Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid function disorders are among the most common endocrine diseases. Females are affected more than males, especially during the reproductive age. Hypothyroidism is the most prevalent type with a reported frequency of 2–5% worldwide. Thyroid hormones are essential for virtually all body tissues. So deficiency may affect hematopoiesis in bone marrow and eventually hematopoietic cells. Hematological abnormalities have frequently been reported in thyroid disorders. Anemia is frequently observed in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
 Objectives: To study the hematological changes and pattern of anemia in primary hypothyroid patients.
 Materials & Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on newly diagnosed 100 patients with primary hypothyroidism, between 18 –60 years. They were categorized as 35 patients of subclinical and 65 patients of overt hypothyroidism based on TSH level. Patients’ who fulfills the inclusion exclusion criteria were evaluated for thyroid function tests (T3, T4 and TSH) and hematological parameters (CBC and PBF).
 Results: Our analysis revealed an overall prevalence rate of anemia was 56% in patients with hypothyroidism which is higher than the WHO reported data of prevalence of anemia throughout the world. Our results showed that prevalence of normocytic normochromic anemia was significantly higher, microcytic anemia had the second rank, while macrocytic anemia had the lowest prevalence rate. On subgroup analysis, there was no statistical difference between subclinical hypothyroid and overt hypothyroid, in term of hematological parameters and type of anemia.
 Conclusion: Without proper diagnosis and effective treatment of the underlying thyroid disease, it is often difficult to achieve a complete correction of the anemia. The high prevalence of anemia in patients with hypothyroidism suggests screening for hypothyroidism during the differential diagnosis of cases presenting with anemia.
 Keywords: Hypothyroidism, subclinical, overt, anemia, hematological, thyroid, blood.
Highlights
Thyroid function disorders are among the most common endocrine diseases
Materials & Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on newly diagnosed 100 patients with primary hypothyroidism, between 18 –60 years. They were categorized as 35 patients of subclinical and 65 patients of overt hypothyroidism based on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level
The high prevalence of anemia in patients with hypothyroidism suggests screening for hypothyroidism during the differential diagnosis of cases presenting with anemia
Summary
Thyroid function disorders are among the most common endocrine diseases. Females are affected more than males, especially during the reproductive age. Objectives: To study the hematological changes and pattern of anemia in primary hypothyroid patients. Materials & Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on newly diagnosed 100 patients with primary hypothyroidism, between 18 –60 years. They were categorized as 35 patients of subclinical and 65 patients of overt hypothyroidism based on TSH level. Results: Our analysis revealed an overall prevalence rate of anemia was 56% in patients with hypothyroidism which is higher than the WHO reported data of prevalence of anemia throughout the world. There was no statistical difference between subclinical hypothyroid and overt hypothyroid, in term of hematological parameters and type of anemia. Prevalence of overt hypothyroidism varies between 0.1-2 %.2,3
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