kinipagi Wedding Planner is one of the Wedding Organizer businesses in Cirebon which was established in 2019, precisely before the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. The data collection technique in this study uses Nonprobability Sampling technique which in this study does not provide equal opportunities or opportunities for each element of population members to be selected as sample members. The sampling technique in this study uses Purposive Sampling, which is a sampling technique with certain considerations. The research design used in this research is descriptive qualitative research design because researchers want to know how marketing development strategies and how to maintain existence to attract consumer interest in Kinipagi Wedding Planner service users. The data collection methods used in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation. results that Kinipag Wedding planner has already implemented marketing mix and has also performed SWOT analysis. The application of SWOT analytics and marketing mix on Kinipagi Wedding Planer helped have gone well especially the price factor offered is relatively cheaper compared to other wedding organizers in Cirebon. However, there were some shortcomings such as hard-to-reach locations, human resources that need to be improved, and promotional media that still have to be broadcast.

Examining the factors of fertilizer pricing

AbstractA strong surge in fertilizer prices in 2021 led farmers and policymakers to question the factors that drive fertilizer pricing. This study examines the relationship among natural gas, corn, and fertilizer prices, finding five structural breaks from 1997 to 2022. The pass‐through rates of natural gas and corn price changes to fertilizer prices show significant shifts after the passage of the biofuel mandate, with those changes fading as the market matured. Meanwhile, natural gas price changes are the main contributing factor in the latest period. However, the linkage among these prices continues to evolve and is likely to diminish over time.

Pengaruh Harga Produk, Customer Review Dan Preferensi Pengalaman Pembelian Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Mahasiswa Manajemen Upgris Pada Shopee Dan TikTok Shop

This research aims to analyze the influence of product prices and customer reviews on purchasing decisions of Management students at PGRI University Semarang (Upgris) on the e-commerce platforms Shopee and TikTok Shop. In the current digital era, e-commerce has become one of the main channels for consumers to make purchases. Two important factors that consumers often consider before making a purchase are product price and customer reviews. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 36 Upgris Management students who actively use Shopee and TikTok Shop.The research results show that both product price and customer reviews have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. Specifically, product price has a greater influence than customer reviews in determining purchasing decisions on both platforms. Apart from that, there is a difference in the level of trust in customer reviews on Shopee and TikTok Shop, where students tend to trust reviews on Shopee more. It is hoped that these findings will provide insight for e-commerce businesses in designing effective marketing strategies by considering price factors and customer reviews.

Research on dynamic game operation behavior of multi‐oligopoly car‐sharing operators considering off‐peak pricing factors

AbstractIn the practical evolution of shared vehicle systems, numerous societal factors come into play, such as inadequate parking infrastructure, battery capacity, and the budget for technological improvement. This study integrates the operational realities of shared vehicle systems with governmental carbon emission reduction policies and “double control” initiatives. Considering various perturbations, the paper constructs a Stackelberg short‐term model among diverse oligopolistic shared vehicle operators with technique sharing. It also develops a long‐term repeated game framework to scrutinize the impact of pertinent parameters on operators' decision variables and profits, along with system stability and complexity. The findings, elucidated through numerical analyses, reveal that the burgeoning sensitivity of users to energy conservation augments the overall shared vehicle market. The technique sharing mechanism boosts the benefit of the whole group of shared vehicle operators while diminishing the start‐up operators' revenue. In the long term, however, excessive price adjustments by SEV operators may lead to market chaos and profit erosion. Conversely, enhancing the adjustment coefficient of technological level levels by start‐up SEV2 operators may result solely in their own decision‐making becoming unmanageable. Finally, we found that both the methods of external force feedback control and parameter control are effective in restoring the chaotic market to stability.

Analysis and Prediction of Influencing Factors of American Real Estate Price Based on Machine Learning

The American real estate market has always been a subject of widespread interest, with its price fluctuations impacting not only the lives of millions of American households but also exerting profound effects on the nation's overall economic health. This paper focuses on analyzing which factors are more significant in influencing the American real estate market in order to gain a better understanding of the factors influencing this market and to offer insightful information for stakeholders, policymakers, and investors navigating this dynamic market. We apply linear regression model, lasso regression model and random forest regression model to United States real estate data to explore variables that influence the U.S. housing price and find that PPI, M3, and population are the critical variables impacting the housing price most. By comparing the performance of three regression models, we identify the random forest regression model as the optimal model for predicting real estate prices.

Identification of determining factors in formation of açaí berry price from the perspective of its entrepreneurs

Purpose: This research aims to identify the determinants factors for açai berry price liter in Belem Metropolitan Region (RMB) at Para state, Brazil, according to the perception of its entrepreneurs. Methodology: An exploratory with a qualitative approach research, conducted through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with açaí entrepreneurs, in the RMB. The collected information was treated with content analysis, using ATLAS.Ti 8 software, in three categories of analysis: determining factors for pricing based on costs; determining factors for market-based pricing; determining factors for pricing based on costs and market. From these three categories, the description of the factors and variables took place. Results: It was concluded that açaí entrepreneurs predominantly adopt strategies for price formation based on costs, as opposed to determinants based on market factors, using inadequate information and methods of price formation, based only on personal experience and perceived need, lacking training and formal education, under the study field, drawing attention support from agencies that promote entrepreneurship, and definition of public policies for development and improvement of activity of producing açaí pulp in Belem and region. Contributions of the Study: From a theoretical perspective, this research contributes to study and discussion of sales price formation approaches. As a practical contribution, this research emphasizes the açaí fruit in establishments belonging to Para metropolis, favoring the development and improvement of local enterprises. Finally, given that açaí is a food product of cultural and economic significance for the RMB, this research contributes socially by portraying and bringing to discussion the reality of these businesses management.

Challenging factors across industry players in implementing the green building concept in Malaysia

Abstract This study examines the obstacles to implementing the green building concept in Greater Kuala Lumpur, a relatively novel concept in Malaysia. The country currently lacks awareness regarding existing green building technologies. In 2007, a Zero Energy Building in Kuala Lumpur, constructed based on the Green Building Concept, faced challenges, ultimately unable to effectively reduce energy consumption after three years of efforts. The research focuses on evaluating internal factors and external factors that pose challenges to the Green Building Concept among industry players in Greater Kuala Lumpur. The study involved 100 respondents in the property and construction field, utilizing a cluster sampling technique. Survey results revealed that both external and internal factors act as barriers to the implementation of the green building industry in Malaysia. The Relative Important Index identified high cost and pricing factors as significant external challenges, with relative importance indices of 0.946 and 0.936, respectively. Internally, the lack of consumer demand emerged as the most formidable obstacle, boasting a high relative importance index of 0.936. Additionally, the study highlighted the lack of incentive support as a notable internal factor, with a relative importance index of 0.934. To address these challenges, the study recommends collective responsibility among all stakeholders in the property and construction industry, including architects, property agents, the government, universities, and clients. Establishing a collaborative ecosystem can foster the growth of the green building industry in Malaysia, promoting sustainability and contributing to economic development.

A Comparative Analysis of Pricing Approaches in the Cruise Industry in Response to Dynamic Pricing Factors

This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various pricing strategies used in the cruise industry, emphasizing dynamic pricing. It examines the strengths and considerations of five key pricing strategies and their responsiveness to real - time market changes. The paper highlights the importance of aligning pricing strategies with business goals and market conditions, specifically focusing on the cruise industry’s unique challenges and opportunities. This article is significant as it provides a detailed comparison of various pricing strategies in the cruise industry, offering insights into how dynamic market factors influence pricing decisions. Such analysis is crucial for businesses seeking competitive advantages in this industry.

THE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON TOURISM IN THAILAND

Air pollution not only affects people's health but also tourism especially in Thailand because it is the most important industry in Thailand. Therefore, this research aims to examine the effects of air pollution on the number of tourists using particulate matter (PM10) data as the proxy for air pollution and the number of tourists staying at accommodation establishments in the province as the agent of the number of tourists (Tourist). Furthermore, the effect of the price of tourism factor represented by the consumer price index (CPI); and the weather factor with indicators such as rainfall (RAIN) and highest temperature (TMAX), on the number of tourists were also considered. The research data were panel form, and the cross-section data were collected from seven significant tourist provinces representing each region with the time series during March 2018 to December 2021. These data were tested for cross-section dependence and the panel unit root test. After that, the long- and short-term relationships were detected by using the panel autoregressive distribution lag (Panel ARDL) model with the pool mean group (PMG). The findings revealed that the increase of PM10, CPI, TMAX and RAIN reduced the number of tourists.

Evaluasi Kualitas Produk, Harga, dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ulang

This research aims to find out how much influence the factors of product quality, price and service quality have on consumer repurchase decisions at Bakinco Resto Payakumbuh. The research method uses causative descriptive analysis. The sampling technique used Nonprobability Sampling with a sample size of 100 people by distributing questionnaires. The technique used to analyze this data by the t-test, F test, determination test and path analysis using SPSS version 22. The research results were concluded simultaneously through the F test that product quality, price and service quality have a positive and significant effect on consumer repurchase decisions. In other words, Bakinco Resto Payakumbuh consumer satisfaction is influenced by product quality, price and service quality. The results of the path analysis show that the exogenous variables product quality (X1), price (X2) and service quality (X3) have a significant effect with a sig level < 0.05 on repurchase decisions at Bakinco restaurants. Researchers suggest that product quality and price variables need to be considered because by maintaining the quality and price of food products in accordance with consumer desires, consumers can make repeat purchases at Bakinco restaurants. Furthermore, the service quality variable needs to be improved further by increasing service speed, facilitating communication with customers and personalizing service so as to create strong engagement between restaurants and consumers. Keywords: Product Quality, Price, Service Quality, Consumer Repurchase Decisions

The research on factors influencing housing prices-take Beijing as an example

Housing price is not only related to the economic situation of individuals and families, but also has a profound impact on the whole social economy. For many families, their home is their biggest asset. A rise in house prices can increase household net assets. A fall in house prices could lead to a decline in assets. This paper aims to study the influencing factors of housing prices. The data in this paper take Beijing from May to July 2014 as an example. First of all, the article mentions some papers about housing prices, then the author uses scatter plot and linear regression to fix the model. In the results, it can be seen that sqft-living, sqft-above and view have a relatively high correlation with housing prices. Finally, the specific correlation data table is listed. The final conclusion gives the results of the research in this paper and the authors of the articles mentioned. Housing price is not only related to the economic situation of individuals and families, but also has a profound impact on the whole social economy.

KEPUTUSAN MEMBELI KONSUMEN DI WARUNG MAKAN KAKI LIMA DI SURABAYA-INDONESIA

The tight competition between food stalls scattered in the corners of the city, on the roadside in Surabaya, requires marketers to know the factors that influence someone to buy food at street food stalls. Researchers use the factors of service quality, product, and price as determining factors for someone to make a purchase at a street food stall. The population in this study were all food buyers at street food stalls. Determination of a sample of 120 people was carried out purposively with quota sampling. The research was conducted from March 2023 to April 2023. The results of the research on service quality, products, and prices affect purchasing decisions at street food stalls.

가정용 뷰티디바이스 구매 결정요인에 관한 연구

Due to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face interactions have become difficult, leading to the continuous growth of the non-face-to-face market, including the beauty device market. This study attempted to investigate the beauty device consumption market against Chinese adult women in their 20~50s.The goal is to unveil differences in purchase decision factors by consumers’ general characteristics after analyzing such factors. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against a total of 321 adult women in their 20~50s from August 19 to September 25, 2023. Excluding 21 poorly answered ones, 300 copies were used for final analysis. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis and one-way ANOVA, using SPSS 29.0, and the results found the followings: Regarding differences in at-home beauty device types, a statistically significant difference was found by age, marital status,occupation and average monthly income. In addition,three purchase decision factors were derived: ‘product’, ‘price’, ‘brand’. Furthermore,it has been found that age and income level are the general characteristics that influence price factors,education level affects the product factors.Therefore, it is suggested that manufacturers focus on price positioning and research and development of products in the development of beauty devices.

Factors Affecting Consumers in Making Decisions in Using Robinhood for Food Delivery in Bangkok

The research purpose to study factors affecting consumers in making decisions in using Robinhood for food delivery in Bangkok. By study in factor related and those factors are customer service, quick response, price and characteristics of service provider. Those factors are necessary to study for the need of consumers in making decisions in using Robinhood for food delivery regarding to the selection of service provider. The population samples were the consumer who use Robinhood for food delivery in Bangkok. The selection of sample based on a convenient sampling technique for 400 samples. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Statistic used in data analysis method were percentage, average data, standard deviation. Moreover, testing relationship between independent viable and dependent viable that have multiple independent viable were used by multiple regression technique. Research findings revealed that overall results of factors affecting consumers in making decisions in using Robinhood for food delivery in Bangkok were in high rates. The data of research results, in descending order, revealed that customer service, price, quick response and characteristics of service provider factors affecting consumers in making decisions in using Robinhood for food delivery in Bangkok. Those affected factors had statistically significant at level .05. This research findings were accepted all the research hypothesis that customer service, quick response, price and characteristics of service provider factors affecting consumers in making decisions in using Robinhood for food delivery in Bangkok.

Trends in Innovative Marketing Communication for Sustainable Environment during B.E. 2023 – 2032

This research was a mixed method research by used the Delphi Technique of Futures Research. The purposes were: To study Trends in Innovative Marketing Communication for Sustainable Environment during B.E. 2023 – 2032. The sample group used in this research is Group of marketers and marketing communicators who work within organizations, agencies and companies which have a guideline for conducting business regarding environmental conservation. Data were analysed using the median, mode, difference between the mode and median and interquartile range. The results of the study found that trends in innovative marketing communication for sustainable environment during B.E. 2023 – 2032 have been divided into 8 areas as followed. 1. Strategy: Companies will use sustainable development as a key factor in their long-term competitiveness. 2. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for the future: Companies will attend to Socially Responsible Business Practices (CSR). 3. Innovation: Companies will have a tendency to devise and develop new technological innovations. that is overall environmentally friendly. 4. Consumer area: Consumers tend to have a more conscience towards the environment. 5. Factors affect the behaviour of consumers purchasing environmentally friendly products: Marketing communication and price factors were still factors affecting the behaviour of consumers purchasing environmentally friendly products. 6. Marketing problems and obstacles: Products and packaging will be able to move towards being biodegradable and reusable with little or no damage to the environment. There was a tendency for the public and private sectors to participate in providing support in marketing and sales promotions. 7. Problems and obstacles in marketing communications: Companies have to present environmental content and information clearly to consumers. 8. The role of public and private organizations: Companies have to organize training to create environmental awareness among employees to be cultivated and dissolved behaviours for employees in both the public and private sectors.

Unlocking a greener future: The role of digital finance in enhancing green total factor energy efficiency

The development of digital finance provides new opportunities for improving energy efficiency and promoting green development. This paper calculates green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) using the super-efficiency SBM model and examines the impact of digital finance on GTFEE. Digital finance has a significant positive impact on GTFEE. Under a bank-dominated financial structure, the positive impact of digital finance on GTFEE is quite significant. In regions with intense banking competition, a large amount of green credit, and lower resource dependence, digital finance is conducive to enhancing GTFEE. Optimizing the allocation efficiency of production factors is an essential mechanism for digital finance to encourage improvements in GTFEE. Digital finance alleviates distortions in factor markets and enhances the matching of the marginal output and the price of capital, labor, and energy factors, thereby facilitating improvements in GTFEE. Further analysis indicates that digital finance has a significant, positive spatial spillover effect on GTFEE, enhancing GTFEE levels in both local and neighboring regions. This study enriches the research on the relationship between digital finance and energy efficiency and provides theoretical foundations and policy references for how digital finance can better serve the green transition of the economy.

Common and idiosyncratic conditional volatility: Theory and empirical evidence from electricity prices

. We propose and develop a robust score-driven multiplicative dynamic factor model for the conditional volatility of electricity prices. This model allows us to identify both common and idiosyncratic conditional volatility factors in the spot price of electricity across key Nord Pool European markets. Both factors are extracted using a single observation-driven filter that is simple and parsimonious. The common factor is robust by construction as it averages information over the cross-section of the high-dimensional vector of electricity price changes. The idiosyncratic factors are designed to capture the erratic shocks in prices and therefore rely on a robust updating equation which allows for outliers and fat-tailed innovations. Our model is suitable for high-dimensional applications and does not necessarily suffer from the curse of dimensionality. The parsimonious nature of the observation-driven filter leads to simple computations for the estimation of parameters and the signal extraction of factors. We derive the stochastic properties of the filter and its underlying factor model, including bounded moments, stationarity, ergodicity, and filter invertibility. We further establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator. The finite sample properties of the estimator and the filter are explored in a Monte Carlo study. Finally, we apply our model and filter to the Nord Pool spot price data and find evidence that net-import and net-export electricity markets exhibit substantially different common and idiosyncratic volatilities. In particular, we confirm that net-import markets are considerably more exposed to cross-market volatility spillovers, and we quantify the relevant degree of exposition.