Prevalence Of Hypertriglyceridemia Research Articles

Association between the Korean Healthy Diet Score and Metabolic Syndrome: Effectiveness and Optimal Cutoff of the Korean Healthy Diet Score.

Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased among Koreans, the specific health benefits of the Korean Healthy Diet score remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the Korean Healthy Diet score and metabolic syndrome and to identify the optimal cutoff of the Korean Healthy Diet score for reducing metabolic syndrome prevalence. This cross-sectional study used data from 11,403 participants of the seventh and eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Korean Healthy Diet score was calculated based on adherence to 13 dietary components. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between the Korean Healthy Diet score and metabolic syndrome, as well as to identify the optimal cutoff values for the Korean Healthy Diet score. The average Korean Healthy Diet score was significantly lower in participants with metabolic syndrome than in those without metabolic syndrome (5.03 vs. 5.14, p = 0.016). A one-point increase in the Korean Healthy Diet score was associated with a reduction in metabolic syndrome prevalence (odds ratio: 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.91-0.98). The optimal cutoff for the Korean Healthy Diet score was identified as >7 points, particularly showing significantly decreased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Korean Healthy Diet score was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome prevalence, and the identified optimal cutoff values can serve as a practical tool for public health interventions aimed at reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome.

7055 Metabolic Disorders In Thalidomide Embryopathy

Abstract Disclosure: A. Tanabe: None. Thalidomide embryopathy (TE) is a congenital limb defect that occurs in neonates born to pregnant women who have taken thalidomide. Typical abnormalities of the TE are upper limb hypoplasia and and/or auditory dysfunction. In Japan, thalidomide was marketed as an agent for sleep-induce and digestive ulcers from 1958 to 1962. Up to now, approximately 290 cases have been certified and are supported by the government as drug-induced disease. Currently, many of the victims are in their late 50s, and in addition to congenital disabilities, various health issues such as lifestyle-related diseases can be developed. We investigated their metabolic condition using data of medical health checkup between 2017 and 2018. Fifty-one Japanese cases of TE (28 men and 23 women) were included in this study. The mean age was 56.4±1.6 years in men and 55.9±1.2 years in women. The prevalence of upper limb deformities was 64% in men and 74% in women; the remaining patients had only hearing impairment. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.7±2.1 in men and 22.5±4.0 in women. Eleven percent of men and 17% of women had a BMI between 25-30, while 9% of women and no men had a BMI of 30 or greater. Liver dysfunction was seen in 32% of men and 9% of women. The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was 60±17 mg/dL in men and 68±18 mg/dL in women. The mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was 120±28 mg/dL in men and 136±35 mg/dL in women, with 25% of men and 48% of women had LDL level of 140 mg/dL or greater. The mean triglyceride (TG) level was 144±85 mg/dL in men and 116±61 mg/dL in women, with 43% of men and 17% of women had a level of 150 mg/dL or greater. The mean HbA1c level was 6.0±1.0% in men and 5.9±0.4% in women. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance was 25% in men and 13% in women. Fatty liver (FL) evaluated by ultrasonography or CT scan was 61% in men and 39% in women. The patients with FL showed significantly high body fat percentage and TG level in men, high alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and TG levels in women, respectively, compared to the patients without FL. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher in men with FL compared with men without FL. There was no significant difference in with or without the upper limb abnormalities in both groups. Although without obvious overweight, more than 40 % of the patients had dyslipidemia and 50% of the patients had FL. The limb abnormalities can result in movement limitations however other factors may be involved in the development of metabolic disorders in TE. The results of this study provide valuable information for future health management in thalidomide embryopathy. (This study was conducted by a research grant from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan: 21A1015 and a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Japan: 20KC2005, 23KC2017). Presentation: 6/2/2024

Unraveling the link between hypertriglyceridemia, dampness syndrome, and chronic diseases: A comprehensive observational study.

To investigate the dampness syndrome score in hypertriglyceridemia and the correlations between hypertriglyceridemia and other chronic diseases and lifestyle factors. Data were retrospectively obtained from individuals who underwent physical examinations at Guangzhou Cadres Health Management Centre from May 2022 to May 2023. t Test, variance analysis, and chi-square test were used to compare the score of dampness syndrome and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among different subgroups. Pearson, Spearman correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to explore the correlations between hypertriglyceridemia and dampness syndrome, chronic diseases, and lifestyle factors. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 26.70%. Clinical test index and dampness syndrome score were significant differences between hypertriglyceridemia group and normal group (P < .05). Subgroup analyses as a function of the degree of triglyceridemia indicated that the dampness syndrome score increased with increasing degree of triglyceridemia (P < .05). Correlation analysis showed that hypertriglyceridemia was correlated with dampness syndrome, overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseases (P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, marriage, education level, smoking, drinking, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, milk and dairy product consumption, dessert or snack consumption, the degree of dampness syndrome, and engagement in exercise were associated with hypertriglyceridemia (P < .05). Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with a variety of chronic diseases and lifestyle factors, and is closely related to dampness syndrome. The score of dampness syndrome can reflect hypertriglyceridemia to a certain extent. It provides more clinical reference for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia combined with the analysis of dampness syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine.

Dietary cooking oils and cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population.

To investigate three features of dietary cooking oil intake, namely, the consumption, cooking style, and composition of fatty acids in relation to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population. The elderly (≥ 65 years) participants for this study were recruited from two community health centers in the urban area of Shanghai. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on dietary oil consumption (low, medium and high) and cooking styles (fry or stir-fry vs. others) and the composition of fatty acids (poly-unsaturated vs. mono-unsaturated). The cardiometabolic measurements included anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and serum lipids. The 1186 study participants had a mean age of 70.9 ± 5.4 years. The mean dietary oil consumption was 35.0 g/d, being low (< 25 g/d), medium (25-49 g/d) and high (≥ 50 g/d) in 485,467 and 234 participants, respectively. The proportion of the fry or stir-fry cooking style and oils rich in mono-unsaturated fatty acids was 30.4% and 27.4%, respectively. Both before and after adjustment for sex, age, current smoking and alcohol intake, dietary oil consumption was significantly (P ≤ 0.02) and positively associated with the prevalence of treated hypertension and fasting plasma glucose concentration. With similar adjustments as above and additional adjustment for dietary oil consumption, the fry or stir-fry cooking style was significantly (P ≤ 0.048) and positively associated with body mass index, but inversely with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the dietary intake of oils rich in mono-unsaturated fat acids was significantly (P ≤ 0.02) and positively associated with diastolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. This study showed that both the consumption and composition of fatty acids of the dietary oils mattered with regard to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population.

Establishing Apolipoprotein-B and non-high-density-lipoprotein-C goals in Indian population: A Cross-sectional study

BackgroundDefining lipid goals solely on low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in Indian population may cause misclassification due to high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and small dense LDL-C particles. International guidelines now recommend Apoliporotein-B (Apo-B) and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels as alternative targets. In this study, we used a cross-sectional representative population database to determine Apo-B and non-HDL-C cut-offs corresponding to identified LDL-C targets and compared them to international guidelines. MethodsA community-based survey carried out in urban Delhi and adjacent rural Ballabhgarh provided lipid values for 3047 individuals. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the degree of relationship between Apo-B and LDL-C and non-HDL-C. Cut-off values for Apo-B and non-HDL-C were established using receiver operator curve analysis correlating with guideline-recommended LDL-C targets. ResultsSpearman's rank correlations between Apo-B and LDL-C (0.82) and non-HDL-C and LDL-C (0.93) were significant (p < 0.05). Proposed corresponding cut-off values for LDL-C of 55, 70,100,130 and 160 mg/dl for Apo-B and non-HDL-C in our population were 75.3, 75.5, 91.3, 107.6, 119.4 mg/dL and 92.5,96.5, 123.5, 154.5, 179.5 mg/dL respectively. However, in those with triglycerides >150 mg/dl the corresponding Apo-B and non-HDL-C values were 85.1, 92.7, 103.5, 117.5 and 135 mg/dL and 124.5, 126.5, 147.5, 167.5 and 190.5 mg/L respectively. ConclusionBased on this study we provide Apo-B and non-HDL cut-offs corresponding to target LDL-C values in Indian patients with and without high triglycerides. It is noted that in individuals with triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl, the Apo-B levels are much higher than the values recommended by guidelines.

HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC CORONARY SYNDROME: PREVALENCE AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH EXTREME CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION

Objective: Hypertriglyceridemia prevalence in Acute and Chronic Coronary Syndrome (ACS and CCS respectively) patients in the era of very low LDL target is still unknow. The objective of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of triglyceride levels above 150 or 200 mg/dL despite statin therapy and LDL cholesterol at targets in ACS and CCS subjects enrolled in a Cardiac Rehabiliatitation (CR) program Design and method: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Niguarda Hospital (Milan, Italy). Patients undergoing CR after ACS/CCS from January 1, 2012, to March 28, 2023, were included. Data on demographic, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental variables were collected. Results: The study population consisted of 740 patients with a mean age of 64.3±10.7 years, predominantly male (81.7%). Triglyceride levels significantly decrease during the CR period (131.1±63.8 vs 116.9±75.9 mg/dL; p &lt; 0.001) similarly to LDL cholesterol (107.9 ± 38.8 mg/dL vs 69.9 ± 25.9mg/dL, p&lt;0.001). 50.8% of the subjects reach the LDL cholesterol target. The percentage of patients with triglycerides &gt;150 mg/dL at CR ends was 17.8% (15.6% when considering only patients that reach the LDL target of 55 mg/dL) while it is only 6.8% for triglycerides &gt;200 mg/dL (5.9% when considering only patients that reach LDL target). Patients with triglycerides &gt;150 mg/dL had higher baseline BMI, LDL cholesterol and uric acid with lower ejection fraction at CR ends. Hypertriglyceridemia significantly correlates with extreme CV risk (R= 0.08, p= 0.025). At multivariate analysis, FE (dependent variable) was significantly associated with triglycerides (beta= - 0,145, p= 0,026) and systolic BP (beta= 0,137, p= 0,032). Conclusions: Despite high intensity statin therapy and lower LDL cholesterol targets, a substantial proportion of patients in cardiac rehabilitation still had elevated triglyceride levels. This study highlights the potential role of Icosapent Ethyl in managing hypertriglyceridemia in these patients.

Letter by In-Kyung Jeong Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

Letter by In-Kyung Jeong Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

Response to Letter Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

Response to Letter Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

Dyslipidemia in the Russian Federation: population data, associations with risk factors

Aim. To study the prevalence of dyslipidemias and their association with various risk factors in the Russian population of men and women aged 35-74 years in 2020-2022.Material and methods. This work was carried out as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. The sample included 28731 men and women aged 35-74 years living in 15 Russian regions. Hypercholesterolemia (HC) was diagnosed with total cholesterol (TC) ≥5,0 mmol/l, while elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was considered ≥3,0 mmol/l, hypertriglyceridemia — with triglyceride levels ≥1,7 mmol/l, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) &lt;1,0 mmol/l in men and &lt;1,2 mmol/l in women. Associations were assessed using logistic regression after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, drinking status, presence of hypertension (HTN) and stroke.Results. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in the Russian Federation in 2020-2022 was 58,8%, hypertriglyceridemia — 32,2%. The incidence of lipid-lowering therapy increased with age from 1% in the group of 35-44 years to 16% in the group of 65-74 years. On average, only 7,6% of study participants received lipid-lowering therapy. Significant associations of HC with HTN, obesity and alcohol abuse were identified. Similar results were obtained for elevated LDL-C levels, with the exception of alcohol abuse. In turn, a reduced HDL-C level was significantly associated with the lack of higher education, marriage, physical activity, smoking and the presence of diseases.Conclusion. The prevalence of lipid disorders in the Russian Federation in 2020-2022 remained at a high level. These disorders occurred more often in women, and they were better informed about their cholesterol levels and more often received lipid-lowering therapy. HTN, obesity, and some behavioral and social risk factors were associated with dyslipidemia.

Lipid disorders before and after successful liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation (LTx) is the only successful treatment for end-stage liver disease. The results of liver transplantation depend not only on graft survival but may be also affected by superimposed cardiovascular morbidities. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of lipid disorders as one of the important cardiovascular risk factors in patients before and after successful LTx. One hundred eleven patients who underwent liver transplantation because of liver cirrhosis and survived at least 2 years with functioning graft between November 2005 and May 2014 were included in this retrospective analysis. The mean age of the patients at the time of liver transplantation was 49.7±12.2 years. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was assessed before and two years after liver transplantation. This was analyzed in relation to the etiology of liver disease, including alcohol toxicity, viral or autoimmune diseases. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia before and after LTx was 13.5% and 40.5%, respectively (P<0.001). Similarly, hypercholesterolemia was noted in 17.1% and 51.4% respectively (P<0.001). The annual incidence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia during the first two years after LTx was 16.2% and 20.7%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (18.5% vs 66.7%, P<0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (29.6% vs 70.0%, P=0.002) was significantly lower in patients with the autoimmune cause of liver cirrhosis in comparison to patients with the alcoholic liver disease. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is increased after liver transplantation. The prevalence of dyslipidemia may be related to the cause of liver injury before LTx.

Gender and age features of dyslipidemia in the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region

Aim. To study the gender and age characteristics of dyslipidemia in the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region.Material and methods. A total of 2501 people aged 35-74 among the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region were examined, selected by stratified multi-stage random sampling. The study was performed as part of the third epidemiological study ESSE-RF3. All respondents underwent an anthropometric survey, a questionnaire to identify chronic non-communicable diseases and related risk factors. The following laboratory tests were performed: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG). Among the entire cohort of patients at the time of blood sampling, 276 people (11,0%) were receiving lipid-lowering drugs. They were excluded from further analysis. Hypercholesterolemia (HCL) was recorded with a total cholesterol ≥5,0 mmol/l, an increased level of LDL-C — with a level ≥3,0 mmol/l, hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) — with a TG ≥1,7 mmol/l, a reduced level of HDL-C — with a level in males ≤1,0 mmol/l, in women ≤1,2 mmol/l.Results. The prevalence of HCL was 65,1%. In the young cohort (40-44 years), men were significantly more likely to have hypercholesterolemia, but in the middle (50-54 years) and older (60 years or more) age groups, this lipid metabolism disorder was observed with greater frequency among females. In addition, 68,9% of the respondents had elevated LDL-C levels. When studying the prevalence of this type of dyslipidemia in different age groups among men and women, a similar trend can be noted with similar TC values, but significant gender differences in the prevalence of elevated LDL-C levels l were revealed only in the 60-64 and 65-69 years groups. The prevalence of HTG among the adult population of the Nizhny Novgorod region was 42,6%. Among the 35-49 years and 55-59 years age groups, the prevalence of elevated TG levels was significantly more common among men. The incidence of decreased HDL-C levels was 13,3%. This type of dyslipidemia was significantly more often detected among men only in the youngest subgroup (35-39 years).Conclusion. Among the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region, hypercholesterolemia occurred in 65,1% of respondents, an increased level of LDL-C — in 68,9%, a HTG — in 42,6%, a reduced level of HDL-C — in 13,3%. The data obtained determine a high cardiovascular risk and require the development of prevention and treatment measures for lipid metabolism disorders.

Serum monoterpene levels, glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, and metabolic syndrome in adults: NHANES, 2013–2014

Monoterpenes are organic compounds which have been studied for their medicinal benefits. However, the association between monoterpene exposure and metabolic parameters in humans is unknown. We investigated the connection between three specific monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene), glucose homeostasis biomarkers, lipid profiles, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in 1627 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. We found serum levels of α-pinene and β-pinene were positively associated with fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolipoprotein B. In addition, increased levels of limonene and Σmonoterpene (sum of three monoterpene chemicals) were linked to higher insulin, β-cell function, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B. Participants with all three monoterpenes above the 50th percentile had notably higher values for total cholesterol and triglycerides compared to those with all three monoterpenes below the 50th percentile (P for trend <0.001). Regarding MS, higher serum concentrations of α-pinene were linked to an increased risk of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) insufficiency and hypertriglyceridemia. Elevated concentrations of β-pinene were associated with a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, increased levels of limonene and Σmonoterpene were connected to a higher risk of MS, larger waist circumference, low HDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia, and higher blood pressure according to MS criteria. In conclusion, serum monoterpenes levels were linked to glucose regulation, lipid profiles, and indicators of MS. Further studies are necessary to clarify the potential causal relationships.

Severe hypertriglyceridemia prevalence at a primary care setting in Catalonia, Spain

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis, and its prevalence varies across populations. To determine the prevalence of moderate-to-severe hypertriglyceridemia (msHTG, 500-879mg/dl) and severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG, ≥ 880mg/dl) in a primary care population in Catalonia, Spain, and to categorize them according to presence/absence of factors potentially causing HTG. Retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data in SIDIAP (Information System for the Development of Primary Care Research) from 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019. We considered medications with hypolipidemic effects and those potentially increasing TG levels. We developed logistic regression models adjusted by age and sex to calculate the probability of having ms/sHTG according to covariates of interest. In the study years, 36.2‒42.0% of the >3.5 million active primary care users had ≥1 TG determination. Prevalence for msHTG was 0.7% and for sHTG 0.2% among those with recorded TG. In 2019, 54.7% were female; median (IQR) age was 62.5 (49.4‒73.7) years. Prevalence was higher in 36‒50-year-old persons (1.3% msHTG, 0.4% sHTG) and men (1.1% msHTG, 0.3% sHTG). Most cases were associated with secondary and <20% with non-secondary causes, the latter being most prevalent in young patients. The secondary causes more strongly associated with msHTG/sHTG were obesity, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and gamma-glutamyl transferase >100U/L. The prevalence of msHTG was 0.7% and that of sHTG was 0.2% between 2010 and 2019 among individuals with recorded TG. msHTG/sHTG most often affected men around their fifties and people with obesity and uncontrolled DM. Most msHTG and sHTG cases were associated with the presence of secondary causes.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Chinese women with premature ovarian insufficiency

Objectives To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Chinese women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and to explore the metabolic profile of Chinese women with POI. Methods 118 POI women aged 20-38 years and 151 age-and-BMI-matched control women were recruited. Measurements included body height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), blood pressure, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS). Prevalence and components of MetS and metabolic indices were compared between the two groups. Results The prevalence of MetS in POI women and age-and-BMI-matched control women was 16.9% and 11.3%, respectively, which was not significantly different (p > .05). The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and high fasting glucose was significantly higher in POI than control (17.8% vs. 9.3%, p = .039; 16.9% vs. 6.6%, p = .008), without significant differences in the prevalence of other components of MetS (p > .05). The levels of TG, FINS, and HOMA-IR in POI were significantly higher than in control (p < .05) but without significant differences in WC, WHR, SBP, DBP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and FPG (p > .05). HOMA-IR was positively correlated with WC, DBP, TG, and FPG and negatively correlated with HDL-C in both POI women and control (p < .05). Conclusions POI women presented with more unfavorable cardiovascular risk factors (higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and high fasting glucose; higher TG, FINS, and HOMA-IR). So, women diagnosed with POI should always be covered with special care of metabolic profile.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among university academic staff and students in Bangladesh

BackgroundDyslipidemia is one of the important contributors to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. There is little or no information on dyslipidemia among academic staff and students in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors related to dyslipidemia among university academic staff and students in Bangladesh.MethodsA total of 533 participants (302 academic staff and 231 students) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A simple random sampling technique was used to enrol the participants. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the participants, and serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured using the standard methods. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III) model guideline. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors related to lipid marker abnormalities.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 81.5%, of which 85% was in staff and 76.5% in students. A significant difference was found in the prevalence of dyslipidemia between males and females only in the student group (p < 0.01). Among staff, hypertriglyceridemia prevalence was 49.7%, hypercholesterolemia 23%, high LDL-C 24.7% and low HDL-C 77.3%. On the other hand, hypertriglyceridemia prevalence was 39%, hypercholesterolemia 25.6%, high LDL-C 26.5% and low HDL-C 69.3% among students. The most common lipid abnormality was low HDL-C in both groups. The prevalence of mixed dyslipidemia was 14.2% and 14.1% in staff and students, respectively. According to the regression analysis, increased age, obesity, diabetes, and inadequate physical activity were significantly associated with dyslipidemia.ConclusionsDyslipidemia was prevalent among the majority of the study participants. Increased age, obesity, diabetes, and inadequate physical activity were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. The study’s results highlight the importance of implementing interventions to address the associated risk factors of dyslipidemia among academic staff and students in Bangladesh.

LIPID DISORDERS BEFORE AND AFTER SUCCESFUL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

Objective: Liver transplantation (LTx) is the only successful treatment for end-stage liver disease. Long term results of liver transplantation not only depend upon graft survival but it may be also affected by superimposed cardiovascular morbidities. This single center, retrospective, clinical study was aimed to assess the prevalence of lipid disorders in patients before and after successful LTx. Design and method: One hundred eleven patients (mean age 49.7±12.2 years) who underwent Ltx because of liver cirrhosis and survived at least 2 years with functioning graft were included in this retrospective analysis. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was assessed before and two years after LTx. This was analyzed in relation to etiology of liver disease, including alcohol toxicity, viral or autoimmune diseases. Results: Before and after LTx the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by hypercholesterolemia were 13.5% and 40.5%, (P&lt;0.001), 17.1% and 51.4% r (P&lt;0.001), as well as 7.2% and 27.9% (P&lt;0.001) respectively. There was no significant differences in prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (7.4% vs 10.0% vs 16.2%), hypercholesterolemia (14.8% vs 16.7% vs 14.2%) as well as hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by hypercholesterolemia (3.7% vs 3.3% vs 10.8%) in patients before LTx with the autoimmune, alcoholic and viral cause of liver cirrhosis, respectively. Two years after LTx the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (18.5% vs 66.7%, P&lt;0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (29.6% vs 70.0%, P = 0.002), as well as hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by hypercholesterolemia (14.8% vs 46.7%, P = 0.009) was significantly lower in patients with the autoimmune cause of liver cirrhosis in comparison to patients with the alcoholic liver disease. Conclusions: 1. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is increased after LTx. 2. The prevalence of dyslipidemia after LTx may be related to the cause of liver injury before LTx.

Hypertriglyceridemia associated with the use of capecitabine in a Mexican cohort.

e24107 Background: Capecitabine is a prodrug activated to its cytotoxic form 5-fluorouracil by thymidine phosphorylase whose active metabolites inhibit DNA synthesis by reducing thymidine production and also inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by competing with uridine triphosphate. Capecitabine is used in many types of tumors and its main reported side effects are diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome and hematologic toxicity. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients visited in a private hospital in Mexico City, that has a basal triglyceride profile and at least two determinations during treatment with capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin. Results: We analyzed 14 patients with a mean age of 55 years (IQR 40-73), 12 patients with colorectal cancer, 78.5% in the adjuvant setting, a half of patients with capecitabine monotherapy and the other half in combination with oxaliplatin. Comorbidities as overweight/obesity were seen in a half of the patients, diabetes in 21.4% and hypertriglyceridemia at baseline in 57.1% of patients all of them G1. The mean baseline glucose was 99.5 mg/dl (IQR 74-174), the mean baseline cholesterol was 180.8 mg/dl (IQR 85-243), the mean baseline triglycerides was 153.3 mg/dl (IQR 85-243). During capecitabine treatment a total of 85.7% of patients developed hypertriglyceridemia: G3/4 of 21.4%, G2 of 28.5%, G1 of 35.7%. No patient developed a serious complication associated with hypertriglyceridemia such as pancreatitis. There was no association between monotherapy or combination treatment with oxaliplatin, of patients with grade ≥2 hypertriglyceridemia, five received capecitabine monotherapy and two in combination with oxaliplatin. Also, no association was found among the highest levels of cholesterol, glucose, disease stage, age or body mass index. All of the 6 patients with normal baseline triglycerides developed hypertriglyceridemia 66.6% G1 and 33.3% G2. All the patients who present with hypertriglyceridemia G3/4 had baseline hypertriglyceridemia and 66.6% also diabetes. Conclusions: This analysis shows the high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia associated with the use of capecitabine as monotherapy or combined with oxaliplatin in a Mexican cohort, with an incidence of 21.4% of hypertriglyceridemia G3/4 having the pre-existing hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes as risk factors. The cause of the worsening of the lipid profile requires more research but justify lipid profile at baseline and during the treatment with capecitabine. Due to the small size of the sample, the findings need to be confirmed with a prospective study with a larger number of patients.

Associations between dietary copper intake and hypertriglyceridemia among children and adolescents in the US

Background and aimsA relationship exists between dietary copper intake and hypertriglyceridemia in the United States (US). However, children and adolescents have there is limited research data for children and adolescents, who have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to carefully evaluate this relationship. Methods and resultsThis cross-sectional study included 3982 children and adolescents who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2006. The outcome variable was hypertriglyceridemia, defined as a triglyceride (TG) concentration >150 mg/dL. Multivariate and binary logistic regression models were applied in this study. The median (Q1–Q3) copper intake and TG levels were 0.98 (0.71–1.32) mg/d and 72.00 (53.00–100.00) mg/dL, respectively. The smoothing curve showed an inverted L-shaped relationship between copper intake and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in American children and adolescents. A binary logistic regression model was developed to evaluate the relationship between copper intake and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, and the inflection point was 0.76 mg/d. The odds of developing hypertriglyceridemia significantly increased with increasing levels of copper intake (odds ratio (OR), 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39–2.86) in participants with copper intake >0.76 mg/d (P for log likelihood ratio test = 0.032). The association between high copper intake and increased hypertriglyceridemia risk was significantly stronger in participants with a high body mass index (BMI; ≥23 kg/m2) (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.42–3.07) than in those with a low BMI (tertile 1–2) (p for interaction = 0.048). Moreover, the increase in copper intake in adolescents aged 13–18 years significantly increased the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.38–2.76; p for interaction = 0.001). ConclusionHigher dietary copper intake increases the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, especially among US adolescents with a BMI ≥23 kg/m2.

Prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidemia in Bangladeshi adults.

Dyslipidemia is one of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidemia in Bangladeshi adults. A total of 603 participants aged ≥ 18 years were recruited in the study. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were analyzed using enzymatic colorimetric methods. Dyslipidemia was defined based on serum lipids levels following the standard guidelines by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate risk factors associated with dyslipidemia. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 89% with no significant difference between male (90.1%) and female (85.7) subjects. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 51.7%, hypercholesterolemia 41.6%, high LDL 43.9% and low HDL 78.8%. When participants were classified into healthy control, hypertensive and diabetic groups, the lipid levels and prevalence of lipid abnormalities were higher in hypertensive and diabetic groups compared to the control group. Low HDL level was the main prevalent dyslipidemia among study subjects. The prevalence of isolated hypertriglyceridemia, isolated hypercholesterolemia, and isolated low HDL-C was 24.7%, 14.7%, and 25.5%, respectively. Mixed hyperlipidemia was prevalent in 26.9% of the participants. According to the logistic regression analysis, significant associated factors of dyslipidemia were increased age, overweight, general and abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes and inadequate physical activity. This study shows a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in Bangladeshi adults. Important risk factors of dyslipidemia are increased age, overweight, general and abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension and low physical activity. Our results suggest that awareness-raising programs are required to prevent and control dyslipidemia among Bangladeshi adults.

Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

We aimed to investigate the longitudinal trends in prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in Korean adults and hypertriglyceridemia-associated lifestyle habits, socioeconomic factors and comorbidities. Data from the 2007-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used in this study. Two cutoff values (≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL) for fasting serum triglyceride levels were used to estimate the age- and sex-specific prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Use of lipid-lowering medications, lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise, socioeconomic variables such as educational attainment and household income, and comorbidities such as obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were also investigated. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among Koreans based on KNHANES 2007-2020 was 29.6% at ≥150 mg/dL and 16.1% at ≥200 mg/dL. While the rate of using lipid-lowering medications increased steadily from 2007 to 2020, changes in annual prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia were subtle. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in men peaked in middle age (47.7% and 30.0% for ≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, in their 40s), but its prevalence in women increased throughout their lifetime (32.6% and 14.7% for ≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, in their 70s). Smoking and high-risk drinking exacerbated peak prevalence in both sexes. Young adults with any comorbidities had prominently increased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. The lowest levels of education and income were both associated with the higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in both sexes. It is important to understand the age- and sex-specific epidemiology of hypertriglyceridemia to establish its appropriate management plans.