Prevention Of Addictive Behavior Research Articles

A Review of the Prevention of Drug Addiction: Specific Interventions, Effectiveness, and Important Topics.

This study was a narrative review on prevention of addictive behaviors with an effort to clarify the major concepts of prevention and its dimensions. The PsycInfo and MedInfo databases were used to identify prevention. Α total of 65 articles were found 46 of which were included in the review. Τhe data were analyzed using content analysis. For a better understanding of the results, it was deemed advisable to categorize them into: (a) the types of major interventions and the theoretical approaches on which they were based, (b) the results of the review articles according to (1) variables and factors concerning the prevention proved important through the review and (2) a number of more general important topics which arose in the prevention of addictive behaviors. The results highlighted the greater effectiveness of community-based programs, applied primarily in broader contexts but also secondarily in high-risk groups. Τhe results were discussed based on the combination of the emerged factors with each other and prevention experience.

Система ранней диагностики и профилактики употребления психоактивных веществ среди подростков и молодёжи

The purpose of the study is to determine the pedagogical conditions for preparing future teachers for the diagnosis of substance use among adolescents and young people and for preventive work. The article presents the author's understanding of "prevention", modern approaches to the prevention of the use of psychoactive substances, levels and directions; technologies of preventive work with young people, including the specifics of working with adolescents, high school students and students, the basics of working with a risk group. As a result, the structure and algorithm of the prevention of addictive behavior, as well as the criteria for the effectiveness of preventive work are revealed.

Assessing the Acceptability and Feasibility of a Web-Based Screening for Psychoactive Substance Users Among a French Sample of University Students and Workers: Mixed Methods Prospective Study.

BackgroundEarly detection in the prevention of addictive behaviors remains a complex question in practice for most first-line health care workers (HCWs). Several prevention measures have successfully included a screening stage followed by a brief intervention in case of risk-related use or referral to an addiction center for problematic use. Whereas early detection is highly recommended by the World Health Organization, it is not usually performed in practice.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a web-based app, called Pulsio Santé, for health service users and first-line prevention HCW and to carry out an exhaustive process of early detection of psychoactive substance use behaviors.MethodsA mixed methods prospective study was conducted in 2 departments: HCWs from the regional occupational health department and from the university department of preventive medicine dedicated to students were invited to participate. Participants 18 years or older who had been seen in 2017 by a HCW from one of the departments were eligible. The study procedure comprised 5 phases: (1) inclusion of the participants after a face-to-face consultation with an HCW; (2) reception of a text message by participants on their smartphone or by email; (3) self-assessment by participants regarding their substance use with the Pulsio Santé app; (4) if participants agreed, transfer of the results to the HCW; and (5) if participants declined, a message to invite them to get in touch with their general practitioner should the assessment detect a risk. Several feasibility and acceptability criteria were assessed by an analysis of a focus group with the HCW that explored 4 themes (usefulness and advantages, problems and limitations, possible improvements, and finally, integration into routine practice).ResultsA total of 1474 people were asked to participate, with 42 HCWs being involved. The percentage of people who agreed to receive a text message or an email, which was considered as the first level of acceptability, was 79.17% (1167/1474). The percentage of participants who clicked on the self-assessment link, considered as the second level of acceptability, was 60.24% (703/1167). The percentage of participants who completed their self-evaluation entirely, which was considered as the first level of feasibility, was 76.24% (536/703). The percentage of participants who shared the results of their evaluation with the HCWs, considered as the second level of feasibility, was 79.48% (426/536). The qualitative study showed that there were obstacles on the side of HCWs in carrying out the recommended interventions for people at risk based on their online screening, such as previous training or adaptations in accordance with specific populations.ConclusionsQuantitative results showed good acceptability and feasibility of the Pulsio Santé app by users and HCWs. There is a need for further studies more directly focused on the limitations highlighted by the qualitative results.

Internet addiction as a manifestation of modern maladaptive behavior

At the present stage of psychiatry development, proportion of maladaptive states and behavioral disorders is growing rapidly. Its problems relate to the section of psychiatry – "addiction psychiatry", systematically studies the forms, types, pathogenesis, therapy and prevention of addictive behavior, as well as the rehabilitation of addictive patients. The combination of maladaptive states with non-chemical addictions reveals many uncertain questions about the prevalence and structure of addictive disorders in adjustment disorders, algorithms for diagnostics, therapy and prevention, which necessitates research in this area. To achieve our aim a comprehensive survey 105 patients with maladaptive states in the structure of Internet addiction (addictive variant of maladaptation) were examined. Taking into account purpose of the study, medical psychological, clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostics and statistical methods were used in the research. During the study phenomenology of structural components of pathological desire to stay on the Internet was revealed: the ideational component was manifested by obsessive fantasizing about staying online, illusion of online time control, anticipation of being able to be online, personification of computer attributes, reduction of criticism: behavioral component was in conflicts, deviation from responsibilities and assignments, imitation of activity; emotional component was manifested by anxious-depressive symptoms during offline, incontinence of emotions, irritability. The key role in pathopsychological mechanisms of Internet addiction in the structure of maladaptive states belongs to the deactualization of basic personality needs, existence of an existential vacuum which leads to the formation of Internet addictive behavior, which allows to escape to the virtual world of formalized relationships. Keywords: dependence, non-chemical addiction, adjustment disorders, maladaptive states, maladaptive behavior.

Structure of readiness of pedagogical university students for prevention of addictive behavior

The spread of addictive behavior among minors continues to be a dangerous trend about children and young people. Therefore, one of the most important areas of pedagogical activity is the prevention of addictions in educational organizations, as well as the training of pedagogical university students for being able to prevent addictions in children and adolescents. The study considers the structure of pedagogical university students’ readiness for the prevention of addictions in the educational environment, relying on a competence-based approach. We have proposed a characteristic of the model for assessing the competence of future teachers in the prevention of addictive behavior in children and young people. We considered the content of the training of future teachers for the prevention of addictive behavior based on the study of preventive pedagogy, and analyzed the main approaches to the prevention of addictive behavior in the educational environment. We presented the results of an experimental study and revealed the effectiveness of the training of pedagogical university students for preventive activities with adolescents.

The role of organization of care in GPs' prevention practice.

General practitioners (GPs) do not systematically include preventive recommendations in their practice, and some characteristics of health care organization are associated with more systematic prevention. But the characteristics of health care organization may act in a nonuniform manner depending on the type of preventive care. Thus, one characteristic can be positively associated with one type of preventive care and negatively associated with another. Our aim was to investigate the association between health care organization in general practice and different areas of preventive care (immunization and addiction prevention), in search of nonuniform associations. We used a representative survey of 1,813 French GPs conducted in 2009. Four preventive care practices were studied: immunization through flu and HPV vaccination, and prevention of addictive behaviors concerning tobacco and alcohol use.Characteristics of GPs' health care organization and the social context of their practice were collected (spatial accessibility to GPs and socioeconomic level of the area of practice). We constructed mixed models to study associations and interactions between the organization variables and preventive care. Four out of five characteristics of GPs' organization have uneven impacts on different types of preventive care (p-interaction < 10-4). For example, number of daily consultations is associated with better immunization prevention but with poorer prevention counseling in addictive behaviors. In contrast, working with digital medical files is uniformly associated with both types of preventive care (OR = 1.29 [1.15-1.45]; P < 10-4). An approach centered on specific types of preventive care should help deepen our understanding of prevention and possibly help to identify a new typology for preventive care.

To the problem of excessive alcohol consumption in Russian families

The article is devoted to the analysis of alcoholism in Russian families. The author gives a brief excurse into the history of alcohol consumption, dispels the myth that the Russian people never controlled consumption of alcoholic beverages. The work, relying on the latest statistics, demonstrated that despite the emerging positive trends in this area, the level of alcohol consumption (especially strong alcohol) in Russia is still very high and significantly exceeds the conditionally safe norm indicated by the WHO experts. It negatively affects the life expectancy of the Russian population, especially among men of working age. However, if previously alcoholism was predominantly masculine, today this type of addiction is becoming gender-neutral and women drink on a par with men, which will inevitably lead to an increase in mortality from alcohol-related causes among them.Particular attention is paid to the problems of families facing the problem of alcoholism among one or several of their members. It is emphasized that children are the most vulnerable in this situation because of their dependence on adults — they are not able to change the situation and are forced to live in constant conflict, stress and ill-treatment. The author notes that the violence to which not only children, but also other family members are subjected to in alcoholic families, is far from rare and extremely dangerous.The paper addresses the issue of the influence of alcoholism of adult family members on children's health. Children of dependent parents are often born sick and lag behind in physical and mental development. This is further aggravated by upbringing in an atmosphere of alcoholism, which leads to the fact that the younger generation perceives excessive alcohol consumption as the norm, adopts the habits of parents and also become dependent. Children of drinking parents also experience many complexities of a personal and interpersonal nature and are prone to auto-aggressive behavior.In conclusion, the author addresses the problem of social orphanhood arising from alcohol abuse by parents, as well as its consequences.The empirical part of the work is based on data from the World Health Organization, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Public Opinion Foundation and the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion.The article will be of interest to specialists in the field of sociology of family and health, prevention of addictive behavior, rehabilitation of people with addictions, and students of relevant specialties.

Epidemiologic Approach of Alcoholic Drinks in Cameroon

Introduction and objective: This work aimed to evaluate the preference and effective consumption of the populations of Cameroon as looks alcoholic beverages sell on the Cameroon. Methods: This epidemiological study related to 7946 adult subjects including 6,908 men and 1,038 women, who were left again in four groups: alcoholics (n=307), the city-dwellers (n=4.313), the rural ones (n=867) and students (n=2459). Results: The results of this investigation indicate that the artisanal alcoholic beverages are preferred than consumed; conversely, the industrial alcoholic beverages are preferred than consumed. The beer remains the alcoholic most appreciated and the most consummate drink. A significant result is that the alcohol consumption is higher at the man compared to the women; however, these last have relatively high alcohol consumption. Also, the rural ones have the greatest rate of alcohol consumption (primarily the beer). The city dwellers and the students have the same tendencies to prefer and consume more beer. Conclusion: With regard to the particular case of beer, we observe that his consumption lowered, certainly because of new industrial liquor conditioning, on the market. However, beer remains the alcoholic beverage more consumed by the chronic alcoholics. Recommendations and perspectives: Studies need to be systematically Nationally undertaken in order to surveys on the consumption of beverages artisanal alcoholics sold in Cameroon, to study the chemical composition of these different craft beverages and to assess the acute and chronic effects of their consumption on functioning brains. In the meantime, information campaigns need to take into account amounts of alcohol to be consumed and drinking habits in the different parts of the country because, although alcohol often has connotations pleasure and sociability, its harmful consequences are very diverse. Help identify the various problems associated with certain artisanal manufactures information campaigns must take into account problems of commodities, such as tobacco use, psychotropic products, opiates and derivatives, for the prevention of addictive behaviors to alcohol.

Организация работы по профилактике аддиктивного поведения у детей и подростков

Организация работы по профилактике аддиктивного поведения у детей и подростков

СОЦІАЛЬНА РЕКЛАМА ЯК ЗАСІБ ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ АДИКТИВНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ ОСІБ ЮНАЦЬКОГО ВІКУ

У статті розкрито сутність поняття “соціальна реклама”, розглянуто її види та механізми впливу на психіку людини. Проаналізовано ефективність та особливості застосування раціональної та емоційної соціальної реклами у профілактиці адиктивної поведінки в юнацькому віці. Подано результати емпіричного дослідження особливостей впливу соціальної реклами. Сформульовано практичні реко­мендації для створення соціальної реклами. Окреслено перспективи подальших досліджень.

Effectiveness of School-based Health Center Delivery of a Cognitive Skills Building Intervention in Young, Rural Adolescents: Potential Applications for Addiction and Mood

PurposeUniquely positioned, school nurses address two of the most critical adolescent health issues – addiction and mood. Cognitive behavioral therapy, the mainstay in management of adolescent mood disorders, demonstrates promise in the treatment and prevention of addictive behaviors. Quality decision-making may protect adolescents from substance abuse. Executive function, a neurocognitive aspect of decision-making, involves impulse control, future thinking, and behavioral regulation. Further, the continuum of addition implicates executive function, which makes executive function a viable target for prevention and treatment of substance use. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a nurse-led cognitive skills training intervention, Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment, on executive function and mood in a novel population and setting. Design and methodsThe study sample included adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 15 years and enrolled in a rural school-based health center. Fifteen (n = 15) adolescents completed the seven-week cognitive skills building intervention led by a nurse practitioner. Researchers measured executive function, anxiety, and depression at: baseline, after the intervention series, and three-months later. ResultsOne domain of executive function – behavioral regulation – improved, as did anxiety. Depression showed short-term improvement. Metacognition did not change over time. ConclusionsPreliminary results indicate that cognitive skills building delivered by school nurses may enhance aspects of executive function linked with addiction and coping, such as behavioral regulation. Further, this intervention may also improve mood in this population. Practice implicationsDelivery of cognitive skills training by school nurses could be an accessible, effective piece in addressing addiction and mood in young, rural adolescents.

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR

Статья посвящена актуальным проблемам здоровьесбережения и возникновения различных форм зависимого поведения. Представлена обоснованная значимость профилактической образовательной деятельности и ее мультидисциплинарности. Автором исследованы особенности адаптации обучающихся не только под влиянием внешних воздействий, но и с учетом индивидуальных функциональных резервов, текущего функционального состояния, особенностей возрастного развития, наследственных факторов. В статье приводятся основные педагогические подходы и методический инструментарий в преподавании курса «Профилактика зависимого поведения» в Красноярском государственном аграрном университете. Цель. Основной целью статьи является теоретический анализ основных аспектов аддиктивного поведения, интерпретация полученных экспериментальных данных психофизиологического обследования обучающихся начальных курсов высшей школы как возможных предикторов возникновения аддикций. Методы или методология проведения работы. Работа выполнена с применением теоретического анализа литературных данных. Экспериментальные лабораторные исследования проводились с использованием устройства психофизиологического тестирования (УПФТ) «Психофизиолог», который предназначен для автономного проведения индивидуального тестирования с обработкой данных в самом устройстве. Вербальная интерпретация осуществлялась на основе автоматизированных заключений психофизиологического устройства. В сценарий УПФТ «Психофизиолог» были включены психофизиологические и психологические методики исследования адаптивных возможностей организма, уровня ситуативной и личностной тревожности по Спилбергеру-Ханину, самооценки собственного состояния «Самочувствие-Активность-Настроение», разработанный научным производственно-конструкторским объединением «Медиком МТД» [17]. Проведенные исследования подкреплены оценкой функционального состояния по ритму сердца на основе вариационной кардиоинтервалометрии и характеристикой функционального состояния центральной нервной системы по параметрам простой зрительно-моторной реакции [18]. Результаты. Результаты проведенных исследований подтверждают важность изучения состояния здоровья обучающихся на начальном этапе, своевременное выявление неблагоприятных сдвигов на психоэмоциональном и психофизиологическом уровне, проведение необходимых защитных мероприятий, включая оздоровление и профилактику. Обобщенный результат профилактического образовательного процесса высшей школы в целом – это успешное становление и развитие гармоничной, компетентной личности будущего специалиста. Область применения результатов. Научно-педагогическая и социальная деятельность.

Системный анализ личностных и характерологических особенностей подростков, склонных к формированию зависимого поведения

This article presents the analysis of personal and characterologic traits of the teenagers, inclined to the formation of addictive behavior, as well as the stereotypes of behavior typical for this age group. The authors compared the results of diagnostic tools for the identification of dependent personality traits, and amounted to a personality profile and identified the structural components that are typical for this group of subjects. They identified accentuation of their character, indicated the possible causes of their addictions and their mechanisms provoking. The authors described the theoretical constructs of domestic and foreign authors, which formed the basis of the study. The practical results of this research can be used not only for diagnosis of dependent behavior, and serve as the basis of programmes for primary and secondary prevention of addictive behavior, as well as corrective and therapeutic interventions. Their implementation is possible in the framework of group and individual lessons, training programs, consultations and discussions with adolescents and their parents on the organization, forms and methods of daily life of a teenager to reinforce and improve adaptation and reserve capacity of the organism, to ensure the successful implementation of social and educational functions.

Need to Change the Optics in the Prevention of Addictive Behaviors. The Role of Local Communities in Prevention of Smoking

Abstract The study has a comprehensive background provided by the joint research of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tg. Mures and Davidson College, USA, which contains previous results. Our data draws attention to the fact that attitudes toward psycho-active drugs need to be assessed in relation to the characteristics of the local community to which the person belongs. Similarly, prevention activities should consider the cultural features of the target group. We will use the PRECEDE model to design the community prevention model. We explored motivational elements, expressed by symbol, that determine the attitudes toward smoking through deeper psychological structures. We used a questionnaire and a projective method and the collected data were subjected to symbol analysis. As a result, we gathered answers about the orientation of the needs, desires, and motivations of the interviewees, as well as the internal models and motivations leading their behavior. Based on the obtained data, we performed an analysis using the PERCEDE model, which helped us identify the needs of teenagers from different social environments and of various ethnicities. This analysis was followed by a strategic plan for community intervention. Our ultimate goal was to promote health within the community, with the desire to prevent tobacco use. All activities provided by us are intended to raise the quality of life among adolescents. We can recommend that the differences in cultural features of the target group should be respected during prevention by mobilising community resources which are rooted in shared desires, fears, daily practices, rituals, and values.