Prevalence Of Abuse Research Articles

Elder Mistreatment and Dementia: A Comparison of People with and without Dementia across the Prevalence of Abuse.

This paper examines the prevalence of different types of elder mistreatment, care needs, and risk factors amongst older adults living with and without dementia in any setting (community or institution). Three years (2014-2017) of anonymized reported incidents of elder mistreatment to a national UK helpline were examined in an exploratory study, using a matched sample design (N = 598) comparing adults with dementia (n = 299) to those without (n = 299) on mistreatment type, care needs, and risk factors for abuse. Financial exploitation was more common among older adults with dementia who required more daily care than those without. Risk factors for elder mistreatment among older adults without dementia were often chronic in nature (such as poor physical health) whereas risk factors for people with dementia were associated with a dementia diagnosis. Raising implications for health and social care, results show that older adults diagnosed with dementia had increased care needs and vulnerability to abuse.

Prevalence and under-reporting of sexual abuse in Ruwa: A human rights-based approach

The under-reporting of sexual abuse reduces the chances of winning the battle against sexual abuse of women and children in Zimbabwe. It leaves girl children powerless and vulnerable, despite the country’s determination to put an end to injustice and gender discrimination in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular, SDG 5, which focuses on gender and equality, and SDG 16, which is concerned with justice and peace. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers to reporting sexual abuse in Ruwa. Informed by the human rights-based approach, the study adopted a quantitative research design. Survey data were solicited from 51 randomly selected female respondents. Results revealed that 69% of the respondents were abused, yet only 2% of the total respondents reported the abuse to authorities, while 67% did not report incidences of abuse. About 98% of respondents believed that most sexual abuse cases in Ruwa went unreported. Results also showed that barriers to reporting sexual abuses comprised cultural and economic factors, most of which were characterised by shame, embarrassment, and fear, as well as the desire to protect male breadwinners. The results are consistent with existing literature generalisations on sexual abuse, particularly in terms of the prevalence of sexual abuse and under-reporting. It is also argued that culture is the determinant factor for most of the barriers to reporting sexual abuse, as well as the effects of reporting.Based on the results and in view of promoting and protecting human rights associated with sexuality, the study recommends that local authorities and social institutions implement awareness programmes and campaigns on reporting sexual abuse in the community.Contribution: This study is the first of its kind in Ruwa. Its significance is embedded in how it reflects on the role played by culture, religion and societal views on matters of sexual abuse.

Childhood sexual abuse, alcohol and drug use problems among Black sexual minority men in six US Cities: Findings from the HPTN 061 study.

Prior research has found a high prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among sexual minority men (SMM) in the US, and has indicated that CSA is associated with higher rates of alcohol and drug use disorders. However, most of these studies have focused almost exclusively on White SMM. We assessed associations of CSA, alcohol use, and drug use problems among adult Black SMM. Participants were 1,016 Black SMM recruited from six US cities (Atlanta, Boston, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, and Washington, DC) between July 2009 and December 2011. We used hierarchical logistic regression to evaluate the associations between CSA, alcohol use problems (≥ 8 AUDIT), and drug use problems (excluding marijuana). Mean (SD) age was 37.8 (11.7) years, and 28.6% and 49.2% reported alcohol and drug use disorders in the past six months, respectively. Most of the study participants reported history of CSA (70.3%). Adjusting for sociodemographic and confounding variables, CSA was associated with higher odds of alcohol use problems (odds ratio (OR) = 1.52, 95% CI 1.09, 2.12) and drug use problems (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.19, 2.10) than non-CSA group. Prevalence of CSA is high among BSMM in the US and is positively associated with alcohol and drug use problems. Substance use interventions should address the psychological health needs of BSMM with a history of CSA.

Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Sohag Governorate in Egypt during One Year from January to December, 2020.

Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Sohag Governorate in Egypt during One Year from January to December, 2020.

"Falling Through the Cracks": A Retrospective Exploration of the Barriers to Help-Seeking Among Men Convicted of Sexual Crimes.

The prevalence and impact of sexual abuse is of global concern, and the alarming rates of victimization have inspired a focus on its prevention. Whilst research has begun to explore the experiences of non-offending individuals to inform prevention initiatives, there is limited exploration of those who have struggled with their sexual interests and go on to commit sexual crime. Arguably these individuals hold key information about gaps in service provision, which may inform approaches to crime prevention. This study aimed to provide a phenomenological exploration of the pre-offense experiences of convicted individuals' beliefs about help-seeking, their desires for support, and any barriers that might have prevented them from coming forward for help. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 individuals convicted of sexual offenses (n = 13 against children; n = 1 sexually motivated violence), and interpretative phenomenological analysis elicited three superordinate themes: Desperation, Barriers to Help-seeking and A Way Forward. The findings shed light on the distressing experience of living with sexual interests that are so openly rejected by society and the many ways participants attempted to cope with this, including multiple failed attempts to seek help. Implications and limitations are discussed.

EXPLORING FRONTLINE PERSONNELS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SUPPORT, KNOWLEDGE, AND RESOURCES FOR ELDER ABUSE

Abstract In Virginia, the number of both reported and substantiated cases of abuse in later life have grown steadily over the last several years (DARS, 2021; O’Connor, 2019). Unfortunately, the resources provided to combat elder abuse have not maintained the same steady increase; in many cases, funding to agencies that work to prevent abuse in later life has even been reduced (DARS, 2021). To better understand the gap that exists between need and available resources in Virginia, we conducted an exploratory sequential mixed methods study [QUAL → quan] (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2018). In the qualitative strand, we conducted a series of interviews and focus groups with professionals who often are called upon to respond/intervene when elder abuse is suspected: aging and victim services (n = 9), healthcare providers (n = 7), law enforcement (n = 8). Three themes emerged from the qualitative data: increasing capacity, prevention/coordination, and ageism. Findings from the qualitative strand were then used to guide implementation of the quantitative strand. These participants (N = 2,891) worked in a variety of frontline settings with older adults or in aging services, mostly in health care, law enforcement, social services. Project findings point to a need for increased resources for and training on elder abuse, a shift from reaction to prevention of abuse, improved care coordination and case management, and a need to reduce harmful ageist beliefs. Moreover, our findings highlight the effect structural and societal ageism at the policy level perpetuates the prevalence of abuse in later life.

GLOBAL ELDER ABUSE: A MEGA-MAP OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS

Abstract Elder abuse is an increasingly prevalent public health problem that requires a global political and evidence-based response. To make global evidence on elder abuse easier to locate and analyze, we constructed a mega-map – an interactive map that systematically identifies and overviews existing systematic reviews – on elder abuse prevalence, consequences, risk and protective factors, and interventions. Following Campbell Collaboration methodological guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive database and grey literature search of the global elder abuse literature (n=2,776) to identify systematic reviews that examine one or more of these four abuse domains among adults age 60+ (n=111). We then coded the reviews to identify key characteristics, including the types of abuse, settings, World Health Organization (WHO) geographic regions, and demographic subgroups represented in each review, that can be filtered in the mega-map. We also adapted the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Review and Research Syntheses to appraise the quality of each review. We found that the focus of existing evidence syntheses is most commonly interventions (n=59), followed by prevalence (n=52), risk factors (n=51), consequences (n=31), and protective factors (n=16). The majority of published elder abuse studies have been conducted in the European, Western Pacific, and Region of the Americas WHO geographic regions. Few reviews examine systemic abuse and system-level interventions. Future studies on elder abuse should address these gaps in research on protective factors and systemic aspects of elder abuse, and build evidence about elder abuse in the African, South-East Asian, and Eastern Mediterranean WHO geographic regions.

501: PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANIC SLEEP DISORDERS

Introduction: Some studies show there is a higher prevalence of chronic diseases and substance abuse associated with organic sleep disorders (OSDs). We aimed to identify the prevalence of chronic diseases and substance abuse. We also identified factors associated with higher odds of OSDs. Methods: The US population based retrospective study was performed using NIS database (2016-2018). Adults with OSDs, chronic diseases and substance use disorders were identified using the ICD-10-CM codes. Weighted univariate analysis was performed using a chi-square test to evaluate prevalence (primary+secondary diagnosis). The mix-effect survey logistic regression analysis was performed to identify chronic diseases and substance use disorders and their association with OSDs. Results: We found 87,761,798 hospitalizations, out of which 2,128,329 (2.43%) had organic sleep disorders (OSDs). Amongst spectrum of OSDs, prevalence of insomnia was 2.32%, REM sleep behavior disorder (0.1%), parasomnia (0.1%), circadian rhythm (0.1%), hypersomnia (0.04%), narcolepsy (0.06%). Population with OSDs was older (60 vs 58-years old) and OSDs were more common in age group 50-75 years (2.8% vs >75 years: 2.38% vs 18-50 years: 1.98%), male (2.53% vs female: 2.35%), and White race (2.74% vs Native American: 2.06% vs Black: 1.83% vs Hispanics: 1.69%). Concurrent prevalence of hypertension (61.48% vs 55.58%), obesity (17.00% vs 15.77%), drug abuse (13.80% vs 6.70%), alcohol abuse (10.50% vs 5.81%), tobacco abuse (22.57% vs 16.10%) and AIDS (10.79% vs 6.03%) was higher amongst OSDs in comparison without OSDs. (p<.0001) In regression analysis, we found patients with hypertension (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.17-1.19), dyslipidemia (aOR 1.27, 95%CI 1.26-1.28), obesity (aOR 1.09, 95%CI 1.08-1.10), AIDS (aOR 1.88, 95%CI 1.86-1.90), alcohol abuse (aOR 6.39, 95%CI 4.57-8.91), MI (aOR 0.65, 95%CI 0.64-0.66), angina pectoris (aOR 1.05, 95%CI 0.98-1.13), AIS (aOR 0.65, 95%CI 0.63-0.66), and TIA (aOR 0.79, 95%CI 0.75-0.82). Conclusions: In the nationwide representation, we have identified a higher prevalence and association of chronic diseases and drug and alcohol abuse with OSDs. More prospective studies are required for validation, early identification of population at risk, and risk mitigation to reduce the burden of OSDs.

Prevalence and determinants of sexual abuse among adolescent girls during the COVID-19 lockdown and school closures in Ghana: A mixed method study

BackgroundIn the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised that the pandemic may derail global efforts against child sexual abuse (CSA). ObjectivesThis study examines the prevalence and associated factors of sexual abuse among adolescent girls in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. Participants and settingThe sample comprised 853 adolescent girls aged 13–19 (16.03 ± 2.04 years) in Ghana. MethodsThe study employed a concurrent mixed-method design. ResultsOverall, the prevalence of CSA during the COVID-19 lockdown and school closures was 32.5 %. Protective factors for CSA were feeling safe in neighbourhood (AOR = 0.526, 95 % CI = [0.325, 0.850]) and parents often listen to opinions (AOR = 0.446, 95 % CI = [0.241, 0.826]). Risk factors for CSA were physical activity (AOR = 1.649, OR = 1.783, 95 % CIAOR = [1.093, 2.487, 95 % CIOR = [1.241, 2.561]), parents sometimes listen to opinions (AOR = 1.199, OR = 1.924, 95 % CIAOR = [0.504, 2.853], 95 % CIOR = [1.034, 3.582]), living with another relative (AOR = 2.352, OR = 2.484, 95 % CIAOR = [0.270, 20.523], 95 % CIOR = [0.317, 19.475]), Akan ethnicity (AOR = 1.576, OR = 1.437, 95 % CIAOR = [0.307, 8.091], 95 % CIOR = [0.316, 6.534]), having no disability (AOR = 1.099, OR = 1.138, 95 % CIAOR = [0.679, 1.581], 95 % CIOR = [0.786, 1.649]) and having a close relationship with parents (AOR = 1.334, OR = 1.752, 95 % CIAOR = [0.746, 2.385], 95 % CIOR = [1.096, 2.802]). ConclusionKnowledge of the risk and protective factors identified in this study can guide and inform the development of CSA prevention programmes during disruptive occurrences like school closures and lockdown.

Diagnosis codes dramatically underestimate the burden of abuse

BackgroundInternational Classification of Diseases (ICD) billing codes are not well-suited to estimate physical abuse prevalence among hospitalized patients and may be even less accurate in emergency departments (EDs). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently published a child abuse and neglect syndromic surveillance definition to more accurately examine national abuse trends among ED visits. ObjectiveTo retrospectively apply the CDC syndromic definition to a population of physically abused children and determine its sensitivity for abuse in an ED and at hospital discharge.Participants and Setting.All physically abused children <5 years seen in the ED and evaluated by the child protection team from 2016 to 2020 at a large Midwestern children's hospital. MethodsRetrospective cross-sectional study utilizing the hospital's child protection team administrative database, the Pediatric Health Information System and the electronic health record to identify the study sample, chief complaint, and abuse-specific codes assigned in the ED and at hospital discharge. Abuse-specific codes were defined as all ICD-10-CM and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) codes included in the CDC syndromic definition, which was applied to the sample and its sensitivity determined. ResultsAmong the 550 abused patients identified, most were male (58.4 %), white (65.1 %), <2 years old (80.4 %), and had public insurance (81.6 %). When applying the CDC syndromic definition, only 11.6 % were identified as abused in the ED and 65.3 % were identified at hospital discharge. ConclusionsThe CDC syndrome surveillance definition lacks sensitivity in identifying abuse in the ED or at hospital discharge.

Relationship between Child Abuse and Delinquent Behavior in Male Adolescents Deprived of Liberty

A total of 425 young people between 12 and 18 years of age, deprived of liberty from different centers for adolescent offenders in Ecuador, were used. The level of abuse to which they had been subjected in childhood was evaluated, as well as the risk factors present in their history. The relationship between abuse, risk factors, and criminal behavior was analyzed. A high prevalence of the different types of abuse was found in the mean age of 15.03 years standard deviation (SD = 1.34). In addition, a relationship was discovered between the abuse suffered during childhood and the risk factors present in criminal behavior during adolescence, which was demonstrated in this article. The practical implications of these results are discussed, taking into consideration their relevance for prevention.

Global prevalence of physical and psychological child abuse during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundWith the onset of COVID-19, most countries issued lockdowns to prevent the spread of the virus globally and child abuse was concerned under such a closed circumstance. ObjectiveThis study aims to estimate the prevalence of physical and psychological child abuse during COVID-19 and moderating variables for those abuses. Participants and settingThe rates of child abuse reported in 10 studies encompassing 14,360 children were used, which were gathered through a systematic review. MethodsWe reviewed previous studies systematically for the appropriate data and conducted a meta-analysis. ResultsThe prevalence of physical child abuse is estimated at 18 % and that of psychological abuse is estimated at 39 %. Regarding the unemployment rate, it reveals a high correlation with physical abuse (b = 0.09; p < 0.05) but not with psychological one (b = 0.03; no. sig). ConclusionsTo prevent child abuse during the pandemic, it is suggested to minimize COVID-19-related economic damage to families and explore factors for reducing the gap between low and high-income countries.

Glimpsing the Iceberg: Parent-Child Physical Aggression and Abuse.

Despite evidence that parents' physical aggression abuse has long-lasting negative consequences, information about the true population prevalence of aggression and physical abuse is limited. We have even less information about how parental aggression and abuse vary by child age, parent gender, and how that aggression and abuse might be clustered within families. To address these gaps, an anonymous, computer-based assessment was administered to nearly 40,000 parents of more than 60,000 children in the United States Air Force, which included a detailed assessment on up to four minor children of aggression and its impact. The survey was the largest of its type ever conducted in the United States, allowing for stable, crossvalidated estimation of rates of both corporal punishment and physical abuse. Approximately 39% of children experienced corporal punishment, peaking at three years of age, and 7% experienced physical abuse, peaking at age six. About 45% of parents reported perpetrating corporal punishment and 8% abuse; these rates were higher in multi-child families and most often involved more than one child. Parent gender was not associated with physical aggression or abuse.

Elder abuse and life-course victimization in hospitalized older adults in Sweden: prevalence and associations with mental ill-health

BackgroundThe prevalence of elder abuse has only rarely been investigated in Sweden and never in a hospital setting. Therefore, the aims of this study were to: 1) Estimate the prevalence of elder abuse and life-course victimization among hospitalized older adults in Sweden, 2) Explore factors associated with elder abuse in the same sample, and 3) Explore the associations between life-course victimization and mental ill-health.MethodsThe study was conducted at a university hospital in Sweden. Adults over the age of 65 years admitted to a medical or geriatric acute care ward during spring 2018 were consecutively recruited. The participant rate was 44% (n = 135/306). Participants were assessed via a face-to-face interview about their experiences of elder abuse and abuse earlier in life. Mental ill-health was measured using a self-administered depression assessment (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), along with information about medications and diagnoses retrieved from medical records.ResultsAltogether, 40.7% (n = 55) of the participants reported some form of abusive experience during their life course. The prevalence of elder abuse was 17.8% (n = 24), and 58% (n = 14) of elder abuse victims also reported victimization earlier in life. Being abused before the age of 65 was the only background factor associated with elder abuse (OR = 5.4; 95% CI 1.9–15.7). Reporting abusive experiences both before and after the age of 65 was associated with current anti-depressant medication (OR = 6.6; 95% CI 1.1–39.2), a PHQ-9 result of 10 or more (OR = 10.4; 95% CI 2.1–51.0), and nine or more symptom diagnoses (OR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.0–16.1). Being abused only before or after the age of 65 was not significantly associated with any mental ill-health outcome measure.ConclusionsElder abuse and victimization earlier in life are highly prevalent among hospitalized older patients, and our findings underline the importance of a life-course perspective both in research on elder abuse and in clinical practice. Identifying and caring for older adults who have been subjected to abuse should be a priority in health care.

Prevalence of Substance Abuse among School Students in Muscat and Al-Mudhaibi in Sultanate of Oman: A Comparative Study

Madridge Nursing Journal is an excellent investment for nursing professional, hospitals, libraries, and academic institutes. This journal include general publications of interest to all those working in the nursing field. Reports of original work, research, reviews, and policy papers focusing on professional nursing are published.

Cesarean delivery using an ERAS-CD process for nonopioid anesthesia and analgesia drug/medication management.

Cesarean delivery (CD) is a surgical delivery of a neonate with surgical access through the maternal abdominal and uterine structures. The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is a standardized perioperative care program and surgery quality improvement process that has had global spread across numerous surgical disciplines. The medical and surgical use of opioids for pain management and the nonmedical opioid use, over the last three decades, have significantly increased the prevalence of abuse and addiction to opioids. This review summarizes pain, pregnancy substance use, and ERAS-directed analgesia and anesthesia for opioid use reduction or elimination in the operative and postoperative periods. Enhanced recovery (quality and safety) in the surgical CD context requires collaboration, consensus, and appropriate clinical prioritization to allow for the identification of 'the right patient, in the right clinical situation, with the right informed consent, and the right clinical care team and health system'.

Sexual behavior and drug use impact in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men

BackgroundThe emergence of chemsex has raised several concerns about gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men's (GBMSM) health. In this study we aim to analyze illicit drugs and chemsex use, sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in GBMSM who attended to a sexual health clinic and to explore any potential association between drug use and STI. MethodsWe conducted an observational study between January and June 2019 among GBMSM population attending to a STI clinic in Barcelona, Spain. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was given consecutively to all participants older than 18 years who accepted to participate. ResultsA total of 514 GBMSM (median age of 34 years-old) were included. The median number of sexual partners in the last year was 20. Seventy-one percent did not use condoms consistently for receptive anal intercourse. Drug abuse prevalence in the preceding year was 64.2%, and 26.5% of the individuals practiced chemsex. Gamma-hydroxibutyrate/gammabutyrolactone, poppers and methamphetamine were the most common drugs in chemsex. Chemsex was associated to group sex (OR 9.8 [95 CI: 4–24]), HIV infection (OR 2.5 [95 CI: 1.1–5.8]), taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (OR 3.2 [95 CI: 1.5–7.1]), developing gonorrhea (OR 3.7 [95 CI: 1.5–8.8]) or syphilis (OR 6.7 [95 CI: 2.4–18.7]). ConclusionsThe prevalence of drug use and chemsex was high among GBMSM in Barcelona. Chemsex was associated with group sex, taking PrEP, and contracting syphilis, gonorrhea, and HIV.

SEROPREVALENCE OF HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HCV, and Anti-HIV IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN AN AMATEM CLINIC IN EASTERN TURKIYE: A SIX-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION

Aim&#x0D; Substance abuse and concomitant infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Yet, the number of epidemiological studies regarding infectious diseases in people with substance abuse are limited in our country. In this study, the aim was to investigate the frequency of illegal alcohol and substance use in an Alcohol and Drug Research, Treatment and Training Centres (AMATEM) clinic in Turkey as well as the HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV parameters between the years of 2016-2021. &#x0D; Material and Method&#x0D; HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV tests were conducted using the ELISA technique in 6881 alcohol and substance use disorder (ASUD). Urine samples from ASUD’s were analyzed for alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine metabolites. The results were evaluated retrospectively. &#x0D; Results&#x0D; All of the 6881 ASUD’s were male with a mean age of 32.18±9.66 years. Of the 6881 ASUD’s included in the study, 4107 (59.7%) were opioid addicts; 1479 (21.5%) were mixed drug addicts; 897 (13%) were alcohol addicts; and the rest were addicts with other types of substance use. The mean age of the alcohol users was 45.33±13.03 and the mean age of opioid users was 29.90±7.13. The percentage of opioid addiction in 2016 was 71.2% which dropped to 28.7% in 2021. Meanwhile, the percentage of alcohol addiction was 13.6% in 2016 and increased to 21.4% in 2021; and the percentage of mixed drug use was 8.7% in 2016 and increased to 36.8% in 2021. HBsAg-positivity in opioid users (56.7%) was higher compared to cannabis users (2.6%) and mixed drug users (22.3%). Anti-HCV positivity of opioid users (69.4%) was found to be higher compared to alcohol (9.4%), cannabis (2%), and mixed drug (16.2%) users, and this finding was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Anti-HBs positivity of opioid users (63.1%) was found to be higher compared to alcohol (9.9%), cannabis (3%), and mixed drug (21%) users, and this finding was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Anti-HIV was determined negative in all ASUD’s. The highest rates of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HBs positivity were found in the 26-30 years of age. &#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; These findings indicate a high prevalence of intravenous substance abuse in the 26-30 years age group in our region as well as the high HBV and HCV rates in this patient group.

A chain multiple mediation model reveals the association between abuse and depression in Chinese adolescents.

Depression is a common mental disorder in Chinese adolescents. Identifying its risk factors will facilitate early prevention. As abuse is reported to be a great risk factor of depression, it is necessary to identify factors mediating the relation between abuse and depression. This study aims to investigate the association between abuse and depression by investigating the mediating role of academic stress, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety to offer insights for depression prevention. We investigated adolescents in urban and rural areas in Wansheng District of Chongqing city in China. This study included a total of 14,108 students from secondary and primary schools, among whom 7,086 were men (50.2%) and 7,022 were women (49.8%). The participants aged from 11 to 17 with an average age of 13.58 (M = 13.58, SD = 1.86). A questionnaire survey was conducted among the participants between October and December in 2020. The following questionnaires were adopted: DSM-5 Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents, DSM-5 Severity Measure for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, The International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool, DSM-5 Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia), and Study Stress Scale. The lifetime prevalence of abuse was high in Chinese adolescents. The direct effect value from abuse to depression was 0.05, the total mediating effect value was 0.14, and the overall effect value was 0.19. According to the mediating effect analysis, the direct and indirect effects from abuse to depression were significant, and the mediating effect accounted for 73.68% of the total effect, suggesting that 73.68% of the effects of abuse to depression are mediated by academic stress, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety. Academic stress, social anxiety and generalized anxiety play a chain multiple mediating role in the association between abuse and depression, which sheds light on the prevention of depression in the future.

Childhood neglect is associated with low affect and high stress in habitual alcohol drinkers.

Adverse childhood experiences, ranging from childhood trauma to neglect or mistreatment, show associations with alcohol dependence in adulthood. Alcohol researchers have not yet clearly demonstrated the potential impact of childhood maltreatment on everyday drinking in alcohol consumers who do not have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study examined whether a history of childhood neglect results in differential ratings of stress, affect, and desire to drink, during typical alcohol consumption in moderate to heavy drinkers without an AUD. The parent study from which these analyses were generated recruited overall healthy, albeit moderate to heavy alcohol users who fell above National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) classifications for low-risk drinking. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) responses were collected, and real-time surveys were collected in participants' natural environments approximately every three hours between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. using iPhones equipped with a study-created application probing stress, affect, and desire for alcohol, while participants followed their typical drinking routine (3 days) and during a brief period of imposed abstinence (3 days). Thirty-six participants averaging 41 years of age and consuming an average of 17 (±5) drinks per week participated in this study. CTQ responses showed low prevalence of childhood abuse, but moderate to high emotional (M = 17.39, SD = 6.77) and physical neglect (M = 11.11, SD = 3.31) scores. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher stress and lower affect ratings among participants reporting higher physical neglect. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with decreased stress, and increased affect and desire for alcohol. A significant interaction showed that as childhood physical neglect ratings increased, the benefits observed following drinking (of decreased stress, and increased affect and desire for alcohol) were reduced. These results suggest that moderate to heavy healthy daily drinkers with histories of greater childhood physical neglect experience poorer mood and higher stress on a daily basis, with smaller improvement experienced from drinking alcohol. Among moderate to heavy daily drinkers without an AUD, those with greater childhood physical neglect experience poorer mood and higher stress on a daily basis, and have smaller improvements in stress, affect and desire while/following drinking alcohol than those with less childhood physical neglect.