Prevention Of Offenses Research Articles

Administrative law in the prevention of offenses in the tax field

Offenses in the tax field, which is one of the most important torts of a financial nature, to counter which the state directs effective countermeasures.
 The main place in the system of financial support for the functioning of the state is given to tax legal relations, which mediate the movement of funds for the implementation of state tasks in order to satisfy general public interests. Today, most spheres of public life are financed at the expense of state resources, received mainly from taxpayers in the form of taxes and fees.
 Understanding the content of the wording "tax sphere" becomes possible as a result of the analysis of the definition of the sphere of legal influence of the Tax Code of Ukraine, which regulates relations related to the payment of taxes, fees, and their administration, determines the peculiarities of the legal status of taxpayers and fees, their legal opportunities, in particular rights, duties, competence of subjects of tax administration, fees, control bodies, regulates the procedure of responsibility for violation of tax legislation.
 Therefore, when we talk about the prevention of offenses in the tax sphere, we mean offenses related to the collection and administration of the payment of taxes and fees, violation of the procedure for the implementation of the rights of taxpayers and fees, rights, duties, competences of control bodies and subjects of the administration of taxes and fees, other violation of tax legislation.
 In the Tax Code of Ukraine, the legislator outlined the content of tax offenses, which should be understood as illegal actions committed by taxpayers, tax agents, their officials and officials of control bodies, which lead to non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of the requirements of tax legislation, the control of which is entrusted to regulatory authorities. At the same time, the possibility of applying financial, administrative and criminal liability for tax offenses is determined.
 Preventive and preventive influence is achieved by guaranteeing a balance between the legal possibilities and interests of taxpayers and the stability of the budget system, the competence of tax and other control bodies, and the possibility of satisfying the interests of the state and society in general. This is an important key to the functioning of the fiscal system. It is this balance that determines the content of restrictions on taxpayers in order to guarantee the state's performance of its main functions.

Особенности использования результатов оперативно-розыскной деятельности при разрешении хозяйственных споров как стратегическое направление противодействия теневой экономике

he growth of criminal activity in the shadow economy has led to the emergence of new criminal schemes, in which the use of pseudo-legitimate civil law instruments acts as a way to obtain criminal windfall profits. Most often this happens at the sites of arbitration courts, which use open, publicly available information in resolving economic disputes. Currently, there is an increase in applications to the courts by unscrupulous participants in civil law relations in order to give legal character to property obtained by criminal means. At the same time, the use of the results of operational-search activities in the arbitration process, in the event of identified or visible signs of illegality or nullity of such transactions, is virtually impossible, which acts as a serious and systemic legal gap. However, in accordance with Art. 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, as well as Art. 4 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation, as well as Art. 2 and 188.1 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, one of the key tasks is the prevention of offenses, including when considering civil cases. The resolution of the presented problem is seen in the introduction of amendments to the Federal Law “On operational-search activity”, the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the Instruction on the procedure for presenting the results of operational-search activity to the body of inquiry, investigator or court”, on the basis of which the courts considering economic disputes shall be granted the right to use the materials of operational-search activity in their professional activities.

Prevention of administrative offenses affecting public order and public security as a method of protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms

The quality and safety of life is one of the many goals of mankind throughout the world. Over time, the importance of security and its place in society is constantly growing. Guaranteed safety is a modern priority. Achieving a state of public safety is possible under the conditions of implementing a unified state policy aimed at combating and preventing torts. The article finds a connection between the prevention of administrative offenses that encroach on public order and public safety and the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms. Also, the conducted scientific research clarified the meaning of the concept of "prevention" in various spheres of human life, proposed the own interpretation of the prevention of (administrative) offenses, since there is no official confirmation at the legislative level. The importance of maintaining public order and a sense of security for each individual is emphasized. The connection between the prevention of offenses and the satisfaction of human needs, which are located according to psychological theory in Maslow's pyramid, was found. The central concepts of public order and public safety in the aspect of independent components in administrative- delict legislation were chosen as the object of scientific research, and the subject was the preventive range of actions in the field of maintaining an appropriate level of public order and security in the country. The goal is to carry out a comprehensive analysis and systematization of the leading trends in the prevention of offenses that encroach on public order and public safety in Ukraine.
 Public order is considered as a systematic complex of actions to ensure law and order in the aspect of maintaining the functioning of both the spectrum of rights and responsibilities of citizens, as well as the legal regulation of social relations on a permanent basis in general, public safety is interpreted as an indisputably necessary social state for which all the most important and vitally relevant public interests are protected from both natural and artificial sources of danger.

Prevention of Offences Committed by Convicted Prisoners of War: Problems of International Law, Penitentiary and Other Legal Regulation

The goal of the article is to prove the necessity of forming in Russia a legal basis for a complex correctional-preventive influence on convicted prisoners of war due to their higher danger, relevant professional skills, and specific individual characteristics. Focusing the attention of Russian lawmakers on the legal regulation of key means of correcting convicts (definition of the concept of correction, a list of its means and then only a partial description of the contents of some of them) does not result in the creation of an interconnected system aimed at the prevention of penitentiary crimes, malicious violations and other offences committed by convicts. Although the prevention of new offences by convicts is one of the goals of penitentiary legislation, the Penitentiary Code of the Russian Federation does not include the means of achieving it, and the preventive significance of various penological and inter-sectoral institutions used in the context of convicts correction and early release from serving a sentence is not sufficiently described and implemented. The authors conclude that there is no due legal regulation of the treatment of prisoners of war in Russian legislation, including the Federal Constitutional Law «On Martial Law» and the Penitentiary Code of the Russian Federation, and that it is necessary to take into consideration the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War to improve the effectiveness of preventing offences committed by convicted prisoners of war. A number of clauses of the abovementioned international document present interest for the improvement of penitentiary and other Russian legislation, including a prohibition of the repatriation of prisoners of war in cases of a self-inflicted injury, gaining access to spiritual help from a religious organization only if the prisoners behavior is lawful, a possibility of preliminary detention before the imposition of penalty, the use of other measures by the state agencies of the Detaining Power, and well as by other international and national public organizations when convicted prisoners of war are isolated through their internment.

Prevention of offenses by means of administrative law in the financial and economic sphere.

Prevention of offenses by means of administrative law in the financial and economic sphere.

Trusted Chief Executives in Convenient White-Collar Crime

Convenience exists in the financial motive, the organizational opportunity, and the personal willingness for deviant behavior. These three themes can result in 14 convenience propositions as presented in this article. In cases where an offender is detected, the offense can be examined by identifying relevant convenience issues in the structural model of crime convenience. Not all of the 14 issues will be relevant to create a narrative of one specific incident. In cases where prevention of offenses is the issue, then vulnerability review is appropriate for all 14 propositions. For example, domination of greed or extensive differential association can signal strong motivation or strong willingness for wrongdoing, while lack of oversight and guardianship can signal an invitation for wrongdoing.

Globalization, informatization and humanization of the educational sector

In this article, issues such as improving the quality of Education, facilitating and updating its content, creating conditions that promote the preservation of children's health, introduction of modern pedagogical technologies into the educational process are considered. Naturally, the solution of these issues requires teachers of a new type. Such educators will need to have in-depth psychological and pedagogical knowledge and understanding. In other areas, too, have been able to function freely, not only should students know the characteristics of their development, but also help them become independent, creative, self-confident people, the teacher should perceive the interests of the students, be attentive and presentable to them. Crime, prevention of offenses, other unpleasant phenomena should be considered as a necessary and natural function of school activities.

Criminal law policy of the EU in the sphere of ensuring the protection of economic activity

The author pays attention to the study of the main trends of the legislation of the European Union regarding the prevention of offenses in the field of economic activity in the context of their implementation in domestic legislation. It has been established that the protection of economic activity is recognized as one of the EU Legislative Priorities for 2022. The EU has declared a perspective to create an economy that works for the benefit of people. In this context, many EU acts have expressed the desire to fight money laundering, tax fraud, tax evasion and other forms of financial crime. The article analyzes the mechanisms of criminal law protection of economic activity operating in the EU

ОИЛА-турмуш МУНОСАБАТЛАРИДАги ҲУҚУҚБУЗАРЛИКЛАРнинг ПРОФИЛАКТИКАСИ

The scientific article focuses on the role of normative legal acts in family relations and the large-scale work carried out to implement the policy aimed at the prevention of offenses in Uzbekistan, which reflects its essence. The article analyzes the interaction of peace officers with the self-government bodies of citizens and their role in family relations. In particular, it deals with the work to improve the effectiveness of the prevention of offenses committed in the family. This article also considers the official duties of employees who perform profiling of offenses, and their powers. Specifically, the role and special powers of in family relations are considered as one of the elements of preventive work. It indicates the possibility of creating specialized units in the system of state bodies to prevent family offenses and in connection with the problem under consideration. This article reflects the views of several legal scholars on the prevention of offenses. In addition, there is a discussion about how family offense prevention is performed in developed countries.

КРИМИНОЛОГИЯ ФАНИНИНГ ДОЛЗАРБ ВАЗИФАЛАРИ

This article discusses the actual tasks of the subject of criminology. The article also notes that the prevention of offenses (crimes), the correction of the behavior of persons prone to committing a crime or the victim, identifying the causes of the commission of crimes, the conditions that allow this, and their elimination are important tasks of criminology.

Ҳуқуқбузарликлар профилактикаси ва ушбу фаолиятни мувофиқлаштириш

This article analyzes the activities of offence prevention, coordination of their activities, the role of law enforcement agencies in this area, early prevention of offences, timely detection and elimination of causes and conditions of offence, crime prevention, as well as the experience of foreign countries.

Цели гражданского процесса России и Франции: общее и особенное

In this article the author conducts a comparative study of the target attitudes of the civil procedure in Russia and France. We determine the hierarchy of target attitudes of the Russian civil law process. The article substantiates that strengthening the rule of law and law and order, prevention of offenses, the formation of a respectful attitude towards the law and the court are additional goals of civil proceedings, cannot be achieved separately from its main goal — the protection of violated rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of persons whose dispute is subject to consideration in court. We note the commonality of the main goal of the Russian civil and arbitration processes, as well as administrative proceedings. We reveal the implicitly fixed goals and objectives of civil proceedings in France. We make the conclusion about the similarity of the goals of the French justice in civil cases, hidden in the national law, and the goals of the Russian civil procedure directly enshrined in the law.

МЕТА ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ І ПРАВОПОРЯДКУ ЯК ВИДУ ПУБЛІЧНОГО АДМІНІСТРУВАННЯ

The article is devoted to defining the goals and features of ensuring public security and law and order as a type of public administration. The article establishes that the goal of public security and law and order is to strengthen and maintain a safe environment, a high level of legal culture of participants in public relations and reduce the risks of harm and danger to their rights and obligations, interests and needs. The level of development of the legal support of public security and law and order is characterized as insufficient. Arguments are given that the most important component of ensuring public safety and law and order (prevention of offenses) has not been reflected at the legal level. The author found that an indefinite wide range of persons were named as subjects of the prevention of administrative offenses, but the scope of competence of each of them and the minimum systemic nature of their activities are absent. Arguments are given that the main achievements in ensuring public security and law and order are: a) specifying the scope of responsibility of officials and officials in their professional activities, which contain elements of coercion; b) legalization of the participation of civil society in ensuring public security and law and order in the Law of Ukraine "On National Resistance"; c) reducing the formalization of elections to public councils under law enforcement and other state bodies. It is concluded that the main shortcomings of the administrative-legal regulation of ensuring public security and law and order are: a) the lack of a unified law enforcement policy, lack of coordination, leading to competition and rivalry between different law enforcement agencies; b) the lack of a well-thought-out personnel policy for recruiting positions in law enforcement agencies, isolated cases of nepotism, leading to the occupation of senior positions, giving access to state secrets, by citizens of the aggressor state, previously convicted etc.; c) the uneven remuneration of law enforcement personnel, in which the difference between the wages of the head and his subordinates creates conditions for significant social stratification, which creates an imbalance in the moral climate in the units; d) the lack of a valid nationwide concept of crime prevention, which leads to a discrepancy between the efforts of subjects of law enforcement.

АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ КРИМІНАЛІСТИЧНОЇ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ..., ПОВ’ЯЗАНИХ ІЗ ФАЛЬСИФІКАЦІЄЮ КОВІД-ДОКУМЕНТАЦІЇ

The scientific work draws attention to the correlations of the forensic characteristics of offenses based on the facts of forged covid-documents and their use during pre-trial investigation. In particular, such meaningful elements as: the identity of the criminal, the identity of the victim, the subject of the criminal offense, the circumstances of the crime, the methods of the crime and the trail picture are highlighted. The purpose of this article is to study current issues of forensic characterization of offenses related to the falsification of covid documentation. The methods of committing offenses are analyzed, the most typical of them are indicated, in particular, which consist in directly entering false information into the electronic database and issuing certificates and certificates to persons who do not have the right to receive them due to failure to undergo manipulations. And those that require careful preparation (purchase of technical equipment for the production of falsified documents, samples of real forms, seals, creation of programs imitating the work of «Action», searching for clients). The identity of the criminal is highlighted through a set of data on the subject’s socio-demographic, psychophysical, psychological, biological and other characteristics, his industrial, domestic, socio-legal characteristics. It is noted that the identity of the criminal is represented not only by medical personnel, managers of health care institutions me, but also by citizens who work in hospitals in non-medical positions or are not related to the medical field, and act through the Internet independently or in collusion with doctors, nurses, etc. It is emphasized that, in most cases, illegal actions are committed in complicity – by a group of persons with a prior conspiracy or an organized group. It has been proven that the forensic investigation of the identity of the criminal in criminal proceedings related to the falsification of covid documentation determines other elements of forensic characteristics (method, place, time) and should be taken into account for the detection and prevention of offenses. The trace pattern of the investigated offenses was investigated through the coverage of material, virtual and imaginary traces. The peculiarities of the situation of the offense and the subject of the criminal offense were considered. All mentioned achievements are confirmed by statistical data and practical examples.

ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ТА ОХОРОНИ

Investment activity is the object of research in various branches of legal sciences. The article offers a view of investment activity from the standpoint of the new doctrine of administrative law as an object of public governance and state protection. The purpose of the article is to study the essence of investment activity from the point of view of the new doctrine of administrative law from the standpoint of public governance. The article proposes a consensus approach to public administration and a view on investment activity from the standpoint of public interests. The author believes that in matters of investment activities, the role of state administration is not simply to attract the maximum amount of funds to the state, but to lose public interests in such a way that the involved investments and investment projects do not bring harm to society. The author considers investments by citizens (members of society) to be the most vulnerable area, because if professional investors have knowledge, experience, qualified employees in investment activities and can independently protect their rights, then citizens do not. To the elements of the mechanism for the protection of public relations in the field of investment activity, citizens are offered to include a set of measures for the prevention and prevention of offenses in the field of investment activity of citizens, as well as regulation and response to the commission of offenses, including prosecution.

Охорона публічної безпеки та боротьба з правопорушеннями у Чернівецькій, Сучавській та Хотинській волостях Молдавської землі і Хотинській райї Османської імперії

The article focuses on the understudied problem of public security and prevention of offenses in the territory between the Upper Siret, the Middle Dniester and Suceava, which from the middle of the 14th to the last quarter of the 18th century was part of Moldova and formed Tsetsin (from the middle of the 15th century Chernivtsi), Suceava and Khotyn volosts of Moldova, mainly inhabited by Orthodox Rusins and VLakhs. Having analysed written sources and scholarly literature, the author states that throughout the entire Moldavian rule in Chernivtsi (until the middle of the 15th century in Tsetsin), Suceava and Khotin volosts (tinut) there were no special police agencies in the modern sense. Until the last quarter of the 18th century, public security was ensured by Moldovan officials, curteni and various categories of service people - slujitors. Ensuring law and order and fighting against robbery on the border was assigned, mainly, to the elders-pircalabs, who in the 18th century began to be called ispravniki.They were assisted by volost elders (okolashi), vetavs of the cities, great border captains, aghas, colonels, armashes, aprods and their subordinate curteni and tinut slujitors (calarasi, arnauts, byrans, guards, armored warriors, dorobanii), as well as hired beshlis. The law and order in rural communities was maintained by dvornikis and vatamans (village elder). After the accession of the Khotyn region to the Ottoman Empire, the public security in this new Turkish raiyah was entrusted to the Janissaries of the Khotyn garrison; the commanders of the Ottoman military units - alai beys - were responsible for order in the villages of the Khotin nahiye.

Prevention of offenses by police officers against juvenile offenders

Prevention of offenses by police officers against juvenile offenders

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ И ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ ОПЫТ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ДОРОЖНО-ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ПРОИСШЕСТВИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СИСТЕМ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ФИКСАЦИИ ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЙ

Ensuring road safety is a complex and multifaceted problem. Therefore, measures to prevent road accidents (hereinafter referred to as road accidents) should be comprehensive. Accident prevention activities directly affect their dynamics. Since the line between them lies in the sphere of consequences, and violations can be and often are completely identical, preventive work aimed at preventing road accidents can be generally qualitatively homogeneous. Organizational support of preventive measures is the content of road accident prevention and it is in their implementation that the specific features of this type of prevention as an independent subsystem of social prevention are revealed. The core of the prevention system is the development and implementation of a set of preventive measures. Prevention of offenses is determined by the general goal of social prevention — to prevent offenses, to prevent antisocial behavior, and is carried out at the same levels, in the same forms and by the same means, taking into account the delicacy. In this area, it is impossible to do without the achievements of technological progress. In all EU member states, without exception, technical means of ensuring road safety have become widely used.

К вопросу об осуществлении органами прокуратуры Российской Федерации профилактической функции

The article examines the normative legal acts on the implementation of the preventive function by the prosecution bodies of the Russian Federation. The correctness of the definition of the preventive function of the prosecution bodies given in Article 9 of Federal Law No. 182-FZ of 23 June 2016, “On the Foundations of the System for the Prevention of Offences in the Russian Federation”, is critically assessed. The need to clarify the content of the preventive function of the prosecutor's office by introducing amendments to a number of existing normative legal acts of the Russian Federation is substantiated. The author notes that the current Russian legislation, scientific community, and law enforcement practice are still uncertain about what the implementation of the preventive function by the prosecution bodies of the Russian Federation means. The author analyzes the norms of Articles 5 and 9 of Federal Law No. 182-FZ. She infers that, at present, based on the existing norms, it is impossible to make an unambiguous conclusion about how the prosecution bodies carry out the preventive function. On the one hand, it can be argued that the analyzed law provides for the implementation of an independent preventive function by the prosecutor's office within the framework of prosecutor's supervision over the implementation of laws. On the other hand, it would be appropriate to suggest that the legislator equates the supervisory function of the prosecutor's office with the preventive one. Federal Law No. 2202-1 of 17 January 1992 (as amended), “On the Prosecutor's Office in the Russian Federation”, does not clarify this issue; it gives two main functions of the Prosecutor's Office: supervision and criminal prosecution, leaving the list of possible functions open. This law does not specifically disclose the preventive function of the prosecutor's office. The function is deducible from the norms of Section III (Prosecutor's Supervision), Article 8 (Coordination of Activities to Combat Crime), and Article 9.1 (Conducting AntiCorruption Expert Examination of Regulatory Legal Acts). The author notes that, given the existing uncertainty in laws, there are also different points of view on this issue in science. The author believes that the prosecution bodies are still not endowed with the competence for the prevention of offenses; therefore, they cannot perform the preventive function in its traditional sense. According to the current Russian legislation, the bodies of the prosecutor's office supervise the implementation of laws on the prevention of offenses. The current legislation has norms that contradict each other and norms with an indefinite meaning, which continues to raise numerous questions from theorists and practitioners, does not contribute to the uniformity and effectiveness of law enforcement practice. In this regard, the author proposes: (1) to clarify the powers of the prosecution bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of crime prevention, separating the supervisory function from the preventive one, in Article 9 of Federal Law No. 182-FZ on the Foundations of the System for the Prevention of Offences in the Russian Federation. The author believes that the supervisory functions are fully regulated by the Federal Law on the Prosecutor's Office in the Russian Federation; therefore, there is no need to duplicate these functions in Federal Law No. 182-FZ; (2) to provide specific preventive powers of officials of the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation in Federal Law No. 182-FZ. For example, instructing and informing in the domain of law (Article 17 of Federal Law No. 182-FZ) are not classified as forms of preventive influence of officials of the prosecutor's office, although the prosecutor's office has always carried out these activities; (3) to provide for the implementation of the preventive function by the prosecutor in the texts of Federal Law No. 2202-1 on the Prosecutor's Office in the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 182-FZ on the Foundations of the System for the Prevention of Offences in the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 120-FZ on the Foundations of the System for the Prevention of Juvenile Neglect and Delinquency of 24 June 1999, and other preventive regulatory legal acts. The function should be specified through describing its content: instructing and informing in the legal domain, as well as coordinating and anti-corruption expert work.

The Institution of Conditional Early Release from Serving a Sentence in the Criminal Legislation of Russia and Foreign Countries

Introduction. Conditional early release from serving a prison sentence (hereinafter referred to as parole) refers to the important means of positively stimulating the correction of convicts and contributes to the prevention of offences and crimes – recidivism – in place of the deprivation of liberty. The article examines the domestic and foreign experience of the legal regulation of the institute of parole in order to optimise domestic criminal and penal enforcement legislation, taking into account foreign experiences. Proposals for improving the effectiveness of the use of the parole mechanism in law enforcement practice are suggested as a result of the grounds and conditions for the use of the incentive institution of parole in some countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (hereinafter referred to as the CIS), as well as in England, Germany, China, etc. Particular attention is paid to the problem of parole in relation to those subject to life imprisonment. Based on the study of the experience of developed foreign countries, proposals for improving this institution are made, including the adjustment of the mechanism of parole in relation to life sentences to imprisonment in Russia. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The theoretical basis of the research was Russian and foreign scientific works in the field of criminal and penal enforcement law. In particular, texts devoted to both the application of parole in general and the specifics of the application of this institution in relation to life-deprived of liberty were employed. The use of the formal legal method of research allowed the identification of the patterns of judicial practice on the use of parole in relation to those sentenced to imprisonment, and the use of the comparative legal method allowed the identification of ways to improve the institution of parole, taking into account foreign experience. Results. The article reveals the most significant problems of legal regulation of the use of parole in relation to those sentenced to imprisonment. The article analyses individual amendments and additions made to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the Penal Enforcement Code of the Russian Federation, the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 21.04.2009 No. 8 (“On judicial practice of conditional early release from serving a sentence, replacement of the unserved part of the punishment with a milder type of punishment”). There is an outline of the main directions for further improvement of the institution of parole in relation to convicts. Discussion and Conclusion. Although the application of the norms of the institute of parole stimulate the law-abiding behaviour of those sentenced to imprisonment, this institution is not applied by the courts to those sentenced to life imprisonment. The author proposes to change the mechanism of parole in relation to life convicts in Russia. Specifically, the proposal is the possibility of transferring positively characterised convicts of this category after serving an appropriate term in a correctional colony (hereinafter referred to as an IC) of a “special regime” to a “strict regime” IC, and then after three years – from a “strict regime” IC to a “colony-settlement”. Conditional early release from serving such a life sentence should be applied only to those persons who were transferred to a “colony-settlement” and served at least two years of imprisonment there. Further, it is proposed to reduce the mandatory term of serving a sentence before consideration of parole in relation to those sentenced to life imprisonment from 25 to 20 years. In order to reduce recidivism among those sentenced to punishments not related to complete deprivation of liberty (as well as reducing their numbers), using the experience of legal regulation of parole in some CIS countries, a proposal is to provide for the possibility of parole in relation to those sentenced to such punishments by the application of correctional labour and restriction of liberty.