National Preserve Research Articles

Modeling abundance, distribution, movement and space use with camera and telemetry data.

Studies of animal abundance and distribution are often conducted independently of research on movement, despite the important links between processes. Movement can cause rapid changes in spatial variation in density, and movement influences detection probability and therefore estimates of abundance from inferential methods such as spatial capture-recapture (SCR). Technological developments including camera traps and GPS telemetry have opened new opportunities for studying animal demography and movement, yet statistical models for these two data types have largely developed along parallel tracks. We present a hierarchical model in which both datasets are conditioned on a movement process for a clearly defined population. We fitted the model to data from 60 camera traps and 23,572 GPS telemetry locations collected on 17 male white-tailed deer in the Big Cypress National Preserve, Florida, USA during July 2015. Telemetry data were collected on a 3-4 h acquisition schedule, and we modeled the movement paths of all individuals in the region with a Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process that included individual-specific random effects. Two of the 17 deer with GPS collars were detected on cameras. An additional 20 male deer without collars were detected on cameras and individually identified based on their unique antler characteristics. Abundance was 126 (95% CI: 88-177) in the 228 km2 region, only slightly higher than estimated using a standard SCR model: 119 (84-168). The standard SCR model, however, was unable to describe individual heterogeneity in movement rates and space use as revealed by the joint model. Joint modeling allowed the telemetry data to inform the movement model and the SCR encounter model, while leveraging information in the camera data to inform abundance, distribution and movement. Unlike most existing methods for population-level inference on movement, the joint SCR-movement model can yield unbiased inferences even if non-uniform sampling is used to deploy transmitters. Potential extensions of the model include the addition of resource selection parameters, and relaxation of the closure assumption when interest lies in survival and recruitment. These developments would contribute to the emerging holistic framework for the study of animal ecology, one that uses modern technology and spatio-temporal statistics to learn about interactions between behavior and demography.

Chersonesos “Barracks”: A Large Urban Estate of the 1st - 3rd Centuries AD

In 1993-1999, a joint expedition of Kharkiv State University and the Tauric Chersonesos National Preserve carried out a study of the “barracks” — an extensive architectural and archaeological complex within the boundaries of the Chersonesos city-site. This group of buildings and other structures with a total area of over 500 square meters is located near a 4th-century BC city gate and the sixteenth curtain wall. In the first centuries AD, a large economic and residential complex arose and functioned here. The area of the “Barracks Center” and Room 38 accommodated an atrium. Production facilities were located in the northern and eastern part of the “barracks” on the site of medieval rooms. In Roman times, two cisterns were cut into the rock on the site of Rooms 35 and 36, and a press platform with a large lever stone was constructed. Thus, the structural remains, stratigraphic features, and artifacts found in the area of Rooms 35 and 36 all indicate that a fairly powerful winery operated in the northern part of the “barracks” during the 1st to 3rd centuries. The filling of the winery cisterns yielded a rich collection of red-lacquered pottery of the 1st to 3rd centuries, which is extremely rarely found in such amounts in the complexes of Chersonesos. The finds illustrate the great diversity of ceramic wares used in Chersonesos. Imported vessels predominate. Fragments of an oinophore from the city of Knidus in Asia Minor, for example, are of considerable interest. Most similar oinophores from the Eastern Mediterranean date to the 2nd century AD, as do most of the ceramic imports from Knidus to the Northern Black Sea coast. Epigraphic and anepigraphic stamps on red slip plates represent a special subset of finds. In Roman times, the estate included a home sanctuary. This is evidenced by the finds of a fluted limestone column, a damaged female sculpture, fragments of a frieze-free entablature, and copious remnants of polychrome plaster. Rare finds include a ring with a gem of Athena and an elegant miniature pendant made of Egyptian faience, which depicts Cybele or Isis on a throne. Excavations of the “barracks” show that in the first centuries AD there was a significant change in the functional purpose of the port area of Chersonesos. Numerous immigrants from the Balkan and Anatolian provinces of the Roman Empire appeared among the city’s inhabitants. The changes in the social and ethnic makeup of the local population should be connected with the prolonged presence of a Roman garrison in the city citadel.

Eating While the Eating’s Good: How Fire Creates a Magnet for Grazing Animals

Tallgrass prairie is disappearing because farming and development have replaced it. This ecosystem is home to a unique group of plants, animals, and microbial life. The processes of fire, grazing by animals, and drought are important to the tallgrass prairie. They can influence each other and prairie life. For example, pyric-herbivory is the interaction of fire and grazing on the landscape. Burned areas attract herbivores (plant eaters) like a magnet. After fires, plant growth is nutritious and easy to find. Herbivores prefer grazing recently burned areas, creating patches of different habitats that support many other wildlife species, too. You can see pyric-herbivory in action at the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, where fire, cattle, and bison are a part of the preserve’s management team! Healthy tallgrass prairie needs both fire and grazing.

Emergence potential of mosquito-borne arboviruses from the Florida Everglades.

The Greater Everglades Region of South Florida is one of the largest natural wetlands and the only subtropical ecosystem found in the continental United States. Mosquitoes are seasonally abundant in the Everglades where several potentially pathogenic mosquito-borne arboviruses are maintained in natural transmission cycles involving vector-competent mosquitoes and reservoir-competent vertebrate hosts. The fragile nature of this ecosystem is vulnerable to many sources of environmental change, including a wetlands restoration project, climate change, invasive species and residential development. In this study, we obtained baseline data on the distribution and abundance of both mosquitos and arboviruses occurring in the southern Everglades region during the summer months of 2013, when water levels were high, and in 2014, when water levels were low. A total of 367,060 mosquitoes were collected with CO2-baited CDC light traps at 105 collection sites stratified among the major landscape features found in Everglades National Park, Big Cypress National Preserve, Fakahatchee State Park Preserve and Picayune State Forest, an area already undergoing restoration. A total of 2,010 pools of taxonomically identified mosquitoes were cultured for arbovirus isolation and identification. Seven vertebrate arboviruses were isolated: Everglades virus, Tensaw virus, Shark River virus, Gumbo Limbo virus, Mahogany Hammock virus, Keystone virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus. Except for Tensaw virus, which was absent in 2013, the remaining viruses were found to be most prevalent in hardwood hammocks and in Fakahatchee, less prevalent in mangroves and pinelands, and absent in cypress and sawgrass. In contrast, in the summer of 2014 when water levels were lower, these arboviruses were far less prevalent and only found in hardwood hammocks, but Tensaw virus was present in cypress, sawgrass, pinelands, and a recently burned site. Major environmental changes are anticipated in the Everglades, many of which will result in increased water levels. How these might lead to the emergence of arboviruses potentially pathogenic to both humans and wildlife is discussed.

FORMATION OF CONSOLIDATED DOCUMENTARY AND INFORMATION RESOURCES OF THE SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL RESERVE BY MEANS OF PROJECT ACTIVITY

The purpose of the article is to study the world experience of forming consolidated museum, library, and archival documentary and information resources, analysis of opportunities and prospects of Shevchenko National Reserve to create an informative socio-communicative representative online environment by means of project activities and determination of phasing of outlined steps. The methodology of the research is based on the complexity of the general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, formal logic, federal consolidation of information resources, methods of analytical Internet monitoring, and visualization of the results of the research. Scientific Novelty. Prospects and expediency of forming a consolidated database of documentary and information resources of the Shevchenko National Reserve as an informative socio-communicative rep­resentative environment of the reserve in the world information space are substantiated, and the main ap­proaches and stages of this project are outlined. Conclusions. As a result of the realized study was found that the project approach to the formation of a single database of documentary and information resources of the Shevchenko National Reserve and their integration into a single information space is optimal for solving the problem, which requires a step-by-step solution and fully meets the requirements of the time. The creation of an informative and communicative representative environment of the Shevchenko National Reserve will help to reach a wide target audience, establish business communication, enter a single information space as an institution with a powerful documentary and information resource potential attractive for both the world and national community. Keywords: Shevchenko National Preserve, project activities, consolidated documentary and informa­tional resources, general informational space.

The Great Pechersk Church’ Mural Paintings of the Late 19th Century as the Interpretation of Its Old Russian Image

The purpose of the article is to discover the mural paintings of the Great Pechersk Church as the version of theology and academic sacred mural painting of the late 19th century. The research methodology is based on complex using historical and cultural analysis, art study analysis, and biographical method. Scientific novelty. It is determined that the process of creating the Old Russian image in the Great Pechersk Church (the Dormition Cathedral) began in 1880. The photo of the drawing of the ancient part of the Church made by the order of A. Prakhov in 1893, has been introduced into scientific circulation. The author studied the painting decoration as a synthesis of the academic theological thought and academic sacred mural painting, discovered its implementation in choosing topics, plots, and placement of compositions. The author gave a characteristic of the source corps on the paintings from the collection of the National Preserve “Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra”. The author researched the transformation of painting preliminary design and Byzantine Canon of the 11–12th centuries on behalf of the Holy Mother of God theme and observed the connection of the composition “Ascension of Panagia” on the tradition of monastic life in the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. The topical and plotlines have been improved namely Christianize Old Russian is determined by one more leading topic. Conclusions. The process of creating a new mural painting in the Great Pechersk Church began still yet 1880. The detection of the ancient part of the Church contributed to the change in its painting decoration. This change was the result of the academic theological program implemented by means of academic sacred mural painting. The tradition of previous painting decoration preserved in the preliminary design end reflected one of the traditions of monastic life in the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. The witness in Pechersk Paterikon of the compositions in the Great Church has been implemented in mural paintings. However, the academic theological opinion of the late 19th century was subordinated to the canon of 11–12th centuries not complete. The theme of the introduction of Christianity was presented in mural painting as one of the leading topics.

Problems of small hotel business development in Ukraine

Purpose of the research.The research purpose is to analyze the problems of small hotel business development in Ukraine. The reasons of problems in the development of small accommodation establishments and optimal ways of their solution are studied. Methodology. Research methodology is based on the use of laws and regularities of economic science; methodology of system approach implying the complex study of specifics of small hotels activity in conditions of stiff competition. The domestic and foreign theoretical, methodological and practical studies on the hospitality industry are used in the research. Results. The theoretical approach to the development of small hotel business as a structural element of the hospitality industry was substantiated, which allowed to reveal the main problems of its development at all levels. It is proved that the hotel services market in recent years has become the subject of interest of medium and small businesses. In turn, it is becoming increasingly popular among tourists. The main ways to solve the problems of small business in Ukraine should be based on the introduction of new standards for hotel customer service and improving the system of consumer protection, as well as stricter requirements to the safety of guests. It is determined that under conditions of constantly growing competition from international hotel companies it is important to reduce the probability of market development under the influence of chain hotels at the national level and to ensure the national preservation of income. Practical meaning. Practical significance of the obtained results is in their usage in solving urgent problems of small hotel enterprises development in Ukraine. Prospects for further research. The prospects for further research are to justify the directions of improving the quality of hotel services in small accommodation establishments.

The Afterlives of Jātaka Deer’s Compassion – In memory of our dog Baibai

This essay evaluates how exhibitions of prehistoric sites and cave art engage a worldwide public to address the issue of animal compassion, consciousness, and pain. The essay also analyzes the significance of representing archaeological discoveries in the global context of human-caused endangerment and the mass extinction of animals, flora, and fauna, including the eventual prospect of the mass extinction of homo sapiens proper. Today, in the midst of what some scientists call a sixth mass extinction event, the daily loss of species has produced desperate efforts to conserve habitats and preserve relics of extinct animals for a posterity increasingly defined by the scarcity of creation, with the acceleration of the representation of absence the only sustainable growth. Originally found in the Jātaka tradition, the story of Jātaka Deer crystallized Buddhist compassion. However, through decades of national preservation and propagandistic utilization, it met the fate of destruction in the process. For whatever poiesis of earth ethics Jātaka Deer had intended to convey, it remains an aesthetic ruin in the twenty-first century. With the help of holographic virtual-reality and augmented-reality technology, the latest form is a 3D replica with worldwide currency. Such a rendering reeks of our human species’ self-congratulatory sense of optimism and triumphalism about its civilization despite the coming mass extinction. Article received: April 23, 2021; Article accepted: June 21, 2021; Published online: September 15, 2021. Original scholarly paper

NATIONAL SELF-PRESERVATION OF UKRAINIANS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN FESTIVAL MOVEMENT IN POLAND

The article is dedicated to the consideration of the Ukrainian festival movement in Poland in the third decade of Ukraine 's independence in the context of national self-preservation. The paper substantiates the social and political reasons for the relevance of preserving the national self-identification of Ukrainians in Poland. Attention is paid to the legal basis of this aspect of Ukrainian-Polish relations and to the current statistics on the number of Ukrainians in Poland. The author proposes a conditional division of the Ukrainian festival movement in Poland according to its direction into «festivals of national preservation» and «festivals of cultural exchange» depending on the goals, participants and program of events. The characteristics of the most important public organizations that provide the cultural needs of the Ukrainian national minority are presented: the Association of Ukrainians in Poland, the Union of Ukrainians of Podlasie, the Lemko Association, etc. Attention is drawn to the role of the mass media as an important factor in popularizing information about festivals and consolidating the Ukrainian people scattered throughout Poland. The newspaper «Nashe Slovo» («Our word») is considered to be the most influential information resource and at the same time a source of research on the issue. The article analyzes the problems of sources of funding for the Ukrainian festival movement, focuses on significant financial assistance from the Polish government, administrations of gmins, powiats and Voivodeships, as well as private foundations. The author describes the development and features of the most famous Ukrainian-Polish festivals in Poland till 2021. The features of these events and some changes in their activities caused by recent events are shown: Russia's military aggression against Ukraine in 2014, the coming to power in Poland party «Law and Justice» and the COVID-19 pandemic. The latest editions of Ukrainian festivals in Poland are presented, the most famous bands and artists that took part in them are listed. Among the current problems of these cultural events are the aging of the organizers and the departure of socially active youth to large cities or abroad. Based on quantitative and qualitative indicators, the author making tha accent on the growing influence of the Ukrainian festival movement in Poland in 2014 − 2021 compared to the previous decade.

Mapping CO2 fluxes of cypress swamp and marshes in the Greater Everglades using eddy covariance measurements and Landsat data

Wetlands play a critical role in the global carbon (C) budget by sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) and storing significant amounts of C, but climate change is altering C dynamics in these ecosystems. Therefore, predicting and mapping net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in wetlands has emerged as a focus of research to better understand where, how, and when biogeochemical cycles will be modified by human and natural disturbances like climate change. To address this, we developed an object-based machine learning ensemble approach to upscale eddy covariance (EC) CO2 flux measurements across two major wetland ecosystems (cypress swamp and freshwater marshes) in the Greater Everglades of south Florida. We linked 30-m Landsat, water depth, and air temperature data with EC flux measurements using the temporally composite concept for model development, and mapped fluxes within Big Cypress National Preserve (BCNP) and Everglades National Park (ENP) to characterize two distinct seasonal flux patterns. Using an ensemble analysis of three machine learning model outputs (Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest), our models of NEE at BCNP had a high predictive power with a R2 greater than 0.8, while NEE was predicted at ENP with a R2 greater than 0.5. We also generated an uncertainty map to quantify the prediction diversity caused by application of multiple models in upscaling. This uncertainty map identifies regions that are either easy or challenging to predict from model based analyses. We conclude that integration of Landsat, water depth, and air temperature data is valuable for quantifying CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and Everglades ecosystems, and the developed paradigm is promising for upscaling EC flux measurements in wetlands to study and mitigate disturbances to wetland ecosystem services such as hurricanes, fires, water management and/or climate change.

Competition Among Limestone Depressions Leads to Self‐Organized Regular Patterning on a Flat Landscape

AbstractSelf‐organized pattern formation is widespread and functionally significant. Scale‐dependent feedback in space (short‐distance positive feedback coupled with long‐distance negative feedback) has been embraced as an arguably universal mechanism of ecological self‐organization. Recently, intraspecific territorial competition has been proposed as a complementary mechanism contributing to spatial self‐organization in ecology. In geomorphology, regular patterning is also widespread and has often been attributed to competition among geomorphic features. This mechanism has never been integrated into the framework of ecological pattern formation. Using the regularly patterned landscape of Big Cypress National Preserve in South Florida as a case study, we formalize a third mechanism of spatial self‐organization: competition among pattern elements of finite amplitude stabilized by scale‐dependent feedback in time. Depressions first accelerate their expansion rate via the positive feedback between depression volume and weathering rate. Later negative feedbacks become stronger, and eventually stabilize the size of depressions. While scale‐dependent feedback in time provides a mechanism to stabilize individual depressions, it is the competition among depressions that induces spatial regularity. A relatively smaller depression could have a greater expansion rate than larger ones in its development. Higher weathering rate on the side of a divide toward the smaller depression causes migration of the divide to the larger depression. Consequently, the smaller depression expands its catchment area while the catchment area of the neighboring larger depression contracts, resulting in depressions achieving similar size and distance from each other. The diversity of regular patterns dictates the need to integrate perspectives from multiple disciplines.

Trichotorquatus gen. nov. - a new genus of soil cyanobacteria discovered from American drylands1.

Cyanobacteria are crucial ecosystem components in dryland soils. Advances in describing α-level taxonomy are needed to understand what drives their abundance and distribution. We describe Trichotorquatus gen. nov. (Oculatellaceae, Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) based on four new species isolated from dryland soils including the coastal sage scrub near San Diego, California (USA), the Mojave and Colorado Deserts with sites at Joshua Tree National Park and Mojave National Preserve, California (USA), and the Atacama Desert (Chile). The genus is morphologically characterized by having thin trichomes (<4.5 μm wide), cells both shorter and longer than wide, rarely occurring single and double false branching, necridia appearing singly or in rows, and sheaths with a distinctive collar-like fraying and widening mid-filament, the feature for which the genus is named. The genus is morphologically nearly identical with Leptolyngbya sensu stricto but is phylogenetically quite distant from that genus. It is consequently a cryptic genus that will likely be differentiated in future studies based on 16S rRNA sequence data. The type species, T. maritimus sp. nov. is morphologically distinct from the other three species, T. coquimbo sp. nov., T. andrei sp. nov. and T. ladouxae sp. nov. However, these latter three species are morphologically very close and are considered by the authors to be cryptic species. All species are separated phylogenetically based on sequence of the 16S-23S ITS region. Three distinct ribosomal operons were recovered from the genus, lending difficulty to recognizing further diversity in this morphologically cryptic genus.

Determinants of Gray Wolf (&lt;i&gt;Canis lupus&lt;/i&gt;) Sightings in Denali National Park

Wildlife viewing within protected areas is an increasingly popular recreational activity. Management agencies are often tasked with providing these opportunities, yet quantitative analyses of factors influencing wildlife sightings are lacking. We analyzed locations of GPS-collared wolves and wolf sightings from 2945 trips in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA, to provide a mechanistic understanding of how viewing opportunities are influenced by attributes of wolves and physical, biological, and harvest characteristics. We found that the presence of masking vegetation, den site proximity to the road, pack size, and presence of a wolf harvest closure adjacent to the park affected wolf sightings, and the influence of den proximity on sightings depended on harvest management. Wolf sightings increased with den site proximity to the road in years with a harvest closure adjacent to the park but not in the absence of the closure. The effect of the harvest closure on sightings was similar in magnitude to an increase in pack size by two wolves or a more than a two-fold decrease in masking vegetation. These findings were consistent across a 10-fold change in spatial resolution. Quantitative analysis of the factors influencing wildlife sightings provides valuable insight for agencies tasked with managing viewing opportunities.

U-series and Sr isotopes as tracers of mineral weathering and water routing from the deep Critical Zone to streamflow in a high-elevation volcanic catchment

Tracing water routing and groundwater contribution to streamflow is a key tool for better understanding limited water resources. Measurements of U-series activity ratios and radiogenic Sr isotope ratios in drill cores, streams, and groundwater samples were employed to investigate weathering controls and better understand hydrologic flow paths and evolution through the heterogenous subsurface of a montane catchment. Situated within the semi-arid geologically complex volcanic setting of the Valles Caldera National Preserve in northern NM, this study focuses on streams draining the tallest (3432 masl) resurgent dome (Redondo Peak). Recent drilling of groundwater monitoring wells allowed for the collection and isotopic analysis of intact continuous cores and groundwater collected from similar depths, a unique and valuable contribution to U-series studies, within a high elevation headwater catchment focusing on two hillslopes with contrasting Critical Zone (CZ) structure and several distinct groundwater stores.U-series composition of core samples identified UTh fractionation from recent (< 1.25 Ma) disturbance in both hillslopes; however, (234U/238U) and (230Th/238U) disequilibria and 87Sr/86Sr values indicated more intense weathering and lithologic complexity in the hillslope underlain by volcanic breccia over vesicular tuff compared to the hillslope underlain by fractured tuff. The weathering profile of the site composed of breccia overlying vesicular tuff was influenced by the presence of shallow groundwater situated above deeper groundwater stores, which have distinctively higher (234U/238U) activity ratios and 87Sr/86Sr signatures than those of the deep groundwater stores in the fractured tuff site. The combination of U-series and Sr isotopes across time and in isotope mixing analysis highlights the utility of pairing these two isotope tracers that pinpoint distinct groundwater stores and help to isolate controls on U-series isotopes. Time series of U and Sr isotope signatures of groundwater and surface water suggest small seasonal changes in composition of streamflow while USr isotope mixing analysis suggests that deep groundwater from the fractured tuff aquifer system generates more than 90% of streamflow to the greater catchment whereas shallow groundwater and soil water contribute less than 10% to streamflow, primarily following spring snowmelt. Importantly, constraining streamflow sources using isotope mixing analysis highlights that deep groundwater from fractured bedrock within the CZ sustains streamflow here and emphasizes the need to consider deep groundwater in future studies of fractured bedrock systems.

韓末 言論의 中國 情況 報道의 內容과 性格 –1898년 戊戌變法期 改革 關聯 記事를 중심으로-

They pushed ahead a modern reform movement to overcome the shock of the defeat in Sino-Japanese War and the limit of self-strengthening movement in China from June 11^th to September 21^st in 1898. Emperor Guangxi actively promoted the institutional reform, accepting the advises of reformist politicians like Kang Yuwei. However, the 1898 institutional reform movement faced a critical frustration by anti -reform reaction of the conservative. Consequently some reformists figures were arrested, with Emperor Guangxi deprived of the political power. An analysis of the news articles reported in the Korean newspapers for 5 months after June of 1898 when this drastic changes happened in china showed us that though the number of articles concerning Ch’ing China was not so few, the understanding of the Chinese institutional modernization and reform movement was very shallow and superficial. Most of the articles in the Korean papers dealing with the political situation of Ch’ing China was focusing on the relationship between Ch’ing China and other powers, especially the relationship with England, Japan, Russia, France and America. Besides this they minutely introduced the domestical incidents or criminal cases in which Koreans and Chinese were involved in Korea. Even the articles treating the modernization reform of Ch’ing China was mainly concentrated on the issues such as the extension of the new army, the dispatch of military students to foreign powers, the expansion of modern educational institutes, and the encouragement of modern industries like railroad and trade, while their understanding about the political and institutional reforms were not accurate nor abundant enough. They lacked a concrete recognition and consciousness of these kinds of issues. However, it is noteworthy and meaningful that the articles focused on the instructions for the national preservation and development of Daehan Empire, which could be learned from the Chinese experience of exigency and reform policy. This indicates that the press of Korea was relatively taking a good charge of its role and function in enlightening people. Its historical significance can be found in this perspective.

Prioritization in Strategic Environmental Assessment Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Method with Random Generation for Absent Information in South Korea

This study evaluated a fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) as a multicriteria decision making system that compensates for missing information with undefined weight factor criteria. The suggested Fuzzy TOPSIS was applied to ten potential dam sites in three river basins (the Han River, the Geum River, and the Nakdong River basins) in South Korea. To assess potential dam sites, the strategic environment assessment (SEA) monitored four categories: national preservation, endangered species, water quality, and toxic environment. To consider missing information, this study applied the Monte Carlo Simulation method with uniform and normal distributions. The results show that effects of missing information generation with one fuzzy set in GB1 site of the Geum River basin are not great in fuzzy positive-ideal solution (FPIS) and fuzzy negative-ideal solution (FNIS) estimations. However, the combination of two fuzzy sets considering missing information in Gohyun stream (NG) and Hoenggye stream (NH) sites of the Nakdong River basin has a great effect on estimating FPIS, FNIS, and priority ranking in Fuzzy TOPSIS applications. The sites with the highest priority ranking in the Han River, Geum River, and Nakdong River basins based on Fuzzy TOPSIS are the Dal stream 1 (HD1), Bocheong stream 2 (GB2) and NG sites. Among the sites in all river basins, the GB2 site had the highest priority ranking. Consequently, the results coincided with findings of previous studies based on multicriteria decision making with missing information and show the applicability of Fuzzy TOPSIS when evaluating priority rankings in cases with missing information.

Exercise and stress levels associated with a visit to Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve

Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR) is a rural protected natural area in Kansas, United States. This parcel of public land provides visitors from varying areas with opportunities to experience a remaining collective of the tallgrass prairie ecosystem that once spanned large areas of North America. TAPR also provides visitors with opportunities to engage in nature-based experiences while also executing active pursuits. The researchers examined the effects of visiting TAPR on individuals’ stress and activity levels during fall 2016. Electronic surveys and accelerometers were used to quantify individual stress levels and exercise. Participants (n = 239) traveled an average of 138 km to visit TAPR and spent an average of 143.7 minutes at the park, with an average of 68.1 minutes in moderate to vigorous exercise. A large majority of visitors (88.3%) also reported feeling less stressed than usual while at the park. The results suggest visiting natural areas have the potential to reduce stress and promote exercise, both well-known factors contributing to individual well-being. The results of this case study also convey the significance that accessible natural areas can have regarding opportunities of people to spend time in public lands and their reception of the benefits (e.g., mental, emotional, and physical) gained from the natural experience(s).

Valleys of fire: historical fire regimes of forest-grassland ecotones across the montane landscape of the Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, USA

Montane grasslands and forest-grassland ecotones are unique and dynamic components of many landscapes, but the processes that regulate their dynamics are difficult to observe over ecologically relevant time spans. We aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of using grassland-forest ecotone trees to reconstruct spatial and temporal properties of the historical fire regime in a complex landscape of montane forests and adjacent grasslands. We sampled and crossdated fire-scarred trees along ecotones and compared variations in historical fire occurrence within and among nine adjoining valle basins in a 10,158 ha landscape. We analyzed fire year extensiveness, climate regulation, and the occurrence of consecutive fire years. The resulting tree-ring record covers 1240–2005 AD, with 296 trees recording 125 replicated fire years during the analysis period 1601–1902 AD. Mean fire intervals for all events recorded on two or more trees ranged from 4.7 to 13.6 years in individual valles, and a mean of 2.4 ± 1.7 (SD) years at the landscape scale. Between 1660 and 1902, extensive fires occurring in six or more valles occurred 15 times, on average at ~ 17-year intervals; 29 moderately widespread fires (3–5 valles) occurred during this period, at 8.7 year intervals on average. Widespread events occurred in years with a significantly lower Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) preceded by years of significantly positive PDSI, indicating conditions favorable for fine fuel production. Spatial reconstruction of fire extent revealed multiple occurrences of consecutive-year fires burning non-overlapping areas, associated with persistent low PDSI anomalies preceded by positive conditions in antecedent years. A landscape spatiotemporal approach to reconstructing fire regimes of montane forest-grassland complexes provides a valuable baseline for guiding prescribed and natural fire management at large spatial scales.

БИЛИНГВАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ДОШКОЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ

Russia is a multinational country with one hundred and eighty different languages spoken. In the modern world, there is a tendency of losing historical experience and memory, ethnic, cultural and linguistic diversity. The axiom of the people existence is the national language preservation, and the most favorable period for the native language and culture learning is the sensitive period in child development. The importance of learning the native language and the need to know the state Russian language as a universal language of communication in the multinational Russian Federation determine the relevance of the organization of bilingual education starting from preschool educational institutions.

Formation and development of the fashion industry in Ukraine

Purpose of the article. Based on a critical analysis of the material and analysis of the origin and formation of the fashion industry in Ukraine to determine its components and characterize the principles of their work. Methodology. The specifics of the study logically affected its methodological principles. Accordingly, methods such as analysis, synthesis, analogy, as well as comparative-historical and systemic approaches were used. Such a methodological basis allowed us to compare the formation and development of the fashion industry in Ukraine and abroad in historical, cultural, and fashion discourses. The scientific novelty of the work is to determine the components of the fashion industry of Ukraine, its development, and its role in the development of national culture and preservation of national identity. Conclusions. The birth of the fashion industry has taken place in Ukraine since the 1990s. In Ukraine, doing business with key players in the market of the fashion industry, those who actually perform the function of fashion designers differ from the world's traditional forms. It can be concluded that in Ukraine it is possible to distinguish between companies that position themselves as a trademark, as well as companies that act as design brands that often work on tolling schemes.