Prevention Project Research Articles

The Outcome and Challenges of Application of Pressure Ulcer Prevention Project in King Fahad Hospital Jeddah – 2023

BACKGROUND: A pressure ulcer (PU), also known as bedsore, pressure injury, or decubitus ulcer, is a localized injury brought on by sustained pressure applied to the skin and underlying soft tissue over an extended length of time. This study aimed to identify the outcome and challenges of the application of pressure ulcer prevention project focus to clarify the findings of the application of the project, to highlight the challenges met by the team who apply the project, to know the prevalence state during the application period, and to identify the adherence of nurses to their role. Through Improved nursing education, improve adherence to a policy of pressure ulcer prevention, being sure all equipment is in adequate working condition, Monitoring high-risk patients.
 
 METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective hospital-based study, which monitored the pressure ulcer prevention project’s (PUPP) results from 2019 to 2021 for 3 years. Data on 21400 patients were gathered from several departments of a hospital in the west region of Saudi Arabia. The project’s main goals were the installation of a wound care team, hospital staff education, ongoing data monitoring, and follow-up visits for inpatient units.
 
 RESULTS: This current study showed that the pressure ulcer prevention project was successful showing a statistically significant reduction of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) from 1.97% in 2018 to 1.4% in 2019 to 0.53% in 2020 to 0.14% in 2021. 
 
 CONCLUSION: The research concluded the percentage of cases of pressure ulcers was successfully decreased by the PUPP. The project can be expanded and carried out in additional hospitals.

Educating adolescents about the influence of the media via the French program « Service sanitaire »

Gathered within the context of the French “Service Sanitaire des Etudiants en Santé” (SSES), the leaders of a local prevention project and the coordinators of the said device have joined forces to propose a course dedicated to media education. Sharing their target population: middle school students, the aim was to put health students in a position to disseminate prevention interventions integrating the potential influence of digital media, in the region’s middle schools. The present study proposes to evaluate the integration of this media education module into the local SSES. Using the referentialization model developed by G. Figari, we study the relevance of the plan, by combining and comparing the context of the creation of the media education module (MEM) and the strategies of integration into the SESS. The integration mechanism analyzed in the light of the effects produced allows us to address the effectiveness of the tool. Finally, the usefulness and efficiency of the implementation of the module are evaluated by relating the final product to the initial objectives. This study results in a description of the reality of the newly established local system. The cooperation between the SSES team and professionals competent in prevention and health promotion is both a source of opportunities and difficulties&#8230.

LyondellBasell is getting green bonds

LyondellBasell Industries is launching a public offering of green bonds. The principal of the bonds will be $500 million and will bear a 5.625% interest rate. The proceeds from the bonds will go toward circular economy, renewable energy, pollution prevention, and energy efficiency projects. Green bonds have become popular as a way to connect chemical companies with investors interested in backing sustainability. In March, Air Products raised more than $1.3 billion in two bond offerings that it intends to use for low-carbon ammonia and sustainable aviation fuels, and Eastman Chemical closed a $500 million green bond offering.

Sub-staff training program for community residents to provide community-based care services at day-care facilities

Objectives As the birthrate declines and the population ages, increase in the number of older adults certified as requiring long-term care and shortage of care staff are important issues to be considered. This study developed a sub-staff training program that trains community residents as sub-staff (paid auxiliary staff who possess knowledge and skills in care prevention and confidentiality) to provide care for enhancing independence of older adults with the support of staff in day-care facilities. The study also examined the program's feasibility and key factors, through the introduction of practical examples and surveys, for implementation in care prevention projects of local governments.Methods The four-month training program included lectures on care prevention and provided job training to ensure participants understood the goals and contents of the care plan and learnt to provide care services with the assistance of facility staff. The training program was conducted at 14 facilities in Tokyo and Chiba from 2015 to 2017. The evaluation focused on the completion rate, change in understanding of care prevention and confidence regarding activities at the facility and in the community, participation in community activities after program completion, the psychological impact on care service recipients, and the perception of workload reduction by the facility staff.Results A total of 96 out of 104 participants completed the training program (completion rate of 92.3%). The survey results showed that participants' confidence in activities at the facilities and understanding of care prevention increased significantly; 65.3% participated in new community activities after program completion, including activities at the facilities. The results of the survey of care service recipients showed that negative psychological effects did not increase among those who received care services from the participants compared to those who did not receive care from participants. Among the facility staff, 85.7% indicated that their workload had reduced after the community residents' participation in care services.Conclusion The training program improved participants' confidence in care-related activities and their understanding of care prevention. More than half of them engaged in new community activities afterwards. Participants' provision of care services had a less negative impact on the service recipients and led to a reduction in workload for the facility staff. These results suggest high feasibility of the training program for care prevention projects.

Designing and Evaluating Opioid Misuse Prevention Training for Rural Communities and Health Care Providers.

Through Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration funding, Michigan State University (MSU) Extension partnered with MSU's Family Medicine and Health Department of Northwest Michigan to implement trainings for community members and health care providers to increase awareness and improve prevention efforts addressing opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural areas. We formed the Michigan Substance Use Prevention, Education and Recovery (MiSUPER) project to design and evaluate opioid misuse prevention trainings. A socio-ecological prevention model was an underlying conceptual framework for this project and drove strategies used in trainings, products created, and measurement. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of one-time online educational training events for rural community members and health care providers on community OUD issues, treatment options, and supports for those in recovery. Between 2020 and 2022, rural participants completed pre- and posttraining, and 30-day follow-up evaluation surveys. We report the demographic characteristics of community (n = 451) and provider (n = 59) participants, self-reported knowledge gained, and overall perceptions of the trainings. Findings show community members' knowledge increased from pre- to posttraining (p < .001) and was maintained at 3 months, while providers' knowledge was unchanged over time. Posttraining, community participants felt more comfortable speaking about addiction with family and friends (p < .001), and providers had better knowledge of local resources for patients who could not afford opioid misuse treatments (p < .05). All participants reported gaining knowledge of community resources for opioid misuse prevention, treatment, and recovery (p < .01). Opioid misuse prevention trainings may be most effective when adapted to leverage local resources.

Multi-Cause Calibration of Verbal Autopsy-Based Cause-Specific Mortality Estimates of Children and Neonates in Mozambique.

The Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action platform is collecting verbal autopsy (VA) records from a nationally representative sample in Mozambique. These records are used to estimate the national and subnational cause-specific mortality fractions (CSMFs) for children (1-59 months) and neonates (1-28 days). Cross-tabulation of VA-based cause-of-death (COD) determination against that from the minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention project revealed important misclassification errors for all the VA algorithms, which if not accounted for will lead to bias in the estimates of CSMF from VA. A recently proposed Bayesian VA-calibration method is used that accounts for this misclassification bias and produces calibrated estimates of CSMF. Both the VA-COD and the MITS-COD can be multi-cause (i.e., suggest more than one probable COD for some of the records). To fully use this probabilistic COD data, we use the multi-cause VA calibration. Two different computer-coded VA algorithms are considered-InSilicoVA and EAVA-and the final CSMF estimates are obtained using an ensemble calibration that uses data from both the algorithms. The calibrated estimates consistently offer a better fit to the data and reveal important changes in the CSMF for both children and neonates in Mozambique after accounting for VA misclassification bias.

Stakeholders’ perceptions and experiences of an outdoor activity project on children myopia prevention: a multiperspective qualitative study

Abstract Objective: The current investigation sought to examine the experiences and perspectives of the project coordinators, participating parents, and children to identify strategies for enhancing children’s engagement and adherence to outdoor physical activities. Methods: A descriptive, qualitative study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019 through in-depth interviews with 32 families who participated in the Community Child Myopia Prevention Project, 15 project volunteers, and 8 community organizers. Results: Five themes and 10 subthemes were identified to enhance children’s participation rate and adherence to the project. The 5 themes were as follows: (1) overcoming parental barriers, (2) attracting parental participation, (3) active support from parents, (4) creating a positive experience for children, and (5) integration into children’s daily lives. Conclusions: Empowering parents and children by meeting their needs, creating innovative activities, and connecting them with community social networks support the successful integration of the outdoor activity program into their daily lives. The sharing and integration of community resources through community empowerment can provide a framework for developing future community interventional projects.

최대 엔트로피 모형을 활용한 기후변화 시나리오 기반 산사태 취약성평가

Climate change has a significant impact on the occurrence of landslides, and as it intensifies, abnormal weather such as cold waves, heavy snowfall, torrential rains, and typhoons will become more frequent, leading to an increase in disasters. This study constructed a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model using geospatial information and meteorological factors (using representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5 and RCP 4.5 scenarios) from landslide occurrence locations from 2010 to 2020 and simulated the national probability of landslide occurrence per year from 2021 to 2085. A vulnerability assessment was performed considering the government’s policy and budget, and the possible damage caused by landslides was quantitatively evaluated. The results of the impact assessment showed that the probability of landslide occurrence based on the RCP 8.5 scenario was 1.8 times higher in the 2030s, 1.7 times higher in the 2050s, and 7.2 times higher in the 2080s than that based on the RCP 4.5 scenario. In addition, passive and active mitigation, assuming a constant increasing rate of policy budget, showed a difference in reduction of landslide risk. Applying passive mitigation in the impact and vulnerability assessments reduced the risk of landslides by a minimum of 47.7% to a maximum of 52.6%. Active mitigation reduced the risk of landslide occurrence from a minimum of 63.6% to a maximum of 68.4%. The results of this study provide basic data for local governments to determine the priorities of landslide prevention projects. However, future research should consider landslide damage intensity and the physical limitations in spatialization of the adaptive capacity considered in the vulnerability evaluation.

The Culture is Prevention Project: measuring cultural connectedness and providing evidence that culture is a social determinant of health for Native Americans

BackgroundIt is important for non-Native persons to understand that the meaning of culture to Native American/Indigenous Peoples is not about esteem, taste or music but rather is described as a cognitive map on how to be. Native American/Indigenous culture can be thought of as all the things and ways in which Native/Indigenous people understand who they are, where they come from and how they are to interact with others. Hundreds of years across many generations have taught that culture-based activities and interventions improve Native/Indigenous health and wellbeing. We explore if increased Native American culture/cultural connectedness is associated with better mental health/well-being and physical health.MethodsWe analyzed data from a two-phased study (N = 259 and N = 102) of 361 urban Native Americans in California (2018–2021). The 29 items validated Cultural Connectedness Scale-California (CCS-CA) measured Native culture/cultural connectedness. Mental health/well-being and physical health were assessed using the: modified Herth Hope Index (mHHI), Satisfaction with Life (SWL), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R-10), Substance Abuse (CAGE-AID), and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). We conducted Pearson correlations and stepwise regression analyses with CCS-CA as the independent (predictor) variable to explore our main research questions: 1) Is increased Native American/Indigenous culture associated with: 1) better mental health/well-being; and 2) better physical health?ResultsIncreased Native/Indigenous culture (CCS-CA scores) is significantly associated with better mental health/well-being (mHHI, p < .001) and satisfaction with life (SWL, p < .001) predicts good physical health days (HRQOL, p < .001). Increased connection to Native American/Indigenous culture (CCS-CA scores) is significantly associated with decreased risk for depression (CESD-R-10, p < .0) and substance abuse and (CAGE-AID, p < .07). Significant results for culture as protective against risk for substance abuse (CAGE-AID) was most likely affected (p value approaching significance) due to an error in language on the measure (i.e., created double negative).ConclusionsNative American/Indigenous culture is a predictor of improved outcomes for mental health/well-being and physical healthy days. Native culture is an important social determinant of health. We add to the evidence that Native/Indigenous culture (i.e., cultural connectedness) be considered an important intervention objective and health-related outcome measure.

Schoolchildren's Lifestyle and Behaviors Relating to Obesity: Collaborative Study in Urban Uganda

Context: Child obesity, one of the major contributors to noncommunicable diseases in developing countries, is rising following drastic economic growth and lifestyle changes. In Uganda, noncommunicable diseases as a cause of death have increased from 15% in 1990 to 35% in 2019.&#x0D; Aim: The study aimed to investigate schoolchildren’s obesity status, lifestyle behaviors, and the factors of obesity in urban Uganda.&#x0D; Methods: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative design. The survey using the researcher-developed questionnaire and physical measurement tools for 330 children aged 9 to 11 years old in 6 elementary schools in urban Uganda in November 2018. The Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing Institutional Review Board approved this study (Approval Number: 2018-066).&#x0D; Results: Obesity status among schoolchildren in urban Uganda was 67.6% normal, 25.2% underweight, 5.4% overweight, and 1.8% obese.&#x0D; Conclusion: Obesity and overweight have not been predominant in this population. However, children's growth must be carefully monitored to prevent future overweight and obesity due to the limited availability of school health services and rapid lifestyle changes. Demographic factors associated with obesity status (waist-hip ratio, body fat, and body mass index) were gender, financial access to food, screen time, sleep time, and sleep hours. Based on this study in Uganda, the researchers expect to develop further collaborative child obesity prevention projects.

Research priorities relating to the delivery of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation programmes: results of a modified Delphi process

ObjectiveThe purpose of this British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) research priority setting project (PSP) was to identify a top 10 list of priority research questions for cardiovascular...

Community Gardens: A Catalyst for Community Change.

Community gardens are increasing in popularity and are associated with extensive physical and mental health benefits, increased access to fresh produce, and increased social connections. However, evidence is primarily from research in urban and school settings, and little is known about the role of community gardens in rural settings as part of policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes to promote health. This study explores the implementation of community gardens as part of an obesity prevention project, titled Healthier Together (HT), in five rural Georgia counties with limited food access and high obesity prevalence (>40%) using a mixed-methods research design that included data from project records, a community survey, interviews, and focus groups with county coalition members. Nineteen community gardens were implemented across five counties, 89% distributed produce direct to consumers, and 50% were integrated into the food system. Few (8.3%) of the survey respondents (n = 265) identified gardens as a food source, but 21.9% reported using an HT garden in the past year. Themes emerging from interviews (n = 39) and five focus groups suggested community gardens were a catalyst for broader community health change by increasing awareness of the value and absence of healthy food and generating excitement for future PSE initiatives to more comprehensively address food and physical activity access. Practitioners should consider placement of rural community gardens to optimize access to and distribution of produce as well as communication and marketing strategies to increase engagement and leverage gardens as gateways for PSE approaches to improve rural health.

Discussion on the Relationship between Debris Flow Provenance Particle Characteristics, Gully Slope, and Debris Flow Types along the Karakoram Highway

Debris flow, the most extensive and most severe geological hazard along the Karakoram Highway, frequently blocks the Karakoram Highway. Based on the methods of field measurement, indoor statistical analysis and theoretical research, this paper discusses the relationship between the four types of debris flow along the Karakoram Highway. The four types are the rain type, the rain glacier type, the glacier ice lake break type and the freeze–thaw type, and their particle characteristics and gully slope are also considered in the discussion. The results are as follows: (1) The provenance particle size of debris flow is controlled by the type of debris flow. Generally, the provenance average particle equivalent diameter of the debris flow induced by the glacier ice lake type is relatively small, followed by the freeze–thaw type and glacier ice lake break type, and the equivalent diameter of the debris flow induced by the rain type is relatively large; (2) The gully slope coefficient of the debris flow C along the Karakoram Highway is greater than 1, and it increases with the increase in gully slope α, that is, the larger C is, the steeper the gully slope will be; (3) The gully slope coefficient C and the average particle equivalent diameter D of the four types of debris flow are distributed in the ellipse with them as the axis. This ellipse quantitatively describes the relationship between the gully slope of the four types of debris flow and the corresponding provenance particle characteristics. This paper analyzes the formation and causes of debris flow along the Karakoram Highway. It accurately understands the scientific connotation of debris flow formation in the surface matrix layer and improves the diversity, stability, and sustainability of the ecosystem. The paper also proposes ideas and suggestions for promoting the ecological protection and restoration of the Karakoram Highway. Therefore, the research has a certain theoretical significance and practical application value for the appropriate selection and rational design of the debris flow prevention projects along the China–Pakistan Highway.

Developing Effective Project Management Strategy for Urban Flood Disaster Prevention Project in EDO State Capital, Nigeria

Emphasizing the need to provide a coordinated flood management strategy in the country and avoid acting in an isolated way when it occurs, improving the attitude of flood control during floods, and controlling floods with comprehensive analysis are among the main purposes of the current study. In this study, the environment’s physical, technological, social, economic, and political characteristics are considered to assess the urban flood risk. This study entails a discussion of flood hazard control in Benin City, the capital city of Edo State of Nigeria. The research methodology involves employing both interviews and questionnaire distribution. First, three key persons involved in flood control are interviewed at the State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA), which coordinates disaster risk reduction in the state, and then, the responses are classified into themes that are used to prepare the questionnaire to be distributed in four main regions. The questionnaires are distributed to the employees in institutions concerned with flood control and to the general population living in the region. Based on the obtained results from the interviews, some methods that could be applicable in controlling flooding in the region are listed. The results showed that the most important ones are flood warning systems, flood prevention through using the building resilient infrastructure and community programs, protection and mitigation through using natural processes, and strategic implementation of a flood emergency plan through sustainability.

Comparison of MAFLD and NAFLD Characteristics in Children.

An international panel proposed a diagnostic framework for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in children. The aim was to compare the clinical features of MAFLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. The characteristic differences between NAFLD and MAFLD in children were compared with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 in the U.S. and the Comprehensive Prevention Project for Overweight and Obese Adolescents (CPOOA) study in China. In NHANES 2017-2018, regardless of which criteria were implemented, participants with hepatic steatosis were more likely to have higher BMI z-scores, a higher prevalence of hypertension or higher metabolic indices and higher non-invasive liver fibrosis scores (all p < 0.05). The cases diagnosed by those two definitions had a similarity of over 75%. More obese children were diagnosed with MAFLD than NAFLD (p < 0.001). However, approximately 19% of children with NAFLD present with normal weight and fasting glucose levels and cannot be diagnosed with MAFLD. The CPOOA study excluded viral infected liver disease and certain kinds of congenital causes of liver steatosis patients, resulting in children with NAFLD being identical with MAFLD children. Most clinical features were similar between children with MAFLD and children with NAFLD, and more than 75% of children with NAFLD can also be diagnosed with MAFLD. However, approximately 19% of children with NAFLD cannot be categorized as MAFLD. Therefore, to gain greater benefits from renaming NAFLD to MAFLD in pediatrics, the prevalence of different causes of hepatic steatosis in children needs to be understood.

Veteran Engagement in Survey Research to Prevent Suicide.

Suicide rates among veterans remain high, underscoring the necessity of identifying modifiable suicide risk and protective factors that can be targeted through public health approaches. One way to ensure that survey-based research yields information necessary to translate findings into patient-centered interventions is through veteran engagement. The current manuscript describes perspectives of members of a national Veterans Engagement Board (VEB) in contributing to the Assessing Social and Community Environments with National Data (ASCEND) for Veteran Suicide Prevention project. Contributions have included strengthening communication with potential veteran participants, addressing sensitive survey topics such as firearms and suicide, and ensuring that ASCEND is responsive to current national and global events. Additionally, Veterans Engagement Board members described the personal impact of engagement. These contributions highlight the value of veteran engagement as an integral component of suicide risk and prevention research.

The Expected Effect of Korea-Mongolia FTA and EPA

On December 30, 2021, the Mongolian government enacted a “New Revitalization Policy” to accelerate economic development and enhance the effectiveness of the long-term development policy “Vision 2050” after the COVID-19. Mongolia is currently a member of the Japan-Mongolia Economic Partnership Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement(APTA). The joint research on the Economic Partnership Agreement with Korea-Mongolia and Mongolia-China are completed. Joint research of a free trade agreement with Mongolia and EEU(Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan) is in progress. Economic cooperation between Korea and Mongolia is not showing good results compared to current political, social, and cultural cooperation. The expected effects of the conclusion of the Economic Partnership Agreement can be summarized as follows. First, if the tariff barriers on Korea-Mongolia trade are gradually resolved through the conclusion of the economic partnership agreement, the volume of trade is expected to increase significantly. Second, the inclusion of special information on investment in the bilateral economic partnership agreement is expected to improve Korea’s FDI environment with Mongolia, and increase investment in mining, agriculture and infrastructure and SMEs. As the tree planting campaign is a nationwide campaign, demand for forestry machines, equipments, and irrigation systems is expected to expand gradually. Korea has become a representative country that has succeeded in foresting project of Mindungsan(bald mountain). Korea’s forest diplomacy also played a major role in fields such as greening projects, desertification prevention projects, carbon emissions, and global warming climate countermeasures on the international stage. The “Planting 1 Billion Trees” campaign to respond to climate change in Mongolia can be an opportunity for Korean companies.

Bi-objective pavement maintenance and rehabilitation optimization decision-making model incorporating the construction length of preventive maintenance projects

Existing optimization decision-making approaches for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) ignore the construction length of preventive maintenance (PM) projects, and its negative effects are difficult to be transformed into cost. To address this issue, this study proposes a bi-objective decision-making model that incorporates the problem as the second objective into the two-stage bottom-up approach. The proposed model contains selection of performance indicators, Bayesian neural network-based probabilistic deterioration model, evaluation of initial M&R actions on a segment level, and bi-objective decision-making. It is solved by the enumeration method and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. Finally, the Pareto solutions are obtained. A solution is an M&R plan, where an initial action (treatment type) is selected for a pavement segment. Among the Pareto solutions, the one with the second objective greater than or equal to and closest to the shortest construction length, is the optimal M&R plan. In addition, compared with the model that converts the problem into a constraint, the proposed model recommends a better plan that can achieve higher performance at lower cost, which validates the strength of the proposed model. Decision-makers can adopt the proposed model to optimize pavement M&R plans that consider the construction length of PM projects.

Model Construction of Water Pollution Prevention Project Based on Small Sample Learning and Data Fusion

Model Construction of Water Pollution Prevention Project Based on Small Sample Learning and Data Fusion

Comparison of Machine Learning and Traditional Statistical Methods in Debris Flow Susceptibility Assessment: A Case Study of Changping District, Beijing

As a common geological hazard, debris flow is widely distributed around the world. Meanwhile, due to the influence of many factors such as geology, geomorphology and climate, the occurrence frequency and main inducing factors are different in different places. Therefore, the evaluation of debris flow sensitivity can provide a very important theoretical basis for disaster prevention and control. In this research, 43 debris flow gullies in Changping District, Beijing were cataloged and studied through field surveys and the 3S technology (GIS (Geography Information Systems), GPS (Global Positioning Systems), RS (Remote Sensing)). Eleven factors, including elevation, slope, plane curvature, profile curvature, roundness, geomorphic information entropy, TWI, SPI, TCI, NDVI and rainfall, were selected to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system. The watershed unit is directly related to the development and activities of debris flow, which can fully reflect the geomorphic and geological environment of debris flow. Therefore, the watershed unit was selected as the basic mapping unit to establish four evaluation models, namely ACA–PCA–FR (Analytic Hierarchy Process–Principal Component Analysis–Frequency Ratio), FR (Frequency Ratio), SVM (Support Vector Machines) and LR (Logistic Regression). In other words, this research evaluates debris flow susceptibility by comparingit with two traditional weight methods (ACA–PCA–FR and FR) and two machine learning methods (SVM and LR). The results show that the SVM evaluation model is superior to the other three models, and thevalueofthe area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) is 0.889 from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). It verifies that the SVM model has strong adaptability to small sample data. The study was divided into five regions, which were very low, low, moderate, high and very high, accounting for 22.31%, 25.04%, 17.66%, 18.85% and 16.14% of the total study area, respectively, by SVM model. The results obtained in this researchagree with the actual survey results, and can provide theoretical help for disaster prevention and reduction projects.