Pre-sowing Treatment Research Articles

The Efficacy of Seed Pre-treatments with Exogenous Jasmonic Acid and Salicyclic Acid-T Tpathogen induced Stress in Mungbean Selected Genotypes in India

Our agriculture is threatened by resource depletion, biodiversity loss, and climate change. To increase crop productivity and sustainably to ensure food quality and safety, a new agricultural revolution is necessary. SA and JA were used to prime seeds can assist assure the long-term viability of agriculture. Seed elicitor priming is a potent method for altering the metabolic and signalling pathways in seeds, which has an impact on the whole plant life cycle, not only germination and seedling establishment. A few advantages include higher food nutritional quality, greater output, and improved plant growth and development. The effects of elicitor priming on metabolic pathways, the balance of reactive oxygen species, and plant growth hormones increase stress and disease tolerance while lowering the need for pesticides and fertilisers. To evaluate seed vigour, shoot weight, shoot height, and germination % were employed. Indicating that presowing treatments can have either positive or negative effects on seed vigour depending on the treatment dose, the use of SA and JA in combination as an elicitor had a marginally advantageous effect on seed vigour. To determine their effects and the ideal seed priming dosage, more study is required.

Biologization of potato cultivation technology

In biologized agricultural production, along with minimized fertilizers, growth activators are widely used. The article analyzes experimental data on potato cultivation using such preparations. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of copper nanoparticles and liquid-phase biopreparation on the phenology and yield of potatoes in the conditions of lysimetric experiment. The research results showed that pre-sowing treatment of seed tubers with growth activators had a positive effect on linear indicators, heat resistance of plants, increasing it by 16.7-50.0% compared to the control, as well as yield (the increase was 8.6-54.8 t/ha). It is shown that the best effect is obtained by the combined use of copper nanoparticles and 1% liquid-phase biological product.

Improvement of valuable signs by using “Zerox” immunostimulant in cotton

The article provides data that the depth of groundwater located at 2-2.5 m above sea level in the moderately saline meadow-alluvial soil of the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is applied in agriculture immunostimulant contact and triple action - “Zerox” norms (1 - 2 - 3 l / t; 1 - 2 - 3 l / ha + surfactant 0.15 l / ha) and terms (in pre-sowing treatment of seeds, in the appearance of 2-4 true leaves, budding and flowering) of cotton vegetation , and in various densities (80-90; 100-110; 120-130 thousand pcs. bush / ha) standing, the highest yield (52.5 c / ha) and quality (fiber length 35.3 mm; fiber yield - 40% and 22.6% oil content) fiber and seed oil content were obtained when using Zerox at 2 l / t; 2l / ha + surfactant 0.15 l / ha at a plant density of 80-90 thousand pcs. bush / ha, which leads to high economic efficiency, the share of the first harvest (28.7%) and the constituent crop additives (by 11.7 c / ha), the quality (1.1 mm; 2.5%) of the fiber and oil content of seeds (1.5%) more than the control variant.

Study of regulatory conditions for electrochemical water purification and the composition of microelements in it

The research consists of selecting the most optimal water sample for the purpose of electrochemical activation of water and the composition of microelements in it, electrochemical activation of the selected sample, as well as studying the effect of pre-sowing treatment of melons with microelements of various concentrations on their germination in laboratory conditions.

Комплексные полимерные препараты для защиты семян зерновых культур сельскохозяйственных растений

Pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cultivated plants with agrochemicals can significantly reduce crop losses. A promising technology for increasing the yield of spring crops in arid zones characterized by moisture deficiency in the summer is winter sowing. However, this method carries the risk of large losses as a result of premature germination of grain in the event of prolonged positive temperatures in the fall or severe thaws. Special grain processing chemicals can prevent such losses. Complex polymer preparations have been developed to protect grain seeds from premature germination and damage by phytopathogens. It has been shown that compositions based on polyvinyl acetate dispersions and polyacrylamide most effectively prevent premature germination of barley grains. At the same time, treatment with a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylate significantly reduced plant germination. It has been shown that when barley grains are treated with compositions based on polysaccharides with a fungicidal preparation, fungal infection is completely absent, and there is no significant inhibition of seed germination. This composition for treatment against fungal spoilage of grain and seedlings seems promising for practical use.

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on seed germination and subsequent growth of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. seedlings in Middle Ural introduction

The influence of pre-sowing treatment of holy thistle seeds (Silybum marianum) by hydrostatic pressure (from 10 to 200 MPa) on the dynamics of the emergence of seedlings and the subsequent development of seedlings in the open ground in the Middle Urals has been studied. It is shown that the treatment of seeds with a pressure of 10 MPa during their subsequent sowing a day later (after drying) provided good germination and accelerated the passage of all stages of the ontogenesis of holy thistle plants in the dry growing season of 2021. At the same time, earlier and more friendly maturation of seeds was observed in comparison with the control group of plants. Under more favourable weather conditions in 2022, holy thistle seeds after the same pressure treatment (10MPa) and drying showed very good field germination (76%), a high rate of ontogenesis of seedlings similar to the reference and the best development of generative structures.

Optimization of the Pre-Sowing Treatment of Soybeans in the Conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Optimization of the Pre-Sowing Treatment of Soybeans in the Conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The effect of natural biostimulants on a productivity of different varieties of chickpea

The effect of biostimulants Agrimitin and Bacterial Melanin on winter variety Karin, spring varieties Anush and Leninakan 313 varieties of chickpea under the conditions of Armavir region of the Ararat valley, was studied. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biostimulants was carried out with Agrimitin 2.5 nmol. - 12 and Bacterial Melanin 0.035% - 24 hours’ exposures, respectively. The field experiments were carried out with three repetitions, in 25m2 test plots, with a sowing rate of 500 thousand seeds/ha. The results of the study show that biostimulants improved the structural elements and productivity indicators of the chickpea crop, which contributed to the increase in yield. In the Agrimitin-treated version of the Karin variety, biological and actual yield indicators exceeded the control by 6.9 and 4.8 t/ha. The Agrimitin preparation compare with Bacterial Melanin for all varieties displayed a highest result. Among the tested varieties, the winter variety Karin provided an unprecedentedly high seed yield.

Field germination of seeds depending on laboratory and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biological preparations

Field germination of seeds depending on laboratory and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biological preparations

Application of electrical technologies to increase the productivity of cucumber in protected ground structures

The rationale for the need to improve greenhouse complexes using energy-saving technologies for growing vegetable products, including cucumber, is presented. The purpose of the work is to justify the use of modern electrical technologies in protected ground structures to increase the productivity of cucumber. Based on the objectives of the study, the following tasks were identified: analysis of the operating modes of electrical equipment to identify ways to increase its productivity and reduce energy costs in the production of cucumbers on protected lands, significantly increase the efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of cucumber seeds by developing a system for automatic stabilization of the ultraviolet radiation dose. Energy requirements are related to the strategic choice of producers in relation to the structure, greenhouse and climate equipment used, such as ventilation systems, cooling, heating, as well as cultivation and adaptation methods. The search for new and efficient electrical technologies is becoming an urgent research aimed at optimizing the entire technological cycle and all stages of obtaining a high and high-quality crop. Including: 3D light surveillance models affecting the angle of the roof of the greenhouse in the direction, as well as this approach allows the greenhouse to receive 25% more natural light in the winter months, saving up to 15% energy; two new sensors will be tested to measure the true photosynthesis of crops; existing LED lighting has achieved an energy efficiency increase of about 40% in both summer and winter.

Comparative study of symbiotic activity of legumes when using Risotorphin and Epin-extra.

In a vegetation experiment with soybean plants of the Svapa and Mageva varieties and in a field experiment with bean plants of the Geliada and Shokoladnitsa varieties, we studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of the seeds of these plants with Rizotorfin and Epin-extra on the nitrogenase activity of the nodules of these plants and their ultrastructure. Analysis of the ultrastructure of the nodule tissue of beans and soybeans was carried out in the flowering phase. It was found that the highest indices of the mass and number of nodules and the activity of nitrogenase in them were found in bean plants of the Heliada cultivar when the seeds were treated with Epin-extra against the background of inoculation with Rizotorfin, where the largest area of symbiosomes, volutin and their number was noted in the nodules. Beans of the Shokoladnitsa variety showed the protective effect of Rizotorfin. In the nodules of soybean plants of the Svapa variety, the seeds of which were treated with Epin-extra against the background of inoculation with Rizotorfin, the presence of a large number of symbiosomes, bacteroids, volutin inclusions with a larger area and a minimum number of inclusions of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) was noted, and the highest indicators of symbiotic activity. Soybean plants of the Mageva variety showed the protective effect of Rizotorfin. The efficiency of the symbiotic system was determined by the number and weight of nodules and the activity of the nitrogenase enzyme.

Results of germination of winter wheat, oats and mung bean using new energized fertilizer (GVG)

A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of a new complex energized fertilizer (GVG) based on natural raw materials - alkaline salts of naphthenic acids on germination and germination energy, seeds of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) of Tanya variety, oats (Avena sativa L.) of Valdin765 variety and legume mung bean (Vigna radiata) of Tajiksky 1 variety. On the seventh day of germination of winter wheat in the experimental variant, the length of the seedlings exceeded the control variant by 28.0%. In oats, the length of sprouts in the experimental variant is 23.6% longer than in the control variant. In the experimental group, mung bean sprouts were 13.4% longer than the control. Due to the fact that the new energized fertilizers (GVG) include a large number of microelements necessary for the full development of plants (Na, Cu, Mg, Ca, Zn, Al, Si, Ti, Pb, Sn, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), seeds of these crops treated with GVG solution showed better results compared to the control. This study allows us to assert that it is advisable to use the new energized fertilizer in production in the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of various crops in order to increase their yield.

Фотосинтетическая деятельность сортов нута в поливных условиях равнинного Дагестана в зависимости от применяемых агроприемов

In the conditions of the Tersk – Sulak subprovincion of the Republic of Dagestan in the period from 2019 to 2021, field experiments were laid. The purpose of the research is to develop an optimal irrigation regime, as well as to identify the effectiveness of the use of the Albit growth regulator on crops of chickpea varieties Volgogradsky 10 (standard), Privo 1, Vega. As a result, it was found that the maximum leaf area on average for the studied varieties was observed under the irrigation regime, which provides for vegetation irrigation with a decrease in the pre-irrigation moisture threshold to 80% HB- 23.9 thousand m2/ha. This is more than the data of the control variant (60% HB) by 10.1%, and the variant with a pre-watering moisture threshold of 70% HB, by 5.3%. Under the irrigation regime with a threshold of 70% HB, the leaf surface was 22.7 thousand m2/ha, the excess with control was 4.6%. Approximately the same situation was also observed for other indicators of photosynthetic activity of varieties. Sufficiently high rates of photosynthetic activity of the varieties were noted during the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the growth regulator Albit. Among the chickpea varieties studied, the maximum values of leaf surface area and net photosynthesis productivity were formed by the Vega variety. The greatest productivity of the chickpea variety was formed on the variant with a pre-watering threshold of 80% HB. The difference in the yield of the above varieties, compared with the variants 60 and 70% HB, was 34.4; 31.7; 34.5 and 16.8; 15.1; 18.8%, respectively. Of the growth regulators used, Albite turned out to be preferred, and of the studied varieties, Vega.

EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF HUMIC PREPARATIONS IN FORMING THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT

The relevance of the use of nitrogen inhibitors is determined by three main aspects, namely, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizers and, therefore, the chemical load on the environment, increasing the yield of agricultural crops, and economic feasibility. There is some information about the positive effect of the combined use of a nitrogen inhibitor and fulvic acid preparations, but there is no data on the role of humic substances such as nitrogen inhibitors. The results of the research showed a significant impact of the use of humic preparations on the formation of the yield of winter wheat. The use of UltraBoost for seed for pre-sowing treatment in the amount of 1 kg/t of seeds contributed to an increase in productivity by 0.22–0.29 t/ha, which was 4.4–6.4%. The norm of 1 kg/ha ensured a statistically significant increase in yield by 5–7.9%, which was 0.23–0.4 t/ha. In the variants of the experiment with a rate of 3 l/ha, the increase was 8.8–11% or 0.38–0.51 t/ha. The use of UltraBoost for NH3 and pre-sowing seed treatment contributed to an increase in yield by 7.1–7.5%. The rate of UltraBoost for NH3 of 1 l/ha provided an increase in yield by 0.25–0.4 t/ha, which in relative terms amounted to 3.9–7%. Twice as much rate led to an increase in productivity by 0.31–0.69 t/ha or by 10.4%. The use of nitrogen inhibitor UltraBoost for NH3 leads to an increase in the content of total nitrogen in the soil. In the variants with the application of 1 l/ha, an increase in the content was noted on average by 2.06 g/m3, which was 14.3%, and in the case of application of 2 kg/ha, the content of total nitrogen in the soil was higher on average by 3.28%, which was 22.7%. The rate of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen in these variants was higher by 3.5–8.8%. In variants with a rate of 1 l/ha of UltraBoost for NH3, the content of total nitrogen increased by 11.5%, and on variants with a rate of 3 l/ha – by 12.7%. The similar trend was also noted for the content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen as the increase was 13.4 and 14.1%, respectively.

ПОСЕВНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА СЕМЯН ЛЮЦЕРНЫ С УЧЕТОМ ОЦЕНКИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БИОПРЕПАРАТОВ

Alfalfa (Medicago L.) is widely used throughout the world as a valuable fodder, leguminous crops. However in Kazakhstan there is not enough crop acreage for a number of reasons. Various agrotechnological methods have been developed to increase seed germination, productivity, crop quality, survival, and adaptation. One such method makes use of biological preparations. This article presents the results of studying the effects of pre-sowing treatment of alfalfa seeds on sowing qualities. Preparations used: BioSleep BW+Foliar, Orgamica S+Foliar, OrganitN+ OrganitP+ Biodux+Foliar and Foliar. Operating fluid consumption for treatment was 0.2 ml per 100 g. During the treatment, germination energy increased by 5-20%, laboratory germination by 4-13.5%, field germination by 1-10%. BioSleepBW+Foliar preparations showed the highest result in terms of germination energy – 75.3%.Laboratory and field germination are more effective in the variant with OrganitN+ OrganitP+Bidux+Foliar preparations – 84% and 50%, respectively.Thus, use of biological preparations significantly increases the germination energy, laboratory and field germination of alfalfa seeds.

Исследование наноразмерного порошка оксида железа в качестве биологически активного материала

A polydisperse nanopowder of iron oxide, consisting of hematite α-Fe2O3 and magnetite Fe3O4, was obtained by the method of solid-phase reduction of iron hydroxide Fe(OH)3. On the basis of the obtained iron oxide nanopowder, aqueous suspensions were prepared in the concentration range of 0.25 – 1.25 mg/l with a particle dispersion of 100 – 400 nm. To assess the biological activity of iron oxide nanopowder, pre-sowing treatment of corn seeds Zéa máys was carried out. It has been established that the treatment with nanoparticles has a stimulating effect on the development of the plant organism, making it possible to achieve an increase in germination by 15% and root mass by 23%. Determination of the quantitative content of iron in different parts of the plant was carried out using atomic emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy. It was shown that as a result of treatment of plants with iron nanoparticles, its accumulation in the root mass with subsequent redistribution to the leaves to stimulate the process of photosynthesis is observed.

Влияние минерального питания на развитие льна масличного по фазам роста в черноземной зоне Волго-Донского междуречья

With the growth of sown areas in the black earth zone of the Volgograd region, oil flax has become an alternative crop to sunflower, so it became necessary to study the technological methods of its cultivation in the conditions of the region's farms. The selection of modern highly productive flax varieties adapted to local soil and climatic conditions, new elements of cultivation technology, the use of highly effective herbicides, various forms, as well as the required doses of mineral fertilizers for planned yields, optimization of seeding rates are relevant at the present stage of development of agricultural production. Experiments with oil flax were laid in 2014-2016. on the southern black soil. In the experiment, the influence of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with disinfectants, with the introduction of specified doses of mineral fertilizers on the development of the crop by growth phases, as well as their influence on the structure of crop elements, was studied. The dynamics of the development of oil flax differed by years of research, development phases and depended on the forms of mineral fertilizers. So, in the “seedlings” phase, the indicators of the above-ground dry matter mass for three years on average in the control ranged from 0.05 to 0.07 t/ha, in variants with fertilizers from 0.07 to 0.14 t/ha. In the “herringbone” phase, the dry matter content increased by 2 times compared to the seedling phase, in the “budding” phase by 4.5 times, and in the “flowering” phase by 2.5 times in relation to the “budding” phase. Doses of mineral fertilizers influenced the structure of the crop, increasing the number of stems per 1 m2 up to 292...310 pieces, stem length up to 0.543...0.567 and 0.431...0.477 m, the number of bolls per plant up to 25.4...30.0 pieces, the number of seeds in a box and on one plant is up to 8.4 ... 10.0 and 226 ... 261.2 pcs. depending on experience. Seed yield on average for 2014-2016 without fertilizers was 1.37 t/ha, and in variants with fertilizers it increased to 1.5...1.68 t/ha.

Intensification of cultivation of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings with a closed root system in the Southern Urals

The article presents the results of research on growing seedlings of Pinus sylvestris L. with a closed root system in a greenhouse when sowing in cassettes, on three types of substrates and 7 variants of presowing treatment with various growth stimulants, which affected the energy of seed germination and germination, and also on increasing the total number of germinated seeds during the first month. Good germination results were obtained when seeds were treated with Borogum-M, Bogatyi-Micro, Bionex-Kemi preparations in low-density peat, filled with the starting composition of fertilizers. But in the subsequent period, the development of seedlings was more intense on denser peat with the addition of humic acids and salts, mineral fertilizers, trace elements, strains of soil microflora and mycorrhiza. Biometric indicators of seedlings also turned out to be slightly higher on this substrate. It is proposed to grow pine seedlings during one growing season on low-density peat with the addition of a complex of components.

Growth Stimulating and Fungicidal Properties of Succinic Acid Complexes with Silver, Copper and Boron Ions During Pre-Sowing Treatment of Soybean Seeds

Growth Stimulating and Fungicidal Properties of Succinic Acid Complexes with Silver, Copper and Boron Ions During Pre-Sowing Treatment of Soybean Seeds

Предпосевная УФ-обработка семян сои: проращивание на витаминный корм

Introduction of sprouted soybean grain into animal diet provides high protein content in feed, increases its nutrition and digestibility. In the technology of preparation of green vitamin forages based on soybean for seed disinfection before sprouting it is proposed to use UV-irradiation. In order to determine the optimal modes of seed pre-sowing treatment according to the presented methodology, UV-irradiation of soybean seeds was carried out on the previously developed experimental unit of belt type. The treated seeds germinated in a closed box with forced ventilation and a built-in phytolamp. The energy illuminance of UV irradiation and the time of UV treatment of seeds before sprouting were selected as the variable factors, and the length of soybean sprouts on the 5th day of sprouting was selected as the response function. The regression equation describing the influence of UV-treatment parameters on sprout length was obtained from experimental data, and graphical dependences of the response function changes in the variation intervals were plotted. Experimental studies have established the optimal mode of UV-treatment of soybean seeds, providing the maximum value of soybean sprouts. At a specific power of 9 W/m2 with UV-irradiation exposure from 30 to 90 s the length of sprouts on the 5th day of sprouting was 120 mm (with 109 mm in control samples). The proposed mode is recommended for pre-sowing seed treatment during sprouting of soybean seeds for vitamin feed for animals.