Pressure Recording Analytical Method Research Articles

Effect of Hemodynamic Monitoring Systems on Short-Term Outcomes after Living Donor Liver Transplantation.

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the pulse index continuous cardiac output and MostCare Pressure Recording Analytical Method hemodynamic monitoring systems on short-term graft and patient outcomes during living donor liver transplantation in adult patients. Materials and Methods: Overall, 163 adult patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation between January 2018 and March 2022 and met the study inclusion criteria were divided into two groups based on the hemodynamic monitoring systems used during surgery: the MostCare Pressure Recording Analytical Method group (n = 73) and the pulse index continuous cardiac output group (n = 90). The groups were compared with respect to preoperative clinicodemographic features (age, sex, body mass index, graft-to-recipient weight ratio, and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score), intraoperative clinical characteristics, and postoperative biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and platelet count). Results: There were no significant between-group differences with respect to recipient age, sex, body mass index, graft-to-recipient weight ratio, Child, Model for End-stage Liver Disease score, ejection fraction, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, surgery time, anhepatic phase, cold ischemia time, warm ischemia time, erythrocyte suspension use, human albumin use, crystalloid use, urine output, hospital stay, and intensive care unit stay. However, there was a significant difference in fresh frozen plasma use (p < 0.001) and platelet use (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The clinical and biochemical outcomes are not significantly different between pulse index continuous cardiac output and MostCare Pressure Recording Analytical Method as hemodynamic monitoring systems in living donor liver transplantation. However, the MostCare Pressure Recording Analytical Method is more economical and minimally invasive.

The Use of Pressure Recording Analytical Method in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Repair for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: The Impact on Clinical Decisions for the Appropriate Postoperative Setting and Cost-effective Analysis.

To analyze the use of the Pressure Recording Analytical Method (PRAM), an hemodynamic monitoring system, in evaluating intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic instability in patients undergoing endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm, and to evaluate if the decision to refer patients to a ordinary ward or to a Cardiac Step-Down Unit (CSDU) after the intervention on the basis of intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring could be more cost-effective. After preoperative clinical evaluation, 44 patients were divided in this non-randomised study into two groups according to their postoperative destination: Group 1-ward (N=22) and Group 2-CSDU (N=22). All patients underwent monitoring with PRAM during the intervention and in the 24 postoperative hours, measuring several indices of myocardial contractility and other hemodynamic variables. According to the variability of two parameters, Stroke Volume Variation and Pulse Pressure Variation, patients were classified as stable or unstable. Unstable patients showed a significant alteration in several hemodynamic indices, in comparison to stable ones. According to the intraoperative monitoring, eight high risk patients could have been sent to an ordinary ward due to their stability, with a reduction in the improper use of CSDU and, consequently, in costs. Hemodynamic monitoring with PRAM can be useful in these patients, both for intraoperative management and for the choice of the more appropriate postoperative setting, possibly reducing the improper use of CSDU for hemodynamically stable patients who are judged to be at high risk preoperatively, and re-evaluating low surgical risk patients with an unstable intraoperative pattern, with a possible reduction in costs.

Effect of the Duration of Restrictive Fluid Therapy on Acute Kidney Injury in Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy.

In robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), restrictive fluid therapy (RFT) is often utilized until the vesicourethral anastomosis (console period) is completed. RFT can cause acute kidney injury (AKI). Thus, RFT prolongation in surgeries that utilize the Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum may increase the risk of postoperative AKI. We aimed to evaluate the effect of RFT duration on postoperative AKI. Forty-four patients who underwent RALP were included in this prospective observational study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the RFT duration (Group I, RFT duration ≤ 3 h, and Group II, RFT duration >3 h). AKI was diagnosed and staged according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria (KDIGO) using patients' serum creatinine levels after the first 24 h postoperatively. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored using the pressure recording analytical method. The AKI incidence was significantly higher in Group II than in Group I (45.5% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.016). In both groups, all patients who developed AKI were KDIGO stage 1 and all recovered on the second postoperative day. At the end of the console period, the heart rate and arterial elastance were significantly higher, whereas the stroke volume index was significantly lower in Group II than in Group I (p = 0.041, p = 0.016, and p < 0.001, respectively). Although the amounts of fluid administered before and after the anastomosis were similar between the groups, the total amount of fluid administered was significantly different (p < 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between RFT duration and the total amount of fluid administered (r2 = 0.43, p < 0.001). RFT duration of >3 h, total fluid administration of ≤3.3 mL/kg/h, and stroke volume index (SVI) at the end of the console period of ≤32 mL/m2 increased the risk of AKI by 12.0 times (1.7-85.2) (p = 0.013). RFT prolongation in RALP may increase the risk of developing AKI.

Use of levosimendan in hemodynamic management of heart failure in two neonates with intracranial arteriovenous shunts: a case series

BackgroundThe hemodynamic status of newborns with intracranial arteriovenous shunts (AVSs) may be extremely complex. Mini-invasive hemodynamic monitoring through innovative techniques such as Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Pressure Recording Analytical Method (PRAM) may help in understanding hemodynamics in newborns with AVSs. Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer and inodilator, and it is known to improve ventricular function, but its use in newborns is limited. In our cases, we evaluated the effect of levosimendan on hemodynamics through NIRS and PRAM.Case presentationHerein, we report the cases of two neonates with intracranial arteriovenous shunts, in whom we used levosimendan to manage cardiac failure refractory to conventional treatment. Levosimendan was used at a dosage of 0.1 mcg/kg/min for 72 h. Combined use of NIRS and PRAM helped in real-time monitoring of hemodynamic effects; in particular, levosimendan determined significant improvement in myocardium contractility as well as a reduction of heart rate.ConclusionIn two neonatal cases of AVSs, levosimendan led to an overall hemodynamic stabilization, documented by the combination of NIRS and PRAM. Our results suggest introducing levosimendan as a second-line treatment in cases of severe cardiac dysfunction due to AVSs without improvement using standard treatment strategies. Future prospective and larger studies are highly warranted.

Comparision of cardiac output measured by transthoracic echocardiography with continuous cardiac output measured by pressure recording analytical method.

Low cardiac output is a common complication following cardiac surgery and it is associated with higher mortality in the pediatric population. A gold standard method for cardiac output (CO) monitoring in the pediatric population is lacking. The present study was conducted to validate cardiac output and cardiac index measured by transthoracic echocardiography and Pressure recording analytical method, a continuous pulse contour method, MostCareUp in postoperative pediatric cardiac surgical patients. This was a prospective observational clinical study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 23 pediatric patients weighed between 2 and 20 kg who had undergone elective cardiac surgery were included in the study. Spearman's correlation coefficient of CO between transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and Pressure Recording Analytical Method (PRAM) showed of positive correlation (r = 0.69, 95% Confidence interval 0.59-0.77, P < 0.0001) Linear regression equations for CO between TTE and PRAM were y = 0.55 + 0.88x (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.0001). (y = PRAM, x = TTE), respectively. Bland- Altman plot for CO between TTE and PRAM showed a bias of -0.397 with limits of the agreement being -2.01 to 1.22. Polar plot analysis showed an angular bias of 6.55° with radial limits of the agreement being -21.46 to 34.58 for CO and angular bias of 6.22° with radial limits of the agreement being -22.4 to 34.84 for CI. PRAM has shown good trending ability for cardiac output. However, values measured by PRAM are not interchangeable with the values measured by transthoracic echocardiography.

Experimental evaluation of a pressure recording analytical method (PRAM), a pulse contour analysis method, for monitoring cardiac output in dogs

Introduction: The PRAM has been evaluated in dogs under steady-state hemodynamic conditions, and this study evaluated PRAM under dynamic circulatory conditions, created by infusion of sympathomimetic drugs.

The predictive value of pressure recording analytical method for the duration of mechanical ventilation in children undergoing cardiac surgery with an XGBoost-based machine learning model.

Prolonged mechanical ventilation in children undergoing cardiac surgery is related to the decrease in cardiac output. The pressure recording analytical method (PRAM) is a minimally invasive system for continuous hemodynamic monitoring. To evaluate the postoperative prognosis, our study explored the predictive value of hemodynamic management for the duration of mechanical ventilation (DMV). This retrospective study included 60 infants who underwent cardiac surgery. Cardiac index (CI), the maximal slope of systolic upstroke (dp/dtmax), and cardiac cycle efficiency (CCE) derived from PRAM were documented in each patient 0, 4, 8, and 12 h (T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively) after their admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). A linear mixed model was used to deal with the hemodynamic data. Correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and a XGBoost machine learning model were used to find the key factors for prediction. Linear mixed model revealed time and group effect in CI and dp/dtmax. Prolonged DMV also have negative correlations with age, weight, CI at and dp/dtmax at T2. dp/dtmax outweighing CI was the strongest predictor (AUC of ROC: 0.978 vs. 0.811, p < 0.01). The machine learning model suggested that dp/dtmax at T2 ≤ 1.049 or < 1.049 in combination with CI at T0 ≤ 2.0 or >2.0 can predict whether prolonged DMV (AUC of ROC = 0.856). Cardiac dysfunction is associated with a prolonged DMV with hemodynamic evidence. CI measured by PRAM immediately after ICU admission and dp/dtmax 8h later are two key factors in predicting prolonged DMV.

Pulse Wave Analysis Using the Pressure Recording Analytical Method to Measure Cardiac Output in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Method Comparison Study Using Transesophageal Doppler Echocardiography as Reference Method.

Cardiac output (CO) is a key determinant of oxygen delivery, but choosing the optimal method to obtain CO in pediatric patients remains challenging. The pressure recording analytical method (PRAM), implemented in the MostCareUp system (Vygon), is an invasive uncalibrated pulse wave analysis (PWA) method to measure CO. The objective of this study is to compare CO measured by PRAM (PRAM-CO; test method) with CO simultaneously measured by transesophageal Doppler echocardiography (TEE-CO; reference method) in pediatric patients. In this prospective observational method comparison study, PRAM-CO and TEE-CO were assessed in pediatric elective cardiac surgery patients at 2 time points: after anesthesia induction and after surgery. The study was performed in a German university medical center from March 2019 to March 2020. We included pediatric patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery with arterial catheter and TEE monitoring. PRAM-CO and TEE-CO were compared using Bland-Altman analysis accounting for repeated measurements per subject, and the percentage error (PE). We included 52 PRAM-CO and TEE-CO measurement pairs of 30 patients in the final analysis. Mean ± SD TEE-CO was 2.15 ± 1.31 L/min (range 0.55-6.07 L/min), and mean PRAM-CO was 2.21 ± 1.38 L/min (range 0.55-5.90 L/min). The mean of the differences between TEE-CO and PRAM-CO was -0.06 ±0.38 L/min with 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.82 L/min) to -0.80 L/min (95% CI, -1.00 to -0.57 L/min). The resulting PE was 34% (95% CI, 27%-41%). With a PE of <45%, PRAM-CO shows clinically acceptable agreement with TEE-CO in hemodynamically stable pediatric patients before and after cardiac surgery.

Contemporary Trends and Risk Factors of Hemodynamic and Myocardial Mechanics Derived by the Pressure Recording Analytical Method After Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Objective: Adverse factors of postoperative hemodynamic and myocardial performance remain largely unexplored in children with congenital heart disease following cardiopulmonary bypass due to technical limitations. Pressure recording analytical method (PRAM) is a continuous hemodynamic and myocardial performance monitoring technique based on beat-to-beat arterial pressure waveform. Using PRAM, we examined the temporal trends and adverse factors, in clinical management, of these performances.Methods: We monitored blood pressure, cardiac index, cardiac cycle efficiency (CCE), dP/dTmax, and systematic vascular resistance index in 91 children (aged 186 ± 256 days) during their first 48 h after cardiopulmonary bypass. Above parameters, inotropic and vasoactive drug dosages, and serum lactate were recorded 3-hourly. NT-proBNP was measured daily.Results: CCE and dP/dTmax gradually increased (Ps < 0.0001), while systematic vascular resistance index, diastolic blood pressure and inotrope dosages decreased (Ps < 0.0001) over time. Cardiac index, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate did not change significantly (Ps ≥ 0.231). Patients undergoing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest had significantly higher heart rate and lower CCE (Ps ≤ 0.006) over time. Multivariate analyses indicated that epinephrine dose significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure, cardiac index, CCE, and dP/dTmax after polynomial transformation, with the peak ranging from 0.075 to 0.097.Conclusions: Systemic hemodynamic and myocardial performance gradually improved in the first 48 h after cardiopulmonary bypass without the “classic” nadir at 9–12 h. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and higher epinephrine doses were adversely associated with these performances. CCE, rather than cardiac index or other common-used parameters, was the most sensitive and consistent indicator.

Hemodynamic outcome of different ventilation modes in laparoscopic surgery with exaggerated trendelenburg: a randomised controlled trial

PurposeTo compare hemodynamic effects of two different modes of ventilation (volume-controlled and pressure-controlled volume guaranteed) in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecology surgeries with exaggerated Trendelenburg position. MethodsThirty patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecology operations were ventilated using either volume-controlled (Group VC) or pressure-controlled volume guaranteed mode (Group PCVG) (n = 15 for both groups). Hemodynamic variables were measured using Pressure Recording Analytical Method by radial artery cannulation in addition to peak and mean airway pressures and expired tidal volume. ResultsThe only remarkable finding was a more stable cardiac index in Group PCVG, where other hemodynamic parameters were similar. Expired tidal volume increased in Group VC while peak airway pressure was lower in Group PCVG. ConclusionPCV-VG causes less hemodynamic perturbations as measured by Pressure Recording Analytical Method (PRAM) and allows better intraoperative hemodynamic control in exaggerated Trendelenburg position in laparoscopic surgery.

Dynamic arterial elastance measured with pressure recording analytical method, and mean arterial pressure responsiveness in hypotensive preload dependent patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A prospective cohort study.

Organ perfusion is a factor of cardiac output and perfusion pressure. Recent evidence shows that dynamic arterial elastance is a reliable index of the interaction between the left ventricle and the arterial system and, in turn, of left ventricular mechanical efficiency. A practical approach to the assessment of dynamic arterial elastance at the bedside is the ratio between pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation, which might predict the effect of a fluid challenge on the arterial pressure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. To evaluate the ability of dynamic arterial elastance, measured by the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM), to predict the response of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to a fluid challenge. Prospective observational study. Cardiac surgery patients in a university hospital. Preload-dependent (pulse pressure variation ≥13%), hypotensive (MAP ≤65 mmHg) patients, without right ventricular dysfunction, at the end of cardiac surgery. A 250 ml fluid challenge infused over 3 min. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was generated to test the ability of the baseline (before fluid challenge) dynamic arterial elastance (primary endpoint) and all other haemodynamic variables (secondary endpoint) to predict MAP responsiveness (≥10% increase in MAP) after a fluid challenge. Of 270 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, 97 (35.9%) were preload-dependent, hypotensive and received a fluid challenge. Of these 97 patients, 50 (51%) were MAP responders (≥10% increase in MAP) and 47 (48%) were MAP nonresponders (<10% increase in MAP). Baseline dynamic arterial elastance (mean ± SD) had an area under the curve of 0.64 ± 0.06 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53 to 0.73; P = 0.017]. A dynamic arterial elastance at least 1.07 with a grey zone ranging between 0.9 and 1.5 had 86% sensitivity (95% CI, 73 to 94) and 45% specificity (95% CI, 30 to 60) in predicting MAP increase. In a hypotensive preload-dependent cardiac surgery cohort without right ventricular dysfunction, dynamic arterial elastance measured by PRAM can predict pressure response for values greater than 1.5 or less than 0.9.

Continuous cardiovascular hemodynamics monitoring with pressure recording analytical method in patients under spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section: a pilot study.

Pressure recording analytical method (PRAM) of MOSTCARE is a minimally invasive system based on mathematical analysis of arterial pressure profile changes and allows continuous recording of hemodynamic measurements. Herein, we aimed to use the MostCare system to investigate the hemodynamics of patients receiving spinal anesthesia during elective cesarean section. In this observational study, we recruited 17 patients scheduled for elective cesarean section. For each patient, we acquired continuous recordings of hemodynamic parameters at 14 key timepoints: surgical admission (two baseline parameters), immediately after the administration of spinal anesthesia, six subsequent time points (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 min after anesthesia), during peritoneum and uterine incision, during delivery, following the administration of oxytocin, and after surgery had been completed. Statistical analysis was carried out by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). During a twelve min period after spinal anesthesia, we observed significant reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP), dicrotic pressure (Pdic), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI), dP/dtmax, and cardiac cycle efficiency (CCE) (P<0.05 for all). However, systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) was reversely correlated to CI and increased significantly after spinal anesthesia (P<0.05). These hemodynamic parameters return to near basal values after peritoneum incision. Furthermore, there were significant fluctuations in MAP, Pdic and CI after oxytocin administration (P<0.05). PRAM of MostCare system revealed significant changes in key hemodynamic parameters undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. It enables clinicians gain a much better understanding of hemodynamics of parturients and optimize clinical management strategies. This study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn on 16, July, 2019. No. ChiCTR1900024566.

Cardiac Output Measurement With Echocardiography and Pressure Recording Analytical Method in Pediatric Patients Admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Assessment of Bias Between the Two Methods

This study aimed to compare, in a cohort of critically ill children with biventricular anatomy and no cardiovascular shunt, cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI) assessed by echocardiography and a continuous pulse-contour method, MostCareUP, to measure the differences between these techniques (biasCO and biasCI), and their association with clinical variables. Retrospective study. Tertiary pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Children admitted to the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit who underwent echocardiography with CO measurement. None. Thirty-five patients were included. BiasCO was -0.02 (0.26) L/min (percentage error 36%). BiasCI was 0.07 (0.34) L/min/m2 (percentage error 18%). Biases and percentage errors were higher in 24 nonsupervised echocardiographies. A negative biasCO (overestimation by MostCareUP) was associated with post-surgical status (v cardiomyopathy), higher systolic arterial pressure, and spontaneous breathing (v intubation). When only absolute values were considered, biasCONONEG correlated with age, weight, arterial pressure, and heart rate, whereas biasCINONEG was associated with a femoral arterial cannula, no use of inotropes, and the absence of mechanical ventilation. After adjustment, biasCONONEG remained independently associated with patients' body weight(p = 0.0001). BiasCINONEG showed a nonlinear relationship with weight below 20 kg and above 40 kg. Children with extreme low or high weights, those who are extubated, and those with a femoral cannula carry the highest bias. When younger patients are considered, CI should be evaluated instead of CO, because biases are better highlighted by indexing data on body surface area. In children, both echocardiography and MostCareUP may be responsible of inaccurate CO/CI assessment.

Cathodic-anodal left ventricular stimulation during cardiac resynchronization therapy: haemodynamic evaluation and electrocardiographic analysis

Abstract Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, one third of patients are “non responders”. Cathodic-anodal (CA) left ventricle (LV) capture is a multisite pacing occurring during CRT using both bipolar and quadripolar LV lead. It allows depolarization to arise simultaneously from the cathode and the anode of the bipole located on the LV epicardium, activating a larger volume of myocardium than cathodal pacing alone, thus potentially improving electromechanical synchrony (figure 1). We have previously proven that CA-LV stimulation is feasible and similar to bicathodic multipoint pacing (MPP) in terms of QRS wavefront activation. Purpose We aimed to evaluate both the acute intraprocedural haemodynamic and electrical effects of CA biventricular stimulation (CA-BS), comparing it with right-ventricle only pacing (Right Ventricle-Stimulation: RV-S), single-point CRT (Single Point-Biventricular Stimulation: SP-BS) and multipoint bicathodic biventricular stimulation (Multi Point-Biventricular Stimulation:MP-BS) in de novo CRT implants. Methods Ten patients candidates to CRT (LV ejection fraction ≤35% and left bundle branch block) received a quadripolar LV lead. Four pacing configurations were tested: RV-S, SP-BS, MP-BS and CA-BS, where cathode and the anode were the same electrodes used as cathodes in MP-BS. QRS duration by 12-lead ECG was defined as the time from the earliest ventricular deflection until the return to the isoelectric line. Haemodynamic assessment by radial artery catheterization using Pressure Recording Analytical Method processed the following parameters: dP/dT max (mmHg/msec), systolic arterial pressure (aPsys, mmHg), diastolic arterial pressure (aPdia, mmHg), mean arterial pressure (aPmean, mmHg), Cardiac Index (CI, l/min/m2), Stroke Volume Index (SVI, ml/min/m2). Results dP/dT max and aPmean increased significantly from RV-S to SP-BS (mean dP/dT max 0,82±0,28 versus 0,87±0,29 mmHg/msec, p=0,02; mean aPmean 89±19 versus 93±20 mmHg, p=0,01), but not from RV-S to MP-BS. Comparing RV-S to CA-BS, only aPmean exhibited a significant increase (mean aPmean 89±19 versus 92±20 mmHg, p=0,01). There were no haemodynamic differences between SP-BS, MP-BS and CA-BS. QRS duration reduced significantly from RV-S (167±10 msec) to each biventricular stimulation (135±14 msec, p=0,0002 for SP-BS; 130±17 msec, p=0,0001 for MP-BS; 129±18 msec, p=0,0002 for CA-BS) and from SP-BS to MP-BS and CA-BS (p=0,03 for both), whereas there were no difference comparing MP-BS and CA-BS. Conclusions CA-LV stimulation is not superior to single-point CRT in terms of acute haemodynamic performance, whereas it reduces the duration of ventricular electrical activation, showing an electrohaemodynamic mismatch. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate if acute electrical benefits of CA stimulation can predict chronic benefits, in terms of reverse cardiac remodelling. Cathodic-anodal left ventricular capture Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Prognostic value of cardiac cycle efficiency in children undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study

BackgroundCardiac cycle efficiency (CCE) derived from a pressure-recording analytical method is a unique parameter to assess haemodynamic performance from an energetic view. This study investigated changes of CCE according to an anatomical diagnosis group, and its association with early postoperative outcomes in children undergoing cardiac surgery. MethodsNinety children were included with a ventricular septal defect (VSD; n=30), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF; n=40), or total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC; n=20). CCE along with other haemodynamic parameters, was recorded from anaesthesia induction until 48 h post-surgery. Predictive CCE (CCEp) was defined as the average of CCE at post-modified ultrafiltration and CCE at the end of surgery. The relationship between CCE and early outcomes was assessed by the comparison between the high-CCEp group (CCEp ≥75th centile) and the low-CCEp group (CCEp ≤25th centile). ResultsThere was a significant time × diagnostic group interaction effect in the trend of CCE. Compared with the high-CCEp group (n=23), the low-CCEp group (n=22) required more inotropics post-surgery, had higher lactate concentrations at 8 and 24 h post-surgery, a longer intubation time and longer ICU stay, and higher frequency of peritoneal fluid. ConclusionsPerioperative changes of CCE vary according to anatomical diagnosis in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Children with TOF have an unfavourable trend of CCE compared with children with VSD or TAPVC. A decline in CCE is associated with adverse early postoperative outcomes. Clinical trial registrationChiCTR1800014996.

Cardiac output estimation by pulse wave analysis using the pressure recording analytical method and intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution: A method comparison study after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

Invasive pulse wave analysis is used in peri-operative settings to estimate cardiac output (CO). The 'pressure recording analytical method' (PRAM) implemented in the MostCareUp CO monitor is an invasive pulse wave analysis method using high-frequency sampling and analysis of the pulse wave to directly estimate the arterial impedance as a key variable of the proprietary CO estimation algorithm. To compare CO estimated by PRAM (PRAM-CO; test method) with CO measured by pulmonary artery thermodilution (PATD-CO; reference method). Prospective observational method comparison study. PRAM-CO and PATD-CO were assessed simultaneously at five time points with at least 20 min between measurements. Arterial pressure waveforms were carefully checked for damping artefacts and a proprietary electronic filter of the MostCareUp CO monitor was used to optimise waveform quality. ICU of a German university hospital from August 2018 until April 2019. We included adult patients admitted to the ICU after elective off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery who were monitored with a radial arterial catheter and a pulmonary artery catheter. Patients with severe heart valve insufficiency or persistent arrhythmia were excluded. PATD-CO and PRAM-CO were compared using Bland-Altman analysis accounting for repeated measurements, the percentage error and trending analysis (four-quadrant plot, concordance rate). We analysed 195 paired CO values of 41 patients. Mean PATD-CO and PRAM-CO were 4.99 ± 1.02 and 4.92 ± 1.05 l min, respectively. PATD-CO and PRAM-CO ranged from 3.04 to 8.74 and 2.79 to 8.01 l min, respectively. The mean of the differences between PATD-CO and PRAM-CO was -0.08 ± 0.74 l min with 95% limits of agreement of -1.55 to +1.40 l min. The percentage error was 29.8%. The concordance rate in four-quadrant plot analysis was 92%. Using the system's electronic waveform filter PRAM-CO shows good agreement and trending ability compared with PATD-CO in adults after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

Six-month prognostic impact of hemodynamic profiling by short minimally invasive monitoring after cardiac surgery.

Introduction: Studies have shown that a hemodynamic-guided therapy improves the post operative outcomes of high-risk patients.This study, evaluated if a short period through minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring, pressure recording analytical method (PRAM), on admission to a post-cardiac surgery step-down unit (SDU), may identify patients at higher risk of 6-month adverse events after cardiac surgery. Methods: From December 2016-May 2017,173 patients were admitted in SDU within 24-48 hours of major cardiac surgery procedure, and submitted to clinical, laboratoristic and echocardiographic evaluation and a 1-hour PRAM recording to obtain a "biohumoral snapshot" of individual patient’s.156 173 patients (17 patients were lost at follow-up) were phone interviewed six months after surgery,to evaluate, as a composite end-point, the adverse events during follow-up. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify a model clinical-biohumoral (CBM) and clinical-biohumoral hemodynamics (CBHM). Results: No data from past clinical history and no conventional risk score (EuroScore II, STS score)independently predicted the risk of 6-month major events in our study. The risk of adverse events at six-month follow-up was directly related, in the CBM, to sustained post-operative cardiac arrhythmias, higher values of NT-proBNP and of arterial pH; inversely related to values of hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and, in the CBHM, to low values of cardiac cycle efficiency (CCE) and dP/dtmax. Conclusion: Our study although limited by its observational nature and by the limited number of patients enrolled, showed that a short period of minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring increased the accuracy to identify patients at major risk of mid-term events after cardiac surgery.

Estimation of central arterial pressure from the radial artery in patients undergoing invasive neuroradiological procedures

BackgroundsCentral arterial pressure can be derived from analysis of the peripheral artery waveform. The aim of this study was to compare central arterial pressures measured from an intra-aortic catheter with peripheral radial arterial pressures and with central arterial pressures estimated from the peripheral pressure wave using a pressure recording analytical method (PRAM).MethodsWe studied 21 patients undergoing digital subtraction cerebral angiography under local or general anesthesia and equipped with a radial arterial catheter. A second catheter was placed in the ascending aorta for central pressure wave acquisition. Central (AO) and peripheral (RA) arterial waveforms were recorded simultaneously by PRAM for 90–180 s. During an off-line analysis, AO pressures were reconstructed (AOrec) from the RA trace using a mathematical model obtained by multi-linear regression analysis. The AOrec values obtained by PRAM were compared with the true central pressure value obtained from the catheter placed in the ascending aorta.ResultsSystolic, diastolic and mean pressures ranged from 79 to 180 mmHg, 47 to 102 mmHg, and 58 to 128 mmHg, respectively, for AO, and 83 to 174 mmHg, 47 to 107 mmHg, and 60 to 129 mmHg, respectively, for RA. The correlation coefficients between AO and RA were 0.86 (p < 0.01), 0.83 (p < 0.01) and 0.86 (p < 0.01) for systolic, diastolic and mean pressures, respectively, and the mean differences − 0.3 mmHg, 2.4 mmHg and 1.5 mmHg. The correlation coefficients between AO and AOrec were 0.92 (p < 0.001), 0.87 (p < 0.001) and 0.92 (p < 0.001), for systolic, diastolic and mean pressures, respectively, and the mean differences 0.01 mmHg, 1.8 mmHg and 1.2 mmHg.ConclusionsPRAM can provide reliable estimates of central arterial pressure.

Comparison by Real-Time Hemodynamic and Cardiac Efficiency Monitoring of Sufentanil-Midazolam and Sevoflurane for Anesthesia Induction in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study

Background Intravenous sufentanil-midazolam and inhalational sevoflurane are widely used for anesthetic induction in children undergoing cardiac surgery. However, knowledge about their effects on hemodynamics and cardiac efficiency remains limited due largely to the lack of direct monitoring method. We used minimally invasive technique pressure recording analytical method (PRAM) to directly monitor hemodynamics and cardiac efficiency and compared the effects of the two anesthetic regimens in children undergoing ventricular septal defect repair. Methods Forty-Four children (2.3±0.9 years) were randomly divided into two groups to receive either intravenous sufentanil (1 μg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) (Group SM) or 2.0 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane (Group S) to complete induction after sedation was obtained with 2.0 MAC sevoflurane. Systemic hemodynamic data recorded by PRAM included heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and mean (MBP) blood pressure, stroke volume index (SVI), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), the maximal slope of systolic upstroke (dp/dtmax) and cardiac cycle efficiency (CCE) after sedation obtained, 1, 2, 5 min after induction achieved, 1, 2, 5 and 10 min after intubation. Results HR, SVRI showed a decrease in Group SM but an increase in Group S (Ptime*group<0.0001) in the study period. SVI and CCE showed an increase in Group SM but a decrease in Group S (Ptime*group<0.0001). SBP, MBP and CI were related to time after polynomial transformation, and showed an increase after intubation in Group SM but a decrease in Group S (Ptime2*group<0.0001). Conclusion PRAM provides meaningful and direct monitoring of hemodynamics and cardiac efficiency during the dynamic period of anesthetic induction in children undergoing cardiac surgery. As compared to inhalational sevoflurane, intravenous sufentanil-midazolam exerts more favorable effects on systemic hemodynamics and cardiac efficiency during anesthetic induction in this group of patients.

Hemodynamic monitoring by pulse contour analysis during trans-catheter aortic valve replacement: A fast and easy method to optimize procedure results.

Residual aortic regurgitation (AR) complicates a not negligible number of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures, and its entity is not always clear at intraprocedural angiographic and echocardiographic control. We applied a minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring system (Pressure Recording Analytical Method, PRAM) in the setting of TAVR, with the aim of identifying parameters that may help in detection and quantification of residual AR. We performed hemodynamic monitoring with PRAM in 43 patients undergoing trans-femoral TAVR. Investigated parameters were systolic (Psys, mm Hg), diastolic (Pdia, mm Hg), mean (MAP, mm Hg) and dicrotic pressure (Pdic, mm Hg), cardiac output (CO, L/min), stroke volume (SV, mL), cardiac cycle efficiency (CCE, Units), dP/dtmax_rad (mm Hg/ms), MAP-Pdic (mm Hg). Procedural success was achieved in 86% of the patients; vascular complications occurred in 3 (6.9%), death in 2 (4.7%). Twenty (46.5%) patients had at least mild residual AR. CO, SV, CCE and dP/dtmax_rad changed significantly (p < 0.001) between baseline and end of procedure in the overall population, with more evident modifications in the subgroup without residual AR. MAP-Pdic variations were statistically significant only in the subgroup without AR (p = 0.05). TAVR determined an improvement in hemodynamic parameters such as CO, SV, CCE, dP/dtmax_rad. MAP-Pdic was able to discriminate patients with significant residual AR. Hemodynamic monitoring with PRAM system during TAVR is easy and fast to obtain and may help in clinical decision-making in controversial cases.