Prevention Of Skin Damage Research Articles

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Vitellaria paradoxa Seed Extract and Its Effect of Ultra Violet Radiation Induced Skin Damage

Ultra violet radiation (UVR) is relevant in nature, but despite its importance it has been labeled as a causative agent in skin damage. This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant properties of shea butter and its role in the prevention of skin damage. Six groups of albino rats with three rats per group were used, group 2-5 were exposed to UVR at the dose of 180 mJ/cm2 with group 1 serving as the normal control, group 2 (negative control), group 2-5 (treated groups) and group 6 (normal + treated). The treatment was done by topical application of Vitellaria parodoxa seed extract 5 minutes after exposure to UVR. The in-vitro antioxidant properties determined using DPPH radical scavenging activity revealed that the aqueous extract of Vitellaria paradoxa possesses high antioxidant activity. There was an increase in the concentration of GSH of the treated animals when compared to the negative control (p<0.05). The histopathology result shows the extract had a protective effect on the skin tissue of the experimental animals. This study suggests the extract has the potential to serve as a chemopreventive agent against UV-induced skin damage by neutralizing the effects of free radicals generated by ultraviolet radiation and as such can be recommended for use as UVR screen which could in turn reduce the risk of UVR skin damage.

Prevención de lesiones cutáneas causadas por productos y equipos de protección personal durante COVID-19: revisión de alcance.

Identify, summarise and present key recommendations published in the literature to prevent skin damage in health professionals as a result of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the covid-19 pandemic. A scoping review, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, was carried out between December 2019 and May 2020. The studies included male and female health professionals, who wore PPE during the global pandemic, in any given scenario. Headings and abstracts were analysed. Two independent investigators reviewed the full text. Eight publications were included. All of them focused on preventing pressure ulcers (PU) caused by PPE. Hygiene, hydration and the use of skin barriers were highlighted as preventive measures. There were different views around the type of humectant/skin barrier recommended to avoid skin damage. More studies identifying the most suitable strategies to maintain health professionals' skin integrity during the covid-19 pandemic are needed.

Biocompatible hydrogel ostomy adhesive

AbstractOstomies are digestive and excretory surgeries where waste is redirected to the outside of the abdomen, requiring a bag to catch excretion. Current methods use adhesives to create adhesion for 24‐h usage of the ostomy bag. However, current adhesives are weak and unstable, and often lead to leakages of ostomy effluents resulting in various clinical complications including irritant dermatitis and infection. Due to these challenges, no commercially available product provides strong enough adhesion nor mechanical softness to prevent skin damage from ostomy leaks. In this work, we introduce a hydrogel ostomy adhesive (HOA) made from a tough double‐network hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and sodium alginate that strongly adheres onto the skin for over 24 h and prevents leaks by maintaining fluid‐tight sealing against regular bodily movements. The adhesion of HOA to abdominal skin is achieved by the topological adhesion formed by a biopolymer chitosan solution. The HOA’s robust adhesion of an ostomy bag is demonstrated on ex vivo porcine skin and in vivo human skin and is compared with existing commercially available ostomy bag adhesives.

Analyzing the Effectiveness of Adipose Tissue Stem Cell and Microvesicle Therapy in Premature Skin Aging Caused by Chronic Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and microvesicles (MVs) isolated from ADSCs are promising therapeutic agents for various pathological and physiological skin conditions. Investigate the effects of ADSC and MV therapy on skin regeneration under photoaging conditions in vivo. CD-1 mice were exposed to a course of UV radiation exposure for 6 weeks. After 4 weeks, the animals were injected by multiple intradermal punctures with ADSCs, MVs, or PBS. To analyze the effectiveness of ADSCs and MVs, changes in the microcirculation within the dorsal skin of the mice was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry. Morphometric and morphological assessment of histological changes were also performed. No differences in skin perfusion were identified at 4 weeks post-injection of ADSCs and MVs. However, histological analysis showed treatment with ADSCs and MVs both led to a decrease in UV-mediated epidermal thickening and improved organization of the dermal layer. ADSC- and ADSC-MV-based therapy acts to prevent skin damage caused by UV photoaging.

Protective effect of adenosine triphosphate against sunitinib-related skin damage in rats.

Cutaneous side effects associated with sunitinib use are a major problem in patients receiving cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) against possible skin damage resulting from sunitinib use in rats. Thirty Albino Winstar rats were divided into the following three groups: healthy controls (HCs, n = 10), sunitinib (SUN, n = 10), and sunitinib + ATP (SAT, n = 10). ATP was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 mg/kg. One hour subsequent to the administration of ATP and 0.9% NaCl, the SAT and SUN groups were orally administered a dose of 25 mg/kg sunitinib to the stomach. Macroscopic evaluation of the skin indicated lower levels of skin damage in the SAT group than in the SUN group. As an indicator of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly higher in the SUN group than in the HC group, while total glutathione (tGSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were significantly lower. However, MDA, TOS, and OSI levels were significantly lower in the SAT group than in the SUN group, while tGSH and TAS levels were significantly higher. Histopathological examination revealed keratin plugs with edema, vasopathology, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the SUN group. The SAT group showed less necrotic epithelium, keratin plugs, edema, and vasopathology than the SUN group. ATP can be effective in preventing skin damage caused by sunitinib use by reducing oxidative stress.

Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19: monthly update.

Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19: monthly update.

Moisture associated skin damage (MASD) in intensive care patients: A Norwegian point-prevalence study

BackgroundCritically ill patients are at risk of developing moisture associated skin damage and pressure ulcers. These conditions may co-exist and be difficult to distinguish, but a simultaneous investigation may provide a true prevalence. ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of moisture associated skin damage and associated factors among Norwegian intensive care patients. MethodsA multi-centre one-day point-prevalence study. ResultsTotally, 112 patients participated in the study. Overall, 15 patients (13%, 15/112) had some type of moisture associated skin damage of which six cases (5%, 6/112) were related to faeces and/or urine (incontinence associated dermatitis). Skin breakdown occurred primarily in the pelvic area. Overall, 87% (97/112) had an indwelling urinary catheter. Stools were reported in 42% (47/112) of the patients on the study day, mostly liquid or semi-liquid. Overall, 11% (12/112) had a faecal management system. Only a few care plans for moisture associated skin damage prevention and care existed. ConclusionPatients in this study were vulnerable to skin breakdown in the pelvic area. Nevertheless, a low prevalence of skin breakdown existed. This may relate to intensive care nurses’ qualifications, the 1:1 nurse-patient staffing, the high prevalence of urinary catheters and few patients having stools.

Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19.

Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19.

Prevention of skin damage

Prevention of skin damage

Wheat Extract Oil (WEO) Attenuates UVB-Induced Photoaging via Collagen Synthesis in Human Keratinocytes and Hairless Mice

Abstract Objectives The efficacy of wheat extract oil (WEO), standardized to glucosylceramides, for protecting against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage of skin barrier function was assessed using the SHK-1 hairless mouse model and two human skin cell lines, namely, CCD-986sk and HeCaT. Methods The ability for repeated oral administration of 30, 60, and 120 mg of WEO/kg/day for 12 weeks to prevent skin damage of SKH-1 hairless mice induced by UVB irradiation was evaluated. To complement this work, and better understand the mechanism(s) through which this dietary ingredient works, changes in procollagen, hyaluronic acid (HA) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) levels were assessed in response to UVB treatment in the presence and absence of WEO. Results The results demonstrated that UVB-induced water evaporation (transepidermal water loss, TEWL) was significantly decreased by WEO. Similarly, UVB-induced losses in moisture and skin elasticity were improved by WEO supplementation. WEO attenuated the tissue procollagen type I, HA, and ceramide reductions induced by UVB treatment as well. Collagen concentrations in skin tissue were increased in the WEO-treated mice, while UVB-induced epidermal thickening was reduced. In vitro studies using HeCaT human keratinocytes confirmed increased HA and collagen synthesis in response to WEO treatment. This may occur via WEO suppression of MMP-1, since its induction by UVB treatment was diminished in treated CCD-986sk cells. Conclusions Oral administration of WEO improves skin barrier function in UVB-irradiated mice by attenuating damage typically observed in photoaging. This research further clarifies the clinical benefits previously observed by dietary WEO consumption. Funding Sources Funding for this research was provided by the Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd.

Apple Extract (Malus sp.) and Rutin as Photochemopreventive Agents: Evaluation of Ultraviolet B-Induced Alterations on Skin Biopsies and Tissue-Engineered Skin.

The skin is exposed to the solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, which leads to the formation of several types of skin damage responsible for cancer initiation and aging. Malus sp. is a genus of apples, which are a good source of polyphenolic compounds. Malus sp. and more precisely one of its components, rutin, have preventive effects on many diseases caused by reactive oxygen species. In addition, previous studies have suggested the topical usage of the extract as a cosmetic product to prevent skin damage caused by oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of two topical formulations containing 1.25% of Malus sp. extract and the equivalent amount of rutin (0.75%). The photochemopreventive effect was assessed on two three-dimensional (3D) skin models, that is, ex vivo skin explants and 3D tissue-engineered skin to compare the models. Both formulations protected against the UVB-induced increase in sunburn cell formation, as well as caspase-3 activation and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation in both skin models. Furthermore, the formulations inhibited the lipid peroxidation and the metalloproteinase formation induced by UVB radiation. The tissue-engineered skins and the skin explants provided effective tools to assess the UVB-induced damages. These results support use of the Malus sp. extract and rutin as skin photochemopreventive agents for topical application.

Study of the Mechanics of the Spacesuit Gloves

Human safety and ergonomics are the key aspects for engineers working on the design of flight suits. The most important is the prevention of skin damage, the protection of the entire human body, especially from an aggressive environment, and the provision of comfort comparable to everyday clothes. The study is conducted by the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) and is aimed to identify the main problems of modern design of flight suits, which can then be compared and applied to spacesuits. Different spacesuits have been analyzed to prove an importance of high flexibility of the spacesuit’s elements. Pre- and postflight tests stressed high risk of human body injuries in more flexible places comparing to solid ones. At the same time, the bending elements of the suit play crucial role in the operational performance. Based on these overviews a specific glove for spacesuits has been selected and analyzed in details, as an example of the most flexible and important part of the flight kit. This study is aimed to find the most effective way to allow flexibility of the elements of the glove and, as a result, to improve safety and ergonomic markers of the whole spacesuit. For this reason, a mathematical model of human performance (in different operations as bending, holding etc.) has been created and a comparative analysis of joints has been made based on quantitative data on the number of elements, including adhesion, tightening, etc. The experiments have been carried out using tests with a probability level of 0.05. As a result, this article discusses methodological recommendations and safety requirements as well as ways to improve modern gloves. It can potentially affect the direction of its further development identifying a general approach to the flight suit design. This paper also gives an overview of potential spin-off of selected technology.

Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Anti-MMPs, and Anti-Hyaluronidase Activities of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. Leaf Extracts for Skin Aging and Skin Damage Prevention.

This study aimed to investigate the potential usage of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. leaf extracts in the cosmetic industry. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and hyaluronidase inhibition of T. laurifolia leaf extracts, prepared using reflux extraction with deionized water (RE) and 80% v/v ethanol using Soxhlet’s apparatus (SE), were determined. Rosmarinic acid, phenolics, and flavonoids contents were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, Folin–Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. Antioxidant activities were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and linoleic acid-thiocyanate assays. MMP-1 inhibition was investigated using enzymatic and fluorescent reactions, whereas MMP-2, MMP-9, and hyaluronidase inhibition were investigated using gel electrophoresis. Cytotoxicity on human fibroblast cell line was also investigated. The results demonstrated that SE contained significantly higher content of rosmarinic acid (5.62% ± 0.01%) and flavonoids (417 ± 25 mg of quercetin/g of extract) but RE contained a significantly higher phenolics content (181 ± 1 mg of gallic acid/g of extract; p < 0.001). SE possessed higher lipid peroxidation inhibition but less DPPH• scavenging activity than RE. Both extracts possessed comparable hyaluronidase inhibition. SE was as potent an MMP-1 inhibitor as gallic acid (half maximal inhibitory concentration values were 12.0 ± 0.3 and 8.9 ± 0.4 mg/cm3, respectively). SE showed significantly higher MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition than RE (p < 0.05). Therefore, SE is a promising natural anti-ageing ingredient rich in rosmarinic acid and flavonoids with antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase, and potent MMPs inhibitory effects that could be applied in the cosmetic industry.

Topical application of purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) ethanol cream extract of dermic collagen on male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ultraviolet B

Background: Purple cabbage or also known as red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) contains polyphenols, especially anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside). Anthocyanin has a protective effect against radical oxidative superoxide (ROS). Thus it can prevent skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation.Aim: The research aims to prove the effectivity of distribution of purple cabbage ethanol cream extract prevented the decrease of dermal collagens on Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UV-B rays.Method: This research was arranged with the randomize post-test only control group design. 30 rats were divided into 6 groups containing 5 rats each, there are control group (P1) without distribution of any cream, Treatment Group (P2) with a distribution of base cream (placebo), (P3) sunblock 33 SPF, (P4) 5%, (P5) 10 %, and (P6) 20 % smeared by purple cabbage ethanol cream extract. All groups exposed to UV-B with a total dose of 840 mJ/cm2 for 4 weeks. Then a sampling rats skin was done for examining the level of collagen skin with Sirius red staining. The level of collagen was calculated by the percentage of the area of the pixel of collagen and was compared with the pixels of entire dermal tissues.Result: The result demonstrated that the mean of collagens in The First Group/P1 (57.74%) and P2 (60.84%) decreased more significantly than P3 (82.17%), P4 (68.23%), P5 (76.93%), and P6 (84.54%) following UV-B exposure. The Post Hoc result showed that there was no significant difference in the level of collagen in the control group and placebo group and the sunblock group with the purple cabbage’s ethanol cream extract group of 20% (p&gt;0.05).Conclusion: the distribution of purple cabbage ethanol cream extract prevented the decrease of dermal collagens on male Wistar rats skin exposed to UV-B.

Pressure Injuries of the Nose and Columella in Preterm Neonates Receiving Noninvasive Ventilation via a Specialized Nasal Cannula: A Retrospective Comparison Cohort Study.

The aims of this study were to measure the incidence and severity of nasal septum injury in premature infants receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via a noninvasive thin-walled cannula, and to evaluate the effect of a polyvinyl chloride foam barrier dressing in reducing these injuries. Retrospective chart review, comparison cohort study. The sample comprised 235 neonates with a gestational age of 28 weeks or younger. Their mean gestational age was 26 weeks (range 22-28 weeks) and mean birth weight was 840 g (range 430-1320 g). The study setting was a level 4, regional neonatal intensive care unit housed in a 200-bed freestanding children's hospital located in the Northeastern United States. Data were collected during 3 periods. During all 3 data collection periods, we used a soft, thin-walled nasal cannula, with a relatively short, binasal prong interphase and small diameter tubing connected to a ventilator circuit capable of transmitting positive airway pressure in neonates. During data collection periods 1 and 3, we used a polyvinyl foam barrier dressing as a preventive intervention against nasal skin damage; specifically, we placed a precut barrier on the prongs to protect the nasal skin. One side of the barrier foam has an adhesive surface, which was placed against the prongs. Study period 2 differed; during this period neonates were treated with the nasal cannula without the foam barrier based on manufacturer experience suggesting the foam barrier is not needed for prevention of skin damage. Pressure injuries (PIs) that occurred during each study period were staged according to National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel definitions. Eighty neonates were evaluated during study period 1 (thin-walled nasal cannula plus foam barrier). We evaluated 27 neonates during period 2 (thin-walled nasal cannula and no foam barrier) and 128 were evaluated during study period 3 (thin-walled nasal cannula plus foam barrier). Six neonates (7%) developed PIs during period 1, and 2 (1.5%) developed during study period 3. All were stage 1 and 2 PIs, no full-thickness injuries, also referred to as columella necrosis developed during use of the thin-walled nasal cannula in combination with the foam barrier dressings. In contrast, 13 PIs (48%) of neonates managed during data collection period 2 (thin-walled nasal cannula with no foam barrier) developed PI, and 40% experienced stage 3 PI or columella necrosis. This difference reflects a 6-fold increase in nasal injury occurred when nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) was administered without use of the protective barrier dressing. We found clinically relevant difference in the occurrences of nasal PI in neonates managed with NCPAP; occurrences of stage 3 PI were 6-fold higher when a thin-walled cannula was used without a protective foam barrier dressing.

Protective Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Deschampsia antarctica (EDAFENCE®) on Skin Cells against Blue Light Emitted from Digital Devices

Skin is being increasingly exposed to artificial blue light due to the extensive use of electronic devices. This, together with recent observations reporting that blue light—also known as high-energy visible light—can exert cytotoxic effects associated with oxidative stress and promote hyperpigmentation, has sparked interest in blue light and its potential harmful effects on skin. The photoprotective properties of new extracts of different botanicals with antioxidant activity are therefore being studied. Deschampsia antarctica (Edafence®, EDA), a natural aqueous extract, has shown keratinocyte and fibroblast cell protection effects against ultraviolet radiation and dioxin toxicity. In this regard, we studied the protective capacity of EDA against the deleterious effects of artificial blue light irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and melanocytes. We analyzed the impact of EDA on viability, cell morphology, oxidative stress, melanogenic signaling pathway activation and hyperpigmentation in HDF and melanocytes subjected to artificial blue light irradiation. Our results show that EDA protects against cell damage caused by artificial blue light, decreasing oxidative stress, melanogenic signaling pathway activation and hyperpigmentation caused by blue light irradiation. All these findings suggest that EDA might help prevent skin damage produced by artificial blue light exposure from screen of electronic devices.

Wheat Extract Oil (WEO) Attenuates UVB-Induced Photoaging via Collagen Synthesis in Human Keratinocytes and Hairless Mice.

The efficacy of wheat extract oil (WEO), standardized to glucosylceramides, for protecting against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage of skin barrier function was assessed using the SHK-1 hairless mouse model and two human skin cell lines, namely, CCD-986sk and HeCaT. The ability of repeated oral administration of 30, 60, and 120 mg of WEO/kg/day for 12 weeks to prevent skin damage of SKH-1 hairless mice induced by UVB irradiation was evaluated. The results demonstrated that UVB-induced water evaporation (transepidermal water loss, TEWL) was significantly decreased by WEO. Similarly, UVB-induced losses in moisture and skin elasticity were improved by WEO supplementation. WEO attenuated the tissue procollagen type I, hyaluronic acid (HA), and ceramide reductions induced by UVB treatment as well. Collagen concentrations in skin tissue were increased in the WEO-treated mice, while UVB-induced epidermal thickening was reduced. In vitro studies using HeCaT human keratinocytes confirmed increased HA and collagen synthesis in response to WEO treatment. This may occur via WEO suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), since its induction by UVB treatment was diminished in treated CCD-986sk cells. Oral administration of WEO improves skin barrier function in UVB-irradiated mice by attenuating damage typically observed in photoaging. This research further clarifies the clinical benefits previously observed by dietary WEO consumption.

Protective effect of kudzu root vinegar and adenosine against UVB-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, which induces sunburn cell formation, melanoma, photoaging, and skin cancer. This study examines the anti-photodamage effects of kudzu root vinegar and adenosine in UVB-exposed human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). UVB significantly decreased HaCaT cell viability, whereas kudzu root vinegar and adenosine did not exhibit cytotoxic effects and increased the viability of HaCaT cells. To investigate the protective effects of kudzu root vinegar and adenosine on UVB-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells, ROS, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were analyzed. UVB-induced treatment reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes; however, kudzu root vinegar and adenosine increased their activity. These results indicated that kudzu root vinegar and adenosine exert cytoprotective activity against UVB-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells. Moreover, they suppressed the UVB-induced downregulation of MMPs and inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK induced by UVB-irradiation. Therefore, kudzu root vinegar and adenosine offer anti-oxidative effects, via lowering ROS production, suppressing JNK activation, and downregulating expression of MMPs. Our findings suggest that kudzu root vinegar and adenosine have potential application in preventing skin damage owing to UVB exposure. Keywords: reactive oxygen species (ROS), HaCaT cell, UVB, skin damage, anti-aging

Prevention of UVB radiation-induced oxidative stress in mice by topical administration of Azadirachta indica (neem) extract

Neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. fam. Meliaceae) has been extensively employed to combat diverse pathologies. Moreover, it has been described that its leaf extract present anticarcinogenic action. Thus, the neem extract (NE) chemical and antioxidant properties was evaluated, and also, the capacity of two dermatological formulations incorporated with neem extract (F1 and F2) to avoid oxidative UVB-induced skin injury in hairless mice. NE constituents were investigated and free radical scavenging ability were determined by different methods in vitro. Skin from mice treated with F1 and F2 and submitted to UVB radiation were tested for different parameters of inflammation and oxidative injury. Results show that the NE polyphenol and flavonoid content were 135.30 and 37.12mg/g, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results demonstrated the existence of azarachtin, rutin, ursolic acid and tannic acid. NE presented scavenging ability by ABTS radical, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), inhibition of lipid peroxidation and iron chelation. In vivo, it was observed that mice treated with F1 and F2 showed amelioration of the inflammation by reducing UVB induced skin edema. However, only samples from animals treated with F1 had lower neutrophil recruitment (measured by myeloperoxidase activity), and returning the oxidative status to baseline levels in parameters such as reduced glutathione level, ferric reducing ability (FRAP), and scavenging of free radical (ABTS). Concluding, NE demonstrated a good antioxidant property in vitro, and the data suggest the use of NE added F1 to prevent skin damage caused by UVB irradiation.

How to prevent skin damage from air pollution. Part 1: Exposure assessment.

Both epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the crucial connection between air pollution exposure and skin disorders. The exact mechanisms by which air pollutants mediate skin damage remain largely unknown. Therefore, it is very necessary to investigate the mechanism of air pollution-induced skin damage and explore some potential protective and therapeutic methods. In this review, we focus on the qualitative and quantitative skin exposure assessment methodologies-a relatively new field of interdisciplinary research.