Prevalence Of Chronic Periodontitis Research Articles

Piroxicam gel versus injectable platelet rich fibrin in the treatment of stage III periodontitis

Background In view of the importance and prevalence of chronic periodontitis, there is still an urgent need to search for an effective therapy that is less expensive, easy to use, and readily available with no side effects. Injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) and piroxicam were considered as possible treatment options of periodontitis. Aim To evaluate the efficacy of piroxicam gel versus i-PRF in treatment of stage III periodontitis. Materials and method The current study was carried out as a randomized clinical trial. The participants diagnosed as having stage III, grade B periodontitis were selected from the patients attending Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. The selected individuals randomly assigned into two groups (by means of a sealed envelope via masked supervisor): group I and group II. Forty sites (the deepest periodontal pockets) were selected. Twenty sites from GI was treated by piroxicam gel and 20 sites in GII were treated by i-PRF. The application was done 2 weeks after scaling and root planing and applied for five times one application every 2 weeks over 10 weeks. The comparison was assessed clinically and immunologically. Clinically, via recorded: probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing. Immunologically, via measuring: the levels of matrix metalloproteinases-8 in gingival cervical fluid samples. Clinical and immunological were recorded at baseline (before scaling and root planing), 4 weeks (2 weeks after first application), 8 weeks (at fourth application), and 12 weeks (2 weeks after the last application). Results Both groups showed significant improvement in all clinical and immunological parameters. Comparing GI and GII at each follow-up time point, there was significant amelioration in all assessed parameters in favor to GII. Conclusion The use of i-PRF is preferred over the use of piroxicam gel in the treatment of stage III chronic periodontitis, as it gives better clinical and immunological results.

Association of chronic periodontitis with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease of microbial etiology that manifests as a result of the dysfunction of the immune mechanism, culminating in the destruction of the alveolar bone of the jaws. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS), leads to demyelination and degeneration of nerve axons and often causes severe physical and/or cognitive impairment. As CP and MS involve inflammatory mechanisms and immune dysfunction, researchers have attempted to study the association between them. To systematically review the literature on the epidemiological association between CP and MS in adults. PRISMA 2020 statement was used in the study protocol. The design was done according to the Cochrane methodology. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases; a manual search and evaluation of the gray literature was also performed. The meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was defined as the effect size of the outcome. Heterogeneity was assessed by Chi-square and I2. The articles evaluated were written in English, without a time limit, concern observational studies (patient-controls) and report the diagnostic criteria of the diseases. Duplicate entries were excluded. To evaluate the reliability of the results of each study, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE tools were used. Two independent reviewers did all evaluations with a resolution of discrepancies by a third. Meta-analysis included three observation studies examined 3376 people. MS patients are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with CP than healthy controls (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.54-2.42, p<0.0001). A high prevalence of CP was found among MS patients compared with healthy controls. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the association between these pathological entities to provide patients with high-quality care through an effective and holistic diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

The Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Oral Biofilm: Pathophysiology in Chronic Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disease caused by a specific microorganism causing progressive damage to areas, especially the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. Clinical manifestations of periodontitis are tooth mobility, pocket formation, and loss of attachment. Periodontitis is divided into two groups, namely aggressive and chronic periodontitis. The prevalence of chronic periodontitis in the world is around 50%. Meanwhile, the prevalence of chronic periodontitis in Indonesia, according to Riskesdas 2018 is 67.8%. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a bacterium that causes chronic periodontitis, which can form biofilm plaque and cause damage to periodontal tissue resulting in tooth loss. The formation of biofilm plaques due to accumulation of opportunistic bacterial species accompanied by increased gram-negative bacterial. These changes in composition affect the host's immune response so that periodontitis develops into a chronic inflammatory condition. Therefore, we conducted a literature search to analyze the effect of oral biofilms on chronic periodontitis.

Prevalence of chronic periodontitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and its correlation with peritoneal dialysis-related complications

ObjectiveThe microinflammatory state can influence the occurrence of dialysis-related complications in dialysis patients. Chronic periodontitis (CP), in which plaque biofilm is considered to be the initiating factor, is a chronic infectious disease in the oral cavity. It is still uncertain whether CP affects the microinflammatory state in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and the occurrence of dialysis-related complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the periodontal index and clinical parameters in peritoneal dialysis patients with CP and dialysis-related complications, including peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (CCEs).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study, and 76 patients undergoing PD were enrolled. Clinical parameters, the occurrence of PD-related complications and periodontitis-related indicators, including the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were collected. Correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between periodontal or clinical parameters and the occurrence of PD-related complications.ResultsAll the patients had different degrees of periodontitis (mild 9.2%, moderate 72.4%, severe 18.4%); PPD was inversely related to serum albumin (r = − 0.235, p = 0.041); CAL has a positive correlation with serum C-reactive protein (rs = 0.242, p = 0.035); PLI was positively correlated with serum calcium (r = 0.314, p = 0.006). ANOVA, multivariate logistic regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier Survival curve suggested that CAL was a risk factor for the occurrence of PDAP. There was no correlation between periodontal parameters and CCEs or poor prognosis.ConclusionCP is universally present in PD patients, and the presentation of periodontitis influences the systemic inflammatory state in PD patients. CP is a risk factor for PDAP.

Clinical Effects of Subgingival Application of Salvadora persica Gel in Generalized Chronic Periodontitis

Background: Salvadora persica (SP), or miswak, possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-coagulant and anti-bacterial properties that may provide therapeutic benefits in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). In developing countries, prevalence of CP, bacterial resistance and adverse effects of antibacterial agents, has increased over the years. The current study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a locally delivered SP gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of CP. Methods: Sixty-six subjects with chronic periodontitis were selected and full-mouth periodontal parameters (periodontal pocket depth, recession, clinical attachment loss, plaque score and bleeding) were measured. The subjects were divided into a control group [scaling and root planning (SRP)] and an SP group [subgingival placement of Salvadora persica gel in periodontal pockets]. On 6 weeks’ follow-up, the periodontal parameters were recorded. The distributions of variables were analyzed by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and paired t-test. The p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A reduction in periodontal pocket depth (PPD), plaque score (PS) and bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was observed within both SP and control group on 6 weeks follow-up. Comparison of changes in periodontal parameters between the groups revealed a statistically significant difference in bleeding on probing score in SP group compared to control group (p = 0.002), while there was no statistically significant difference in changes in periodontal pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment loss and plaque score between both groups. Conclusion: The SP group demonstrated improved gingival health (p=0.001), reducing bleeding score compared to the control group. However, insignificant results were observed in periodontal pocket depth, recession, clinical attachment loss and plaque score. Keywords: Miswak; Chronic Periodontitis; Scaling and Root Planing; Periodontal Pocket; Clinical Attachment Level.

Diseases of pulp-periodontal complex associated with different directions between systems disorders

BACKGROUND: Caries complications (pulpitis and periodontitis) alongside caries remained the most widespread pathology on dentistry dispensary acceptance. This is a study of the disease structure of the pulp and periodontal for dentistry patients with intersystem disorders.&#x0D; AIM: To improve the treatment methods of pulp-periodontal defeats for patients with between system disorders&#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 568 dispensaries of the cards using the casual sample dentistry patient with different directions between system disorders (main group), and 570 dispensaries of the cards patient without somatic pathology (group of the comparison) primarily addressing employees of therapeutic dentistry department. Patients with between systems disorders were chosen following the World Health Organization recommendation, defining the given group as a contingent on the high risk for dentistry level health estimation of somatic patients.&#x0D; RESULTS: Among examined contingent, the prevalence of pulp inflammation was determined in 209 (36.8%) events of 568 addresses. Prevalence of chronic periodontitis was determined in 183 (32.2%) events of 586 addresses.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: The interconnection pulp-periodontal disease complex analysis discovered the reliable correlation between pulpitis and periodontitis between the compared groups.

Prevalence of chronic periodontitis among the residents of PHC in Belagavi and its association with systemic disease – A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontitis is much more common than the general public realizes. In the US, about 80% of adults have at least one attachment loss site and about 35% of the population suffers from severe chronic periodontitis. Surprisingly, only a small portion of this population seeks periodontal care. In terms of oral health treatment, India has a lot of inequalities, and periodontitis affects 95% of the population. In rural areas, the dentist-to-population ratio of about 1:200000 necessitates the development of dental infrastructure at the primary health-care level. Periodontitis affects about 20%–50% of the global population.METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis was done to determine the spread of chronic periodontitis and its association with systemic disease. A total number of 146 individuals comprising of both sexes ≥40 years of age were selected from two areas in Vantmuri, Belagavi. Age, sex, family history, smoking and alcohol habits, systemic disease, etc., were recorded by giving a questionnaire. The investigation was done to assess body mass index, BOP, CAL, DMFT, OHI, etc., Chronic periodontitis was assessed along with its association with systemic disease. The information collected was entered into Microsoft Excel and evaluated with the help of SPSS 26.RESULTS: It was evident from the sample population that periodontal disease (41.78%) was highly prevalent. Periodontitis was found to be significantly correlated with age, cigarette/beedi smoking (regular), and OHI scores among study participants (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: More research into the underlying mechanisms and risk factors of chronic periodontitis, as well as its link to systemic diseases, is required.

Risk factors and nutritional status analysis in patients with liver cirrhosis and concomitant chronic periodontitis

Objective: To study and explore the prevalence, characteristics, preliminary risk factors, as well as their relationship with nutritional scores in liver cirrhotic patient with chronic periodontitis. Methods: 163 patients with liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized in the Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine at Tianjin Third Central Hospital from June to September 2018 were enrolled as the case group, while the control group consisted 140 healthy individuals enrolled during the same period. Periodontal examination, biochemical examination and oral hygiene habits were investigated. The prevalence of periodontitis in the two groups was compared, and the risk factors of severe periodontitis were conducted by multivariate regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of chronic periodontitis was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than healthy control population, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The prevalence of severe periodontitis and full edentulous jaws was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than healthy control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). Compared with the healthy control group, the depth of periodontal pocket and the degree of attachment loss were significantly increased in the liver cirrhosis group (P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that liver cirrhosis was the independent risk factors for both groups of patients with severe periodontitis (χ (2) = 11.046, P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that toothbrushing frequency, nutritional risk score, prealbumin level and Child-Pugh grade were independent risk factors for occurrence of severe periodontitis in liver cirrhotic patient (χ (2) = 5.252, P = 0.022; χ (2) = 24.162, P < 0.001; χ (2) = 4.159, P = 0.041; χ (2) = 9.249, P = 0.002). Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontitis is significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than healthy individuals, and liver cirrhosis is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of severe periodontitis. Toothbrushing frequency, nutritional risk score, prealbumin level and Child-Pugh grade are risk factors for severe periodontitis in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Relationship Between Chronic Periodontitis and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

PurposeWe investigated the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic periodontitis (CP).MethodsA total of 103 middle-aged men who had received a health checkup were included. All participant data were prospectively collected. CP was defined as a 30% increase in the number of probed sites with a clinical attachment level of ≥4 mm among all probed sites. LUTS/BPH were assessed using transrectal ultrasonography, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry, and postvoiding residual urine volume.ResultsThe median age, IPSS, prostate volume, and maximal flow rate were 55.0 years, 9.0, 29.0 mL, and 20.0 mL/sec, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of CP was 27.2%. The IPSS total, IPSS voiding, IPSS storage, and quality of life (QoL) scores were significantly higher in patients with CP (median [interquartile range, IQR]–IPSS total: 8.0 [5.0–13.5] vs. 12.0 [7.5–20.5], P=0.004; IPSS voiding: 5.0 [2.0–9.0] vs. 8.5 [4.0–15.0], P=0.002; IPSS storage: 3.0 [2.0–5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–6.0], P=0.021; QoL: 2.0 [1.0–3.0] vs. 3.0 [2.0–4.0], P=0.015). Additionally, the average flow rate was significantly lower in patients with CP (median [IQR] (mL/sec): 9.0 [8.0–13.0] vs. 8.0 [6.0–11.0], P=0.047). After adjustment for age, testosterone level, prostate volume, glucose level, cholesterol level, and waist circumference, the IPSS total and voiding scores were significantly and positively related to CP (IPSS total: odds ratio [OR], 1.141; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.045–1.245; P=0.003; IPSS voiding: OR, 1.243; 95% CI, 1.092–1.415; P=0.001).ConclusionsOur data suggest that LUTS/BPH is significantly related to CP.

Prevalência da periodontite crônica em pacientes atendidos em uma clínica escola de odontologia

INTRODUÇÃO: A periodontite crônica é uma das patologias bucais mais comuns, apresentando elevadas taxas de perda dentária. OBJETIVO: identificar a prevalência da periodontite crônica dos pacientes atendidos em um centro universitário no interior do Ceará. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo transversal, cujas informações da população pesquisada foram obtidas por meio de prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no período de 2013 a 2018. Foram incluídos na pesquisa dois mil, oitocentos e vinte e um prontuários que continham as informações completas necessárias ao estudo e o TCLE (Termo de Consentimento Livre Esclarecido) devidamente assinado. As variáveis analisadas forami dade, sexo, tipo de doença periodontal, doença sistêmica e hábito de fumar. RESULTADOS: Entre os pacientes avaliados foi observado que 21,5% destes apresentaram periodontite crônica. O sexo feminino apresentou maior prevalência com 55,8% e a faixa etária mais acometida por essa doença foi entre 30-44 anos. Dos pacientes fumantes 29% desenvolveram a patologia periodontal, e aqueles com alterações sistêmicas, 25,2% apresentaram periodontite crônica, sendo a doença cardiovascular a de maior prevalência com 57,2%. CONCLUSÃO: Entre os pacientes avaliados 21,5% apresentaram periodontite crônica, sendo de grande valia entender como se dá a distribuição e os demais fatores que estão associados a essa doença, pois esses dados podem ser utilizados no planejamento de ações voltadas a saúde pública.

Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chitosan Scaffold to Accelerate Alveolar Bone Remodelling in Periodontitis: A Narrative Review

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease in the periodontal tissue. In Indonesia, the prevalence of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone defect ranging from 80%. Thus, definitive treatment of periodontitis is necessary. A combination of Chitosan Scaffold and Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cell (GMSC) can be used as an alternative treatment. Chitosan scaffold is chosen because it is biocompatible, non-toxic good bio-mechanic properties and characterized as tissue engineering material. GMSC is chosen because it is easily isolated with minimal invasive method, it also possesses a multipotent differentiation of mesenchymal lineages, and it can accelerate bone remodeling in alveolar bone defect. This narrative review summarized the potential combination of GMSC and Chitosan scaffold to ameliorate alveolar bone defect in periodontitis. GMSC possesses an ability to differentiate into osteogenic lineage. The combination between chitosan scaffold/and GMSCs may increase alveolar bone remodeling rate. The combination of GMSC and Chitosan scaffold can be a promising approach and therapy in alveolar bone defect due to periodontitis by accelerating alveolar bone remodeling.

Association between chronic periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. A systematic review

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP) may be related due to a bidirectional etiology. The evidence shows that CP could alter the clinical course of RA. We performed a systematic search to determine if CP alters the morbidity of RA, analyzing its clinical and molecular aspects. Of 552 initial articles found, 16 were selected for a thorough review. There is a greater prevalence of CP in patients with RA. Patients with RA have significantly higher values of periodontal clinical parameters than healthy controls. Arthritis activity is significantly greater in patients who suffer from CP and decreases with nonsurgical periodontal treatment. There is a significant relationship between the severity of CP and RA activity.

Role of oral health-related behaviors in education inequalities in chronic periodontitis among Sri Lankan men.

The aims of the present study were to determine education inequalities in chronic periodontitis (CP) among Sri Lankan men and whether oral health behaviors explain education inequalities in CP. Data from 720 males who participated in a study to determine the prevalence of CP in 30-60-year-olds in Colombo district, Sri Lanka, were used for the present study. An interviewer administered a questionnaire obtained information about sociodemographics and oral health behaviors. Following the assessment of periodontal parameters, case definitions proposed by the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology were used to define periodontitis. Education gradients were observed in relation to CP, smoking, betel quid chewing, alcohol use, and dental utilization. Education gradients in CP remained, but attenuated after adjustments for smoking, betel quid chewing, alcohol use, and dental utilization. Current smoking and current alcohol use explained 4%-38% and 6%-15% of the associations between education and CP, respectively. The education gradient in CP remained following simultaneous adjustment for all behaviors, but lost significance for 11-13years of education. Of the oral health behaviors considered, current smoking contributed the most to education inequalities in CP, explaining 4%-38% of the education differences in CP.

Association between periodontitis and chronic migraine: a case-control study.

The aim of this investigation was to examine whether chronic periodontitis (CP) is a risk indicator of chronic migraine (CM). We performed a case-control study consisted of 102 cases (patients diagnosed with CM) and 91 controls (non-CM individuals) matched by age and gender. Full-mouth periodontal charts, demographic, medical, clinical, as well as neurological data were obtained. In addition, high sensitive C-reactive protein serum levels were determined from blood samples of both cases (taken during migraine interictal period) and controls. The prevalence of CP was significantly higher in patients with CM compared to those without CM (58.8 vs. 30.8%, p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis showed that CP was significantly associated with the presence of CM, independently of well-known chronifying factors of migraine (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-4.7; p = 0.012). Based on our results, CP could be considered as a risk indicator of CM. However, more evidence is necessary to investigate if this relationship is causal or not.

Prevalence of Chronic Periodontitis, Bruxism and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Objective: Chronic periodontitis is a world-wide infectious and inflammatory disease and may have a relationship with other inflammatory diseases such as fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The aim of this study was to determine whether the prevalence of periodontitis is increased in individuals with FMS or not. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four patients with FMS and 70 systemically healthy individuals were included in the present study. Fibromyalgia patients did not have any other systemically disease. All subjects had at least 20 functioning teeth and underwent detailed oral and radiographic examination, in addition, bruxism and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) examinations were performed. All clinical attachment levels, plaque and gingival indices were recorded. Results: Fibromyalgia patients tend to have higher gingival index scores than healthy individuals. There was a significant difference in the presence of bruxism between the study groups (p 0.05). Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of periodontitis was not changed in FMS patients but was increased in healthy subjects above age 45.

Chronic periodontitis and smoking. Prevalence and dose-response relationship.

Objectives:To determine the prevalence and dose-response relationship of chronic periodontitis among smokers in Pakistan.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study among participants seeking dental care in Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 443 participants with a mean age of 44.3 (±6.5) participated in the study from April 2011 to December 2011. Males comprised 64.7%, and females comprised 35.2%. Participants were interviewed on social demographics and oral habits. Participants with shallow pockets (3.5-5.5 mm) and deep pockets (>5.5 mm) were considered suffering from chronic periodontitis. The characteristics of participants were assessed using frequency distribution for categorical variables and mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables.Results:Among 443 participants, smokers were distributed as 55.1% and non-smokers as 44.9%. Smoking was found to be significantly related to young adults (p<0.007), male gender (p<0.001), and lower education level (p<0.01). Overall prevalence of chronic periodontitis among smokers was estimated at 81.6%. Heavy smoking was found to have significantly high prevalence (p<0.001) and severity (p<0.001) of periodontitis as compared with moderate and light smokers. The multivariate unadjusted model depicted 3.5 times higher risk of chronic periodontitis among smokers (p<0.001).Conclusion:Chronic periodontitis had a high prevalence among smokers. Heavy smoking was found to have a higher risk for having periodontitis.

Prevalencia de periodontitis crónica en Iberoamérica

The prevalence of periodontal diseases is high, and is related to oral biofilm and other risk factors such as age, smoking, diabetes, hereditary factors, etc. ObjectiveThe objective of this review was to examine studies on the prevalence of chronic periodontitis in Latin America. MethodsA search was conducted for cross sectional and cohort studies to determine the prevalence of chronic periodontitis in Latin America. The clinical features of the periodontal diseases used for diagnosis in epidemiologic studies were identified, such as clinical probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. An analysis was also performed on the periodontal indices used. ResultsAlthough consensus criteria have been formed to unify the case definition of periodontitis, they are not always used in studies of periodontal disease prevalence. For this reason the comparison between different studies is difficult. The evidence on the prevalence of periodontitis in Latin America found in PubMed and other Scientific data bases is limited. Only in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Spain, Dominican Republic and Guatemala was it possible to find information. There are few population studies in Latin America, and the diagnostic criteria used are heterogeneous. It was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. All this makes it difficult to make an accurate comparison between countries. Also, some studies use indices that are not currently recognised in periodontal consensus in order to determine the true prevalence of periodontal diseases (Community Periodontal Index). ConclusionMost studies show that the prevalence of chronic periodontitis in Latin America is high, and the extent and severity of insertion loss and increased probing depth increases with age.

A population-based study on the association between chronic periodontitis and sialolithiasis.

Whereas the impression that poor oral hygiene is linked to the development of sialolithiasis may be widely accepted, very few studies provide evidence to support this. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and the subsequent development of salivary gland stone based on a nationwide coverage database. A case-control study. A total of 987 subjects with sialolithiasis were included as cases. In a ratio of five controls per case, 4,935 controls matched in terms of sex and age group were selected. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the possible association of sialolithiasis with previously diagnosed CP. The prevalence of prior CP between cases and controls demonstrated that 1,831 (30.9%) out of the 5,922 sampled subjects had prior CP. By Chi-square test, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of prior CP between the cases and controls (36.8% vs. 29.7%, P < 0.001). By conditional logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of prior CP for cases was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.56) compared to the controls after adjusting for geographic location and tobacco use. Further analyzing the relationship between sialolithiasis and prior CP according to sex, sialolithiasis was associated with prior CP regardless of sex. The adjusted OR of prior CP for the cases was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.10-1.64) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.15-1.73) for males and females, respectively, when compared to controls. This study demonstrates an association between CP and sialolithiasis. 3b.

The clinical study of IgA nephropathy with severe chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis

To explore the clinical characteristics of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with severe chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. A total of 436 hospitalized patients who underwent renal needle biopsy in the department of nephrology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from November 2013 to December 2014 were recruited in the study and blindly had periodontal examination. The patients were divided into IgAN group and non-IgAN group according to the renal pathology. The patients with IgAN were further categorized as non-periodontitis, chronic periodontitis and aggressive peridontitis group by Haas classification. The chronic periodontitis group was continually divided into mild, moderate and severe periodontitis group. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in gingival crevicular fluid were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The prevalence of periodontitis in the study was 88.3% (385/436). The prevalence of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis were higher in patients with IgAN than those with non-IgAN (P<0.05). Degree of chronic periodontitis was correlated with pathologic grading of IgAN (r=0.48, P<0.001). Compared with IgAN patients with other types of periodontitis, those with severe chronic and aggressive periodontitis had more severe pathology, more frequent recurrent gross hematuria, higher levels of 24 h proteinuria, serum triglyceride and uric acid, higher periodontal probing depth and clinical attatchment level, as well as higer levels of IL-1β and IL-6, but had lower creatinine clearance rate (all P<0.05). The prevalence of severe chronic and aggressive periodontitis was higher in patients with IgAN. Chronic periodontitis is correlated with the onset and development of IgAN. Patients with IgAN have worse condition with the aggravation of periodontitis.

Prevalence of chronic periodontitis in an obese population: a preliminary study.

BackgroundChronic periodontitis (CP) is a global public health issue. Studies have suggested CP could be linked to obesity due to their similar pathophysiological pathway. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CP and to assess the predictors for CP among the obese Malaysian population.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study on obese participants. Obesity is defined as an individual who has Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥27.5 kg/m2. A convenience sampling method was used. A total of 165 paricipants were recruited. This study involved answering questionnaires, obtaining biometric and clinical measurements of Visible plaque index (VPI), Gingival bleeding index (GBI), Probing pocket depth (PPD) and Clinical attachment loss (CAL). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software (SPSS Inc., version 20, US).ResultsA total of 165 participants; 67 (40.6 %) males and 98 (59.4 %) females participated in the study. Mean age of the participants was 43.9 (±8.9). The prevalence of CP among the obese population was found to be 73.9 %. Out of this, 43 and 55 % were categorised as moderate and severe CP respectively. Around 64 % of participants had sites with CAL ≥4 mm and participants with sites with PPD ≥4 mm were reported to be 25 %. Around 83 % of the participants had sites with GBI ≥30 and 92 % of participants had sites with VPI ≥20 %. GBI and VPI were found to have significantly higher odds for CP.ConclusionPrevalence of CP was high among obese Malaysians. GBI and VPI were potential predictors for CP in this obese population.