Prevention Of Emergency Situations Research Articles

Symmetry in Aerosol Mechanics: Review

The present review is concerned with the motion of aerosol particles, including that under the exposure to external fields, with special focus being put on the problems related to the similarity theory and invariants that manifest themselves as symmetry in physics. Research on the mechanics of aerosols is extremely important for managing environmental practices. Ultrasonic and electrostatic effects are used in technological processes for cleaning industrial aerosol emissions. In addition, aerosol systems are commonly used to prevent emergency situations (fire extinguishing, fog deposition). Understanding these processes requires knowledge of aerosol mechanics. At the same time, fundamental laws of particulate matter behavior have not been established until now, especially in the presence of external fields. In this paper, we consider the main similarity criteria that are applied for aerosol description. The motion of aerosol particles in the gravitational, electric, and ultrasonic fields is described. The results from studies into acoustic and electrostatic aerosol coagulations are presented herein.

Development of a method for producing effective CdS/CdTe/Cu/Au solar elements on a flexible substrate designed for backup supplying systems prevention of emergency situations

The technology of forming film solar cells based on CdS / CdTe configuration of the "superstrat" type on a flexible substrate has been improved. To increase the efficiency of the developed solar cells on a flexible substrate, a chemical etching procedure in a nitrogen-phosphorus mixture was added to the traditional "chemical treatment". The conducted studies of the output parameters of the developed device structures showed that the highest values are observed in the case of chemical etching, both before the "chloride treatment" and after it. In the course of the study, it was found that a mandatory procedure in the formation of effective device structures is chemical etching in a nitrogen-phosphorus mixture both before the "chloride treatment" and after it. Carrying out the described procedures made it possible to obtain solar cells on a flexible substrate with an efficiency of 13.1 %. The increase in the efficiency of solar cells with two-stage chemical etching can be explained by the formation of excess tellurium on the surface, which leads to a decrease in resistance and, therefore, to a more efficient penetration of chlorine during the subsequent chloride treatment. Analysis of the transverse cleavage of the investigated device structures demonstrates significant grain growth and surface smoothness of the base layer, which ensures good adhesion with back contact. A study of the degradation resistance of the developed device structures during operation has been carried out. It was found that the obtained solar cells based on CdTe on a flexible substrate have a high degradation resistance and after 10 bending cycles there is no decrease in the output parameters. Thus, it has been established that chemical etching in a nitrogen-phosphorus mixture is a mandatory procedure for the formation of efficient solar cells on a flexible substrate.

Анализ проблем механических редукторов транспортных систем и их решение с помощью магнитного датчика

Objective: Increasing reliability of mechanical gearboxes using a magnetic sensor, which will sig nifi cantly increase the reliability of transport mechanisms and systems in general. Methods: An analysis of incidents covered in the media was carried out. Results: Conclusions are drawn about the consequences of failure of mechanical gearboxes. To prevent emergency situations caused by a breakdown of a mechanical gearbox, it is proposed to use a magnetic sensor, which allows carrying out analysis and diagnostics of the gearbox and its components during operation. A mathematical model of a magnetic sensor is compiled and a block diagram of a device for processing the output signal of the sensor modulator is presented. Practical importance: Failure of a mechanical gearbox is a common problem that leads to a stop of transport mechanisms and systems. Detection of a mechanical gearbox malfunction can signifi cantly reduce the cost of repairs, as well as prevent unexpected damage to the mechanism, which can lead to a complete stop of the transport system. The use of a magnetic sensor in the traction gearbox of an electric train will reduce the likelihood of a traction gearbox breakdown during operation and reduce the cost of repairs, increase the reliability of the traction drive, and also simplify the commissioning of new electric trains and traction gearboxes.

Monitoring condition of hydrotechnical structures

Monitoring condition of hydrotechnical structures conducted to ensure the management of the rational and safe operation of the waterworks. Based on the results of regular interconnected control observations of the state of the GTS, a database of observations is compiled. On its basis, analysis and evaluation of the forecast of the development of negative processes at the facility and development of recommendations for their overcoming and elimination of identified violations are carried out; prevention of emergency situations; creation of conditions for safe operation. Monitoring safety GTS carried out on the example of hydrotechnical structures of the blocking regulatory structure of the Aleksandrovogai reservoir in the Saratov region. The main quantitative and qualitative indicators and their criteria values are given. It is recommended that during operation, visual observations be carried out daily, instrumental observations - at least 1 time in 3 years, in addition to this, at least once every two weeks to inspect the hydraulic structures with the results recorded in the appropriate journal. Systematic visual observations should be supplemented by pre-flood and post-flood inspections of structures, as well as unscheduled inspections carried out after extreme events accompanied by damage to structures. Particular attention should be paid to observing the filtration regime in the body and base of the dam, the state of fastening of the inlet and outlet heads, closures and pipelines of the outlet structure.

Development of organizational and technical methods for predicting emergency situations and possible losses as their results

Emergency prevention is based on analysis, forecasting and early response to emergencies. A systematic approach to solving the problem of preventing emergencies envisages forecasting emergencies by type, level and possible losses caused as a their results both in the state as a whole and in its regions. To implement a systematic approach based on a formalized mathematical model, an organizational and technical method has been developed for predicting emergencies and possible losses caused as their results.
 The method is a combination of a variable order polynomial regression method, a weighted least squares method, and a probabilistic statistical method. This allows to compensate for the shortcomings of some at the expense of others, which will lead to an increase in forecasting accuracy.
 A control algorithm has been developed for the implementation of an organizational and technical method for predicting emergency situations and possible losses caused as their results. Its use involves the implementation of a number of interrelated procedures. At the first stage, the collection, processing and analysis of information on emergency situations in the country for a certain period of monitoring is carried out. This is the basis for predicting the processes of emergencies in general, in nature, level and types, as well as losses due to them both in the state and its regions. The information received is taken into account when forming a decision on the actions of civil protection units in order to adequately respond to emergency situations and eliminate their consequences. Based on the analysis of the effectiveness of the actions of the response units, the decisions on the elimination of emergency situations are adjusted.
 The developed method makes it possible to reasonably approach the planning and implementation of organizational and technical measures to prevent emergency situations, taking into account the potential threats to the territories and population of the country's regions

An optimal probabilistic spinning reserve quantification scheme considering frequency dynamic response in smart power environment

These frequency responses in tandem with spinning reserve are a prominent problem in the future smart grid environment due to the increase of non-dispatchable energy sources. However, this new environment allows incorporating new technologies, that is, distributed energy resource (DER), energy storage systems (ESSs), and shiftable loads, to prevent emergency situations and blackouts. This paper proposes a novel, energy reserve operational scheduling method for future smart grid frequency enhancement considering wind generation, ESSs, thermal generating units, shiftable loads, and power system frequency response characteristics. The proposed method divides the reserve into two different parts, that is, active power reserve, which is responsible for smoothing the frequency fluctuations due to load variations and the second part is essential to control the frequency after large disturbances. The spinning reserve required for safe operation of the power system is determined based on a reliability criterion, that is, total expected energy not supplied (TEENS). The proposed method aims to maintain the frequency response in a stable mode by incorporating active power reserve from both generation and demand-sides. IEEE 30-bus and RTS-96 systems are utilized to verify the proposed reserve scheduling methods using GAMS programming environment. The obtained results verify the superiority and usefulness of the proposed method over others.

Thiocarbamide-Citrate Electrolytes as an Alternative to Cyanide Electrolytes in Solving the Problems of Environmental Protection and Prevention of Emergency Situations

A comparative analysis of the occupational hazard was done when working with widely known cyanide electrolytes and new thiocarbamide and citrate acid-based electrolytes. For this purpose, we made use of available reference data on maximum permissible substance concentrations, i.e. process solution components. Appropriate computations were done to define the environmental hazard of the electrolytes used for the application of silver, gold and copper coatings and also for the electrochemical silver polishing. Consideration was given to the reactions that proceed in cyanide and thiocarbamide-citrate bathes. The main drawbacks and advantages of given electrolytes have been established. Special attention was paid to the quality of galvanic products. It was proved that the suggested electrolytes are highly competitive with cyanide analogues as for their visual appearance, density and other characteristics of the condition of treated surface. These turned out to be labor saving and energy efficient and have substantially lower harmful effect on the human health and environment.

Особенности использования стационарных радиолокационных станций для предотвращения чрезвычайных ситуаций террористического характера

Проведен анализ основных технических параметров импульсных радиолокационных станций для обнаружения малых и сверхмалых целей в условиях ограниченной видимости и плохих метеоусловий. Описаны их главные технические параметры, планируемые для использования в системах физической защиты значимых объектов критической информационной инфраструктуры. Показаны преимущества использования импульсных радиолокационных станций для мониторинга крупных объектов критической информационной инфраструктуры. Целью работы является изучение возможности использования Фурье-образов для описания характеристик радиолокационных целей в системе мониторинга безопасности критически важных объектов. В предложенной методике основным прототипом для создания Фурье-образов радиолокационных целей являются функция, аппроксимирующая дельта-функцию для одиночных, точечных целей, и четыре вариации гребенчатой функции для распределенных и протяженных целей. Применение данных методов позволит сократить время идентификации радиолокационных целей и, соответственно, предотвратить чрезвычайные ситуации террористического характера, которые требуют быстрого реагирования на объект вторжения в защищаемой зоне критически важного объекта.

ON THE QUESTION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES IN AUTOMATED GAS SUPPLY SYSTEMS

The topical issues of development of automated control systems of gas control stations (GCS) and ways of reliable and economical functioning of the gas supply system in modern conditions have been considered in the article. The implementation of European innovative technologies, which are associated with using the modern equipment, telemetry tools to transmit the equipment operation parameters to the dispatcher control panel are the one of the ways to increase the safety and efficiency of GCS performance. The characteristic of the modern complex of telemetry, the raising of efficiency, reliability and safe operation of the gas supply systems due to the possibility of monitoring, technological control and management from the central dispatcher control room are given. The complex of telemetry helps to prevent emergency situations at facilities and to ensure control over unauthorized entry into the GCS premises by unauthorized persons. The article discusses the use of the automated system of operative-dispatching management (ASODM). It is a multi-level automated system that ensures the reliable functioning of the gas supply system at all levels of the hierarchy. It has been shown that the result of the creation of the ASODM are equipping of the control object with microprocessor control and management devices, the integration of various automation tools into a single information management system. It has been proven that the development of ASODM of GCS on the basis of local control and management modules using traditional approaches to creation of automation systems and using the cellular telephone communication as data transmission channels based on GSM-technologies are most rational. The digital control device, which is made on the technological platform of the programmable logic integrated circuit (PLIC), is the main element of the local control and management module. Digital control device (PLIC controller) is a relatively inexpensive and reliable equipment in an automated local GCS control system. The method of data transmission via GSM / GPRS wireless communication channel is considered. The use of GSM-modems and GPRS technology allows to remove restrictions on the distance of data transmission, as well as allows to fully automate the process of transmission and processing of information. The use of GSM / GPRS-technologies in the vehicles of the emergency dispatch service is also shown. The dispatcher can fully monitor the movement of the car with registration on the map of the city where the car is located.

Development of a method for obtaining a CdS/CdTe/Cu/Au module on a flexible substrate designed for backup supplying systems prevention of emergency situations

The study of methods for obtaining base layers of cadmium telluride for the creation of efficient solar cells on a flexible substrate, intended for backup power supply of security systems and facility control. Considering that the polyamide film is stable up to a temperature of 450 °С, the formation of the base layers of solar cells based on cadmium telluride on flexible polyamide substrates was carried out by the method of DC magnetron sputtering. Using the chosen method, experimental samples of micromodules on a flexible substrate with series-connected solar cells based on CdS/CdTe/Cu/Au were obtained. To understand the effect of the failure of one or more solar cells on the efficiency of the entire micromodule during operation, an analysis of the initial parameters and light diode characteristics of individual solar cells of micromodules was carried out. The design of the micromodules, in which the solar cells were connected in series, made it possible to separately measure their output parameters. It was found that the creation of a Cu/Au rear tunnel contact made it possible to obtain high values of the output parameters for individual solar cells, but the micromodule contains a limitation by a shunted solar cell. However, the greatest role in reducing the efficiency of the entire micromodule is played by ineffective absorption of radiation when passing through the polyamide film, which led to a decrease in the efficiency of the entire micromodule, in which there is a shunted element, to 3.9 %. The maximum efficiency of the obtained samples of micromodules was 5.3 %

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДОВ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА ДЛЯ ПРЕДОТВРАЩЕНИЯ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ ПРИ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ СКВАЖИН

The article discusses the use of automated systems for preventing emergency situa-tions in the process of well construction using artificial intelligence methods to increase the productive time of well construction by reducing the loss of working time to eliminate compli-cations. Key words: problems and complications during drilling, emissions, gas and oil water showings, stuck, artificial neural networks, digitalization, drilling, well, field, oil and gas blockchain, artificial intelligence, machine learning methods, geological and technological research, neural network model, oil and gas construction wells, identification and forecasting of complications, prevention of emergency situations.

Monitoring of moving objects in the absence of a GSM signal

Many modern transport processes require constant on-line monitoring and management. However, the main difficulty lies in the lack of a stable GSM connection. One of the possible solutions to this issue is the use of MESH networks. These represent the possibility of wireless communication between multiple entities, which are nodes on a distributed network. The article presents the results of the development of original local radio modules and a base station to ensure uninterrupted transmission of digital data from the monitoring object, in conditions of insufficient GSM coverage. The complex provides the following operating modes: simple interaction via a GSM channel, data transmission via a self-organizing network, as well as sensory interaction between objects. In the absence of GSM communication, the repeater provides on-line data transmission from the monitoring object, at a distance of up to 860 m, at a distance from the base station - at least 500 m. The use of the new complex makes it possible to promptly respond to changes in operating factors and prevent emergency situations during the operation of vehicles.

Метод запобігання надзвичайним ситуаціям внаслідок пожеж шляхом короткочасного прогнозування загорянь

A parametric model for predicting the current recurrence of the state of the airspace of premises in the conditions that are characteristic of real premises on the basis of the use of an arbitrary plural of dangerous factors of fire. The developed model depends on two parameters that are defined by a priori and affect the result of the recurrence of the recurrence of the conditions of the airspace of the premises. The new scientific result is determined by the theoretical substantiation of the developed model of prediction of recurrence of the growth of the airspaces of the airspace. The proposed model has two properties. The first one is associated with the possibility of use in theoretical studies of the detection of early inflammation of various materials in arbitrary conditions of modern premises. The second one is to practice the real measurements of hazardous fire factors of the airspace of premises. In accordance with the proposed model of prediction of current recurrence of the state of the air environment of premises in the fire of materials based on the measurement of an arbitrary set of dangerous fire factors, a control algorithm of the method of prevention of emergency situations as a result of fires in premises is developed. The control algorithm consists of six successive functionally linked blocks. The developed control algorithm allows us to offer an appropriate method for preventing emergencies as a result of fire in premises by predicting the recurrence of appliance of the airspace of the premises, which occurs on the basis of the current discrete measurement of an arbitrary plurality of dangerous fire factors. The procedure for application of the proposed method includes six successive functional procedural elements.

Increasing the efficiency of investment in improving the working conditions of employees of coal mines

Methods. In the course of the study, the methods of system-logical analysis are used – when evaluating material damage caused by harmful and dangerous working conditions in mines; statistics-economic analysis – when studying the state of working conditions of employees of coal mines and the socio-economic and social organizations environmental consequences of coal mining; economic-mathematical modeling – when developing methodological approaches to assessing socioeconomic consequences of investing in improving the working conditions of coal mine workers. Results. The existing approaches to assessment of investments efficiency to improve working conditions coal mine workers are analized. Economic losses caused by dangerous working conditions in coal mines are considered, the features of investment policy of labor protection for the coal industry of Ukraine are also highlighted. Methodological approaches to determine the values of preventive losses due to the implementation of measures to prevent emergency situations are developed, as well as measures aimed at preventing accidents and occupational diseases in order to assess the effectiveness of investments in improving the working conditions of coal mine workers. The procedure for determining priority investment trends and ways to increase motivation, economic incentives for enterprises to improve working conditions has been substantiated. The factors of a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of labor safety control systems at the enterprises of the coal industry have been determined. Novelty consists in improving the theoretical and methodological approaches to improving investment efficiency of improving working conditions in coal mines. Practical value. The conducted theoretical research and developed methodical provisions allow one to reasonably choose priority areas of investment in improving the working conditions of coal mine workers, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the management system of labor protection of coal mining enterprises.

APPLICATION OF FIELD THEORY APPARATUS FOR DESCRIPTION OF AIR MOVEMENT IN MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PREVENTION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF TECHNOGENIC CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTER

Ivan Kerchief, Oleg Mirochnik, Larysa Pereverzieva APPLICATION OF FIELD THEORY APPARATUS FOR DESCRIPTION OF AIR MOVEMENT IN MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PREVENTION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF TECHNOGENIC CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTER The main provisions of the field theory for the description of air movement processes in the closed premises of administrative buildings in the conditions of emergence of an emergency situation of technogenic character are defined in the work. Based on which the main assumptions are made regarding the problem of mathematical description of the process of air injection into the local volume using a filter ventilation unit in the interests of protecting people from the damaging factors of radioactive and chemical contamination in enclosed office buildings in a man-made emergency. A detailed analysis of the existing regulatory and methodological framework on the issues under consideration allowed us to state the following - known means of protection against radioactive and chemical contamination of the atmosphere are implemented in special protective structures, which are in large numbers in Ukraine, but for objective reasons (obsolete physically and morally) can not be used for its intended purpose. Existing methods of building temporary shelters cannot be implemented due to the rapid development of emergencies at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and propose new designs of special rooms in office buildings in the interests of protection and rescue of people from the harmful factors of hazardous substances sprayed into the atmosphere as a result of man-made disasters, which in turn should be based on modern methodological apparatus. closed premises of administrative buildings in the conditions of emergence of an emergency of technogenic character. Given the above, the properties of the vector function used to describe magnetic and other physical fields that do not contradict the provisions of gas dynamics and can be used to describe the problems of air injection in the local volume were considered. It is noted that the direction and modulus of the vector determine the direction and velocity of the air flow through the elementary site. In addition, the vector function allows you to represent (conditionally divide) the air flow as elements of lines or elements of surfaces. Thus, the properties of the vector function allow to use it to describe the processes of air injection into the local volume in the mathematical model of protection of people from the damaging factors of radioactive and chemical pollution in temporary shelters in office buildings in order to protect the population from the damaging factors of radioactive and chemical pollution. arising from man-made accidents and catastrophes. Key words: emergency situation, field theory, administrative buildings.

On Providing an Assessment Monitoring System for Especially Essential Structures

The article deals with the assessment problems of especially essential structures. Increased demands on prevention of emergency situations and minimizing the consequences in the event of their occurrence require constant determination of especially essential structures condition. Achieving the goal of reliability and continuity of information is possible by coating the structure surface by a layer of electroconductive concrete, working as a monitoring system sensor. The study of the electrical properties of concrete was performed using the voltmeter – ammeter scheme. After the measurements had been made, the conditional electrical resistance of the electrode pair was calculated. The analysis of the above dependencies found that the change in the electrical resistance of the material from its stress approaches the linear law at lower values of W/C over a larger section of the studied interval. Processing of the obtained data showed that the measurement results were significantly affected by the shape and size of the electrodes used during the experiments.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ОЧИСТКИ ЗАБОЯ ВОЗДУХОМ ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ АВАРИЙНОСТИ ПРИ БУРЕНИИ СКВАЖИН НА КУЮМБИНСКОМ НЕФТЯНОМ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИИ

Актуальность. Проблема поглощений промывочной жидкости при строительстве верхних секций эксплуатационных и разведочных скважин на месторождениях Восточной Сибири не нова и является одной из основных причин низкого показателя коммерческой скорости бурения в регионе. Кроме того, проходка осложненных интервалов скважин требует значительных временных и материальных затрат. Одним из перспективных решений проблемы поглощений промывочной жидкости является применение воздуха в качестве очистного агента. Технология бурения скважин с продувкой известна более ста лет, однако в связи с прогрессом в области компрессорного машиностроения открываются новые горизонты и возможности её применения. При этом требуется адаптация существующих методик расчета воздухоснабжения к новым для данной технологии горно-геологическим условиям. В статье изложены основные результаты научно-практического исследования очистки забоя воздухом при бурении интервалов под кондуктор в горно-геологических и хозяйственных условиях Куюмбинского нефтяного месторождения. Цель: формирование основ технико-технологического решения, обеспечивающего безаварийную проходку интервалов скважин под направления и кондукторы с применением очистки забоя воздухом на месторождениях Восточной Сибири. Объект: методика расчета воздухоснабжения циркуляционной системы скважины Б.Б. Кудряшова. Методы: теоретические исследования, математическое моделирование с заимствованием положений теopии пнeвмотранспopта, аэродинамики дисперсных частиц в потоке воздуха, производственный эксперимент в условиях действующей буровой установки на месторождении. Результаты. Сформулированы положения, позволяющие модифицировать расчетную методику воздухоснабжения циркуляционной системы скважины, применение которых позволит предотвратить аварийно-опасные ситуации на стадии проектирования.

Предупреждение чрезвычайных ситуаций при реконструкции магистрального нефтепровода на нефтегазодобывающем предприятии

Предупреждение чрезвычайных ситуаций при реконструкции магистрального нефтепровода на нефтегазодобывающем предприятии

Сетецентрический подход к предупреждению и ликвидации лесных пожаров на основе интеграции информационных ресурсов и систем

Introduction. The article analyzes the use of modern information resources and systems in extinguishing wildfires. The approach uses a network-centric system for modern resources and systems integration. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to identify and improve methods and tools for assessing forest fire prevention based on the integration of information resources and systems. Methods. Information-based methods and systems that allow simultaneous analysis of multi-dimensional data using digital maps, simplify the prediction and assessment of the complex effects of forest fires are considered, make it possible to quickly identify the anomalies and take the necessary measures to eliminate them. Results and discussion. Based on the results of the analysis, a generalized structure of the forest fire monitoring system was developed using a network-centric approach. Conclusion. A network-centric monitoring system combines all information resources and systems at all levels and directions. Early monitoring of the current situation, analysis of current operational information about identified thermal points, and modeling of possible scenarios for the development of the situation allows the most effective approach to solving problems of protecting the population and territory from the consequences of forest fires. Combining the advantages of individual modern technologies into a single distributed network-centric system makes it possible to effectively implement the elimination of the consequences of all types of emergencies. Key words: network-centric system, forest fires, forecasting and prevention of emergency situations, information resources and systems.

Monitoring of the collapse of the shores of reservoirs and the technology of their surface and deep fixing

Due to the unique water regime of the Astrakhan region, characterized by an uneven distribution of runoff that is directly dependent on the discharge from the Volgograd hydroelectric power station, coastal zones of water bodies are subject to intense negative effects. It is established that, despite the existing variety of ways to protect coasts from erosion, the search for new technical solutions at the moment continues to be an urgent task in hydraulic construction. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the application of a new methodology for studying the destruction of coastal zones and the method of shore protection. The article discusses the features of work on shore protection of territories subject to slope processes. The role of studies of the leading processes of destruction of coastal zones in the course of engineering and geological surveys, to predict and prevent risk, as well as to ensure the information content of further work on the construction of reliable shore protection, is emphasized. The result of the study was a new method for identifying the destroyed coastal zones, technologies for surface and deep fixing of the Bank slopes, and a method for preventing the collapse of steep river banks. In this paper, a positive assessment of the investigated method of Bank protection was given. Research has shown that prevention of emergency situations, especially in urbanized areas subject to intense anthropogenic impact, is possible only with the construction of engineering protection structures that have a positive effect in both protective and environmental aspects.