Prevalence Of Anemia In Patients Research Articles

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of universal pre-operative iron studies in total hip and knee arthroplasty

BackgroundThe prevalence of anaemia in patients planned for total hip and knee arthroplasty is about 20%. Optimising pre-operative haemoglobin levels by iron supplementation has been shown to decrease transfusion rates, complications and associated morbidity. The need for universal screening with iron studies of all elective arthroplasty patients is not clearly defined at present.MethodsRetrospective review of 2 sequential cohorts of patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty by a single surgeon at a single centre between January 2013 and December 2017. The first group of patients underwent pre-operative iron studies only if found to be anaemic, with a haemoglobin below 12g/dl. From January 2015, all patients irrespective of the presence of anaemia were screened with a complete iron profile before surgery. Patients with a confirmed iron deficiency were administered with intravenous iron prior to surgery. The 2 cohorts were compared with regard to blood transfusion rate post-operatively and cost efficiency for universal screening with iron studies.ResultsThere was a net decrease in the allogenic blood transfusion rate from 4.76 to 2.92% when universal iron studies were introduced but the difference was not statistically significant. Obtaining universal pre-operative iron studies is cost neutral with the price of allogenic blood transfusion in a similar cohort. We also diagnosed 5 patients with occult malignancies.ConclusionsUniversal screening with pre-operative iron studies and iron infusion in elective arthroplasty patients may reduce allogenic blood requirements and is cost neutral. An additional benefit is the potential to diagnose asymptomatic malignancies. Further studies are required to show the true benefit of universal pre-operative iron screening.

Prevalence and temporal trends of anemia in patients with heart failure.

Anemia is an important comorbidity in heart failure (HF), and it is associated with increased adverse disease experience and mortality. Previous reports have focused mainly on HF presenting in healthcare settings. We, therefore, set out to establish the nationwide prevalence and temporal trends of anemia in community-based patients with HF in the US. To establish the nationwide prevalence and temporal trends of anemia in community-based patients with HF in the US. The NHANES dataset, conducted by the CDC National Center for Health Statistics was used to collect nationally representative data on the health and nutritional status of the non-institutionalized US population. We utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination data collected over five survey cycles (2007-16). Included were participants aged 20-80 years with self-reported diagnosis of HF. Anemia was defined using 2 sex specific cut offs of 13 and 12 g/dl (cutoff 1), and 12 and 11 g/dl (cutoff 2), for men and women, respectively. The Chi square test was used to compare prevalence across different categories and survey cycles. Data analysis was done using STATA 16 with P-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. The median hemoglobin in all HF patients was 13.5 g/dl (IQR 12.4-14.5). The prevalence of anemia among community-based patients with HF in the US was 21.34% (cutoff 1) and 9.03% (cutoff 2) and has been stable from 2007 to 2016. The burden of anemia was disproportionately higher in NH Blacks (34.48%, 95% CI 27.12-42.67) and those with BMI < 25 Kg/m2 (17.4%, 95% CI 10.9-26.64). The prevalence of anemia in patients with HF in the US is at least 9% and has remained stable over the past decade. This high persistent burden with limited proven interventions should spur further efforts aimed at identifying impactful ways of addressing anemia in patients with HF.

Anemia in tuberculosis cases: A biomarker of severity?

IntroductionAnemia is a common condition at tuberculosis diagnosis, and there is evidence that its prevalence is higher in patients with tuberculosis than in those infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and healthy controls. Information about anemia during tuberculosis diagnosis is still scarce in the Brazilian population. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of anemia in patients with tuberculosis cared for at a referral center and its association with clinical forms of tuberculosis and other characteristics of these patients.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective cross-sectional study of tuberculosis patients diagnosed from January 2015 to December 2018 at the Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria (LAPCLIN-TB) of Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI)/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz). A database of an ongoing cohort study underway at this service since 2000 provided the baseline information on tuberculosis cases extracted from a visit template. Exploratory and logistic regression analyses were performed to verify associations between anemia and demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, clinical conditions, and laboratory results.ResultsOf the 328 cases reviewed, 70 were excluded, with258 retained. The prevalence of anemia was 61.2% (27.5% mild, 27.5% moderate and 6.2% severe). Among patients with anemia, 60.8% had normochromic normocytic anemia, and 27.8% showed hypochromic microcytic anemia. In logistic regression analysis, anemia was associated with a history of weight loss >10%, hospitalizations, coinfection with HIV, increased platelet count and microcytosis. Anemia was more frequent in the most severe clinical forms, such as meningeal and disseminated tuberculosis.ConclusionsAnemia was highly prevalent in tuberculosis patients at diagnosis, predominantly as normochromic normocytic anemia and in mild and moderate forms. It was associated with baseline characteristics and conditions indicative of severe disease, suggesting that anemia could be a biomarker of tuberculosis severity.

Prevalence of Anaemia in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Absence of Renal Impairment: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Despite an increasing incidence of diabetic nephropathy, undermining the renal production of Erythropoietin (EPO), there are significant number of studies being reported with anaemia among diabetic patients with renal insufficiency, implicating numerous theoretical pathogenesis. Its impact being ignored over the years among Indian contexts, women and men in rural Southern India are particularly vulnerable to anaemia. The associated risk factors and occurrence of anaemia in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) can be seen even in the absence of renal insufficiency. Aim: To determine the prevalence of anaemia in T2DM patients with normal renal function and assessment of its association with sociodemographic characteristics, biochemical and haematological variables. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months from December 2018 to May 2019 on total of 150 patients with T2DM, attending the Outpatient Department, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India. All the patients of either sex, aged between 18-60 years, with a duration of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) more than five years, with no renal involvement, were included in the study. All statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The Chi-square test, Z-test was used for data analysis. Results: Among the 150 subjects, 86 (57.3%) were classified to be anaemic, with a mean age of 53 years whereas, 64 (42.6%) were classified as non anaemics with a mean age of 50 years. The mean duration of diabetes was found to be 10.5 years among anaemics and 9.7 years among non anaemics. Compared to non anaemics subjects, drug therapy with both Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents (OHA) and insulin showed a statistically significant difference among diabetic subjects with anaemia. The high prevalence of normocytic anaemia (52.3%) suggests the importance of non renal causes of anaemia in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Patients with T2DM have an independent risk for anaemia irrespective of renal insufficiency, posing a significant adverse effect on the quality of life and the progression of the underlying disease with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hence, management of diabetic patients should include mandatory routine haematological tests, with consideration of advancing age and poor glycaemic control.

Prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan: A nationwide, cross-sectional cohort study using data from the Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database (J-CKD-DB).

BackgroundThe Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database (J-CKD-DB) is a nationwide clinical database of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on electronic health records. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and the utilization rate of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in Japanese patients with CKD.MethodsIn total, 31,082 adult outpatients with estimated glomerular filtration rates of 5–60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in seven university hospitals were included this analysis. The proportions of patients with CKD stages G3b, G4, and G5 were 23.5%, 7.6%, and 3.1%, respectively.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) hemoglobin level of male patients was 13.6 (1.9) g/dl, which was significantly higher than the mean hemoglobin level of female patients (12.4 (1.6) g/dl). The mean (standard deviation) hemoglobin levels were 11.4 (2.1) g/dl in patients with CKD stage G4 and 11.2 (1.8) g/dl in patients with CKD stage G5. The prevalences of anemia were 40.1% in patients with CKD stage G4 and 60.3% in patients with CKD stage G5. Logistic regression analysis showed that diagnoses of CKD stage G3b (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.32 [2.09–2.58]), G4 (5.50 [4.80–6.31]), and G5 (9.75 [8.13–11.7]) were associated with increased prevalence of anemia. The utilization rates of ESAs were 7.9% in patients with CKD stage G4 and 22.4% in patients with CKD stage G5.ConclusionsWe determined the prevalence of anemia and utilization rate of ESAs in Japanese patients with CKD using data from a nationwide cohort study.

&lt;p&gt;Prevalence and Predictors of Anemia in HIV-Infected Persons in Nepal&lt;/p&gt;

BackgroundAnemia is the commonest hematological complications in HIV patients, and has a significant impact on quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. However, little is known about the epidemiology of anemia in this population in a Nepalese setting. Therefore, the present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of anemia in patients living with HIV and further to determine the independent predictors associated with it.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in patients diagnosed with HIV at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu from November 2016 to August 2017. Anemia was considered a core variable, and covariates used for analysis were age, sex, CD4 count, antiretroviral therapy regimen, history of intravenous drug use, marital status, religion, geography, employment status, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Prevalence of anemia and its independent predictors were evaluated. Fisher’s exact and χ2 tests were performed to determine the significance of differences among categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Binary logistic regression was modeled to assess predictors associated with anemia.ResultsOf the total 210 patients analyzed, median age was 37.50±10.57 years, and 110 (52.6%) were male. The estimated prevalence of anemia overall was 66.7% (95% CI 60.64%–73.35%): mild anemia 14.3% (95% CI 8.25%–19.74%), moderate anemia 40.5% (95% CI 31.88%–48.11%), and severe anemia 11.9% (95% CI 6.61%–17.30%). Prevalence of anemia increased significantly with decreasing CD4 count: 5.71%, 12.85%, and 48.09% among patients with CD4 counts >500, 200–499, and <200 cells/mm3, respectively (P=0.019). Severity of anemia was significantly associated with immunostatus (<200, 200–499, and >500; P=0.048). Female sex was significantly associated with increased odds of anemia (OR 2.27, P=0.007).ConclusionThe present study demonstrated a high rate of anemia in a substantial number of HIV individuals. Therefore, early detection and timely management of anemia, especially in females and those with decreased immunostatus, are crucial to prevent anemia progression and improve quality of life.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF BASELINE ANEMIA ON IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Randomized controlled trials have reported 10% to 23% prevalence of anemia in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Current clinical guidelines fail to offer recommendations for its concurrent management in such patients. We conducted meta-analysis to review impact of

Screening for Anemia in Children with Down Syndrome.

As part of the 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) health supervision guidelines for children with Down syndrome (DS), annual screening for iron deficiency anemia is recommended between the ages of 1 and 18 years, but the evidence supporting this recommendation is limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia in patients with DS between the ages of 1 and 18 years to provide additional evidence for the AAP 2011 guideline recommendations for annual hemoglobin and ferritin screening in patients with DS. A retrospective cohort study was completed by obtaining data from the electronic health record (EHR) for patients meeting the following inclusion criterion: a diagnosis of DS in patients aged 1 to 18 years seen at our institution with hemoglobin drawn between July 2012 and 2016. Data were analyzed by the Fisher exact test and χ test. A total of 200 patients were identified. 22.5% had anemia, defined as a hemoglobin concentration less than 2 SDs for normed age. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2010) reported prevalence of anemia for children aged 1 to 5 years is 3.2% when compared with 18.7% in our sample. Of the 45 children with anemia, 5% had a microcytic, 67.5% a normocytic, and 27.5% a macrocytic anemia. Only 10 received a diagnosis of anemia in the EHR. The prevalence of anemia in this cohort of children with DS is significantly higher than that in the general population, supporting the AAP guidelines for an annual screening until the age of 18 years.

HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE IN PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM

Introduction: Thyroid function disorders are among the most common endocrine diseases. Females are affected more than males, especially during the reproductive age. Hypothyroidism is the most prevalent type with a reported frequency of 2–5% worldwide. Thyroid hormones are essential for virtually all body tissues. So deficiency may affect hematopoiesis in bone marrow and eventually hematopoietic cells. Hematological abnormalities have frequently been reported in thyroid disorders. Anemia is frequently observed in patients with primary hypothyroidism.&#x0D; Objectives: To study the hematological changes and pattern of anemia in primary hypothyroid patients.&#x0D; Materials &amp; Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on newly diagnosed 100 patients with primary hypothyroidism, between 18 –60 years. They were categorized as 35 patients of subclinical and 65 patients of overt hypothyroidism based on TSH level. Patients’ who fulfills the inclusion exclusion criteria were evaluated for thyroid function tests (T3, T4 and TSH) and hematological parameters (CBC and PBF).&#x0D; Results: Our analysis revealed an overall prevalence rate of anemia was 56% in patients with hypothyroidism which is higher than the WHO reported data of prevalence of anemia throughout the world. Our results showed that prevalence of normocytic normochromic anemia was significantly higher, microcytic anemia had the second rank, while macrocytic anemia had the lowest prevalence rate. On subgroup analysis, there was no statistical difference between subclinical hypothyroid and overt hypothyroid, in term of hematological parameters and type of anemia.&#x0D; Conclusion: Without proper diagnosis and effective treatment of the underlying thyroid disease, it is often difficult to achieve a complete correction of the anemia. The high prevalence of anemia in patients with hypothyroidism suggests screening for hypothyroidism during the differential diagnosis of cases presenting with anemia.&#x0D; Keywords: Hypothyroidism, subclinical, overt, anemia, hematological, thyroid, blood.

Association of Hemoglobin Level with Clinical Severity and other Disease Markers in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common disorder of immune origin. It has a significant effect on the quality of life of patients with subsequent social, occupational, economic, and psychological effects. It is characterized by a local and systemic inflammatory process mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) after exposure to various types of allergens. The associated systemic inflammation is evident by raised levels of several inflammatory markers, as well as by the effect of this inflammation on various other body systems. This study aims to characterize the prevalence of anemia in patients with allergic rhinitis and evaluate the relationship of hemoglobin level to some inflammatory biomarkers of the disease. Methods: The study population consist of 150 patients with allergic rhinitis randomly selected from patients visiting the department of otolaryngology clinic in Al-Sadder teaching hospital in Annajaf, Iraq during the period from April 1st, 2016 to March 30th 2017. The mean age of participants was 30.7(±10.95) years with a mean duration of allergic rhinitis of 5.4(±4.7) years. In this study, several serum and nasal markers were measured which include total serum immunoglobulin-E, inflammatory cytokines (interlukine-6, interlukine-18), leptin hormone and eosinophil count in nasal smear. Suitable Statistical tests were used to evaluate different possible associations among various measured parameters of interest and P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The study findings showed a significant negative correlation between hemoglobin levels and the serum level of IL-6, leptin, IgE and blood eosinophil count. The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in patients with more severe nasal eosinophilia than those with mild nasal eosinophilia. Similarly, the prevalence was significantly higher in patients with perennial type of allergic rhinitis than those with seasonal type. Conclusions: Some markers of systemic inflammation in allergic rhinitis correlate significantly with hemoglobin levels and may have etiologic contribution to the anemia in these patients specially in the perennial type of the disease .

ANEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS, ASSOCIATION WITH THE ACTIVITY OF THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS AND THE SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE

The aim: To estimate the prevalence of anemia in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, major pathogenetic variants and their relationship with the activity of the inflammatoryprocess and the severity of the disease. Materials and methods: 118 patients with ankylosing spondylitis participated in the study, which performed hematologic, biochemical, immunological studies with general haemopoiesis and ferrokinetics parameters, plasma levels of CRP and IL-6. Results: It was found that in Ukrainian population of patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 28.8% of patients has anemic syndrome. The anemia spectrum is represented by ACD (44.1%), ACD with iron deficiency (29.4%) and IDA (23.5%). It is shown that the severity of anemic syndrome increases with the increase of the stage of activity of the inflammatory process. The presence and severity of anemia are closely related to the severe course of the disease, evaluated by the BASDAI and ASDAS index, and laboratory markers of inflammation CRP and IL-6 of serum. Conclusions: The obtained data is promising for the search of effective means of correction of anemic syndrome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Anaemia in solitary acyanotic ventricular septal defect in comorbid with pneumonia or pulmonary hypertension: A retrospective study of 75 paediatric cases

Background: Ventricular septal defects (VSD) are the second commonest congenital heart defects after bicuspid aortic valve. When left unrepaired, they can undergo spontaneous closure or elicit a spectrum of complications including pneumonia (PNA) or pulmonary hypertension (PH) with subsequent anaemia. In this retrospective study, we aim to establish and compare the prevalence of anaemia in patients with solitary acyanotic VSD in comorbid with PNA or PH. Methods: A total of 75 case files of patients with solitary acyanotic VSD, who underwent surgical closure or device occlusion had haemoglobin level analysed prior to the procedure. The cohort included patients with (history of) PNA and PH, and asymptomatic. The cohort included 27 females and 48 males with mean age and weight of 8.3±5.72 (3-24) months and 5.9±3.9 (2.7-17.8) kilograms, respectively. Depending on associated complication and age, the cohort was divided: PNA (A), PH (B) and Control (C); and (I) young children (≥3-6≤) and (II) older children (&gt;6-≤24) months. We used 95 and 105 grams per litre as haemoglobin lower threshold level for (I) and (II), respectively. Results: According to data analysis 27 patients (36%) in total had anaemia. Of the anaemia cohort 16 (59.3%) had PNA, 9 (33.3%) PH and 2 (7.4%) were asymptomatic. Of the cohort, 42 were young children, with anaemia prevalence of 19/42 (45.2%), while 24.2% of the older children had anaemia. Intergroup ANOVA independent sample t-test was significant (p&lt;0.05). In addition, intergroup Tukey HSD test for haemoglobin: A/B (p&gt;0.05), A/C (p&lt;0.01), B/C (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Paediatric patients with acyanotic VSD in comorbid with PNA or PH are 8 and 4 times more susceptible to develop anaemia compared to asymptomatic counterparts. Susceptibility is even higher among young children (3-6months). However, a prospective study is needed to validate our findings.

Does localized iron loss in venous disease lead to systemic iron deficiency? A descriptive pilot study.

Haemosiderin deposition in the legs of patients with venous leg ulcers is well established, and several theories suggest this stored iron has a role in disease pathophysiology. In this novel pilot study of patients with chronic venous leg ulcers, we aimed to establish the relationship between wound fluid iron levels, serum iron parameters and healing. Fifteen patients with venous ulcers were included in the study. Blood samples were taken for full blood count and iron studies, while simultaneously wound fluid was obtained from the wound surface using filter paper. Wound areas were measured at initial and 4 week (+/- 2 day) follow-up visits. We found a positive correlation between wound fluid and serum iron (correlation co-efficient 0.27) and those with the lowest wound fluid iron level were also anemic. No association was found between initial wound area and wound fluid iron level but the largest wound areas were found in patients with anemia. Only 38% of patients demonstrated a reduction in wound area during the 4 week study, and 80% of those were not anemic or iron deficient. Conversely in those patients whose wounds did not reduce in size 88% were anemic or iron deficient. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized phenomenon of systemic iron store depletion secondary to leaching out of the body in wound exudate. In addition, these results suggest a high prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic venous ulcers, though whether this is cause or effect requires further research. Our findings also suggest that patients with venous ulcers have a high prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia, which appears to be often undiagnosed, and that diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in patients with chronic wounds need to be revised to reflect the effect of chronic inflammation on iron metabolism.

Prevalence of anemia in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and peculiarities of hemopoiesis and ferrokinetics, depending on the degree of anemia

Anemic syndrome is a frequent complication of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), worsening the course of the disease and prognosis. The purpose of this work was to determine the frequency of anemia, relationship with age, sex and duration of the disease, as well as the peculiarities of hemopoiesis and ferrokinetics in patients with AS. 118 patients with AS and 26 controls were examined. Hematologic parameters were determined on the apparatus of ERMA PCE-210 (Japan), indicators of ferrokinetics were determined on a biochemical analyzer Humalyzer 2000 using sets in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. Statistical data was processed using the Microsoft Office Excel statistical software package. The probability of the results was estimated using Student's criteria (probable results were considered at p&lt;0.05) and Fischer's criterion. Analysis of data showed that anemia was detected in 28.8% of patients. In 79.4%, anemia was mild, and 20.6% had an average degree of severity. Anemia was detected in 68.8% of women and 22.5% of men. Anemia was observed in 52.9% of patients with a disease duration of up to 5 years. According to cytometric indices, it is normocytic anemia in 55.9%, microcytic it is in 26.5%, and only in 17.6% is macrocytic. In patients with moderate severity of anemia, serum iron levels, ferritin and coefficient of saturation of transferrin were significantly lower, compared with light, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and sTfR levels were higher, p&lt;0.05. Thus, among patients with SAR, anemia is detected in 28.8% of patients with predominantly mild degrees. Anemia is more often diagnosed in women than in men. There is no relationship between age and the occurrence of anemia. In debut disease, every second patient has anemic syndrome. According to the cytometric characteristic, anemia is a mild degree of normocytic, and anemia of middle degree is microcytic. Patients with microcytic anemia had the lowest levels of iron, ferritin, coefficient of saturation of transferrin, and the highest levels of TIBC and sTfR.

Anaemia in solitary acyanotic ventricular septal defect in comorbid with pneumonia or pulmonary hypertension: A retrospective study of 75 paediatric cases

Background: Ventricular septal defects (VSD) are the second commonest congenital heart defects after bicuspid aortic valve. When left unrepaired, they can undergo spontaneous closure or elicit a spectrum of complications including pneumonia (PNA) or pulmonary hypertension (PH) with subsequent anaemia. In this retrospective study, we aim to establish and compare the prevalence of anaemia in patients with solitary acyanotic VSD in comorbid with PNA or PH. Methods: A total of 75 case files of patients with solitary acyanotic VSD, who underwent surgical closure or device occlusion had haemoglobin level analysed prior to the procedure. The cohort included patients with (history of) PNA and PH, and asymptomatic. The cohort included 27 females and 48 males with mean age and weight of 8.3±5.72 (3-24) months and 5.9±3.9 (2.7-17.8) kilograms, respectively. Depending on associated complication and age, the cohort was divided: PNA (A), PH (B) and Control (C); and (I) young children (≥3-6≤) and (II) older children (&gt;6-≤24) months. We used 95 and 105 grams per litre as haemoglobin lower threshold level for (I) and (II), respectively. Results: According to data analysis 27 patients (36%) in total had anaemia. Of the anaemia cohort 16 (59.3%) had PNA, 9 (33.3%) PH and 2 (7.4%) were asymptomatic. Of the cohort, 42 were young children, with anaemia prevalence of 19/42 (45.2%), while 24.2% of the older children had anaemia. Intergroup ANOVA independent sample t-test was significant (p&lt;0.05). In addition, intergroup Tukey HSD test for haemoglobin: A/B (p&gt;0.05), A/C (p&lt;0.01), B/C (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Paediatric patients with acyanotic VSD in comorbid with PNA or PH are 8 and 4 times more susceptible to develop anaemia compared to asymptomatic counterparts. Susceptibility is even higher among young children (3-6months). However, a prospective study is needed to validate our findings.

Prevalence of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a high prevalence worldwide. It leads to various complications, including microvascular and macrovascular complications. The nephropathy may undermine the renal production of erythropoietin, positively contributing to an increased anemia framework. The inflammatory situation created by kidney disease also interferes with intestinal iron absorption. Therefore, diabetic patients with kidney disease have higher risk for developing anemia. Aim The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence and various types of anemia in patients with type 2 DM. Patients and methods After obtaining informed written consent, all diabetics as well as control individuals were subjected to detail history, clinical examination, and investigations as follows: fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, complete blood count, peripheral smear for type of anemia, reticulocyte count and renal function test, creatinine clearance, urine examination, albuminuria, and stool examination through routine and microscopic fecal occult blood test. Results The prevalence of anemia among our studied patients with type 2 DM was 65%, with significant increase compared with control group (10%). Diabetics had microcytic hypochromic anemia among 55.4%, whereas 44.6% had normocytic normochromic anemia. There was a significant negative correlation between hemoglobin level and degree of albuminuria and a significant positive correlation between hemoglobin level and creatinine clearance. Conclusion Anemia is a common finding in patients with type 2 DM when compared with the general population. Hence in diabetic patients, it would be desirable to evaluate the hemoglobin levels often, even when the renal parameters are within the normal limits, for better quality of life.

Prevalence of anaemia in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer

Bladder cancer (BC) corresponds to about ninety fifth of urothelial cell carcinomas or shift cell carcinomas, creating the sickness the foremost common cancer of the tract. The clinical presentation of the sickness is sort of variable, and therefore the onset of polaciria and disorder could occur.

Prevalence of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Tertiary Care Centre

Prevalence of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Tertiary Care Centre

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Anemia as Comorbidity in North Indian Population

Background:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Anemia is seen as a common comorbidity in COPD patients associated with reduced functional capacity, impaired quality of life, greater likelihood of hospitalization, and early mortality. The aim is to study the prevalence of anemia in patients with COPD and to study its association with different parameters.Materials and Methods:In the present case–control study, 150 stable COPD patients were enrolled from the Outpatient Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, from October 2015 to January 2017. GraphPad PRISM version 6.01 was used for the analysis of data. Chi-square test was used to compare between the groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The present study showed the prevalence of anemia in COPD patients to be 31.6%. The mean hemoglobin level in anemic group was 11.04 ± 1.1 g/dl, whereas in nonanemic group, it was 13.9 ± 0.8 g/dl. Anemia was significantly associated with increased dyspnea in our study which was assessed by modified Medical Research Council grade (P = 0.04).Conclusion:The prevalence of anemia in COPD patients was 31.6%. Anemia is present as comorbidity in COPD patients and is associated with poor quality of life and increased morbidity in the form of number of exacerbation and hospital admission. Identification and correction of anemia in COPD patients may improve their clinical outcome.