Влияние минерального питания на развитие льна масличного по фазам роста в черноземной зоне Волго-Донского междуречья

Abstract

With the growth of sown areas in the black earth zone of the Volgograd region, oil flax has become an alternative crop to sunflower, so it became necessary to study the technological methods of its cultivation in the conditions of the region's farms. The selection of modern highly productive flax varieties adapted to local soil and climatic conditions, new elements of cultivation technology, the use of highly effective herbicides, various forms, as well as the required doses of mineral fertilizers for planned yields, optimization of seeding rates are relevant at the present stage of development of agricultural production. Experiments with oil flax were laid in 2014-2016. on the southern black soil. In the experiment, the influence of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with disinfectants, with the introduction of specified doses of mineral fertilizers on the development of the crop by growth phases, as well as their influence on the structure of crop elements, was studied. The dynamics of the development of oil flax differed by years of research, development phases and depended on the forms of mineral fertilizers. So, in the “seedlings” phase, the indicators of the above-ground dry matter mass for three years on average in the control ranged from 0.05 to 0.07 t/ha, in variants with fertilizers from 0.07 to 0.14 t/ha. In the “herringbone” phase, the dry matter content increased by 2 times compared to the seedling phase, in the “budding” phase by 4.5 times, and in the “flowering” phase by 2.5 times in relation to the “budding” phase. Doses of mineral fertilizers influenced the structure of the crop, increasing the number of stems per 1 m2 up to 292...310 pieces, stem length up to 0.543...0.567 and 0.431...0.477 m, the number of bolls per plant up to 25.4...30.0 pieces, the number of seeds in a box and on one plant is up to 8.4 ... 10.0 and 226 ... 261.2 pcs. depending on experience. Seed yield on average for 2014-2016 without fertilizers was 1.37 t/ha, and in variants with fertilizers it increased to 1.5...1.68 t/ha.