Presence Of Adolescents Research Articles

A PROTEÇÃO DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE, DEVER DE TODOS

Unfortunately, the presence of adolescents in urban crime does not lack financial resources as the only responsible aspect. We must add to this factor the low level of education, the fragility of family bonds, as well as the social violence that integrates and plagues our daily lives. Responsibility for the adolescent's physical, cognitive, social and affective development requires a lot of attention from the family and the State. Financial difficulties, as well as in social and affective relationships, which are difficult to overcome by families, can cause a situation of risk to adolescents, which, at times, end up boosting their entry into crime. And, after entering criminality, resocialization becomes almost impossible. Preventive work is urgently and extremely necessary. We must work and provide protection before they enter the world of crime, because afterwards, it is very difficult to save them.

A PROTEÇÃO DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE, DEVER DE TODOS

Unfortunately, the presence of adolescents in urban crime does not lack financial resources as the only responsible aspect. We must add to this factor the low level of education, the fragility of family bonds, as well as the social violence that integrates and plagues our daily lives. Responsibility for the adolescent's physical, cognitive, social and affective development requires a lot of attention from the family and the State. Financial difficulties, as well as in social and affective relationships, which are difficult to overcome by families, can cause a situation of risk to adolescents, which, at times, end up boosting their entry into crime. And, after entering criminality, resocialization becomes almost impossible. Preventive work is urgently and extremely necessary. We must work and provide protection before they enter the world of crime, because afterwards, it is very difficult to save them.

Households with and without the presence of adolescents, probability of expenditure on food consumed away from home, according to ENAHO 2021: a cross-sectional study

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the probability of spending on food consumed outside the home in families with and without adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study, developed with the report from the National Household Survey (ENAHO) of Peru for the year 2021. Households selected from the database included those with an adolescent and without an adolescent in its composition and who made expenditures on food consumed away from home. Households were selected according to number of household members, place of origin, sex of the self-reported head of the household, ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status of the head of the household, age of the head of the household, and according to the poverty variable. Results: Households with adolescents and without adolescents spend monthly in Food away from home [Peruvian Soles (USD), SD]; [216.1 (57.17), 3.82] and [159.1 (42.10), 2.94] respectively. The average expenditure (Peruvian Soles) on food consumed away from home according to the poverty variable (extreme poor, poor and non-poor) in households with the presence of adolescents was (46.28, 118.89, 258.33), respectively. This expenditure in Food away from home is higher when comparing it to households without adolescents. Therefore, there is a significant expenditure in Food away from home in households with adolescents. Conclusions: It is important to create a culture for purchasing food that does not harm health. Keywords: food, expenditure, adolescents, ENAHO, poverty.

Comparison of common predictors of current cigarette smoking among adolescents: Across South East Asian countries

BackgroundThe Southeast Asian countries have about 600 million tobacco smokers within the global Burden of tobacco users. Nearly half of the male population and two in every five females in the South-East Asia Region (SEAR) consume tobacco. 19% (Bangladesh) to 55% (Timor-Leste) of 13–17-year old students tried their first cigarette before their 14th birthday. AimTo assess common exposure variables of current cigarette smoking in SEAR countries among school-going adolescents and compare the prevalence and common predictors within SEAR region. DataGlobal Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data is used. ResultA total of 37903 school-going adolescents were included in this study from 10 SEAR countries. The overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking was found 13.1% in SEAR. The minimum prevalence is 1.5% in Sri Lanka (2015), and the maximum is 28.9% in Timor-Leste (2013). Adolescents whose close friends offered to smoke were 21.89 times more likely (AOR = 21.89; 95% CI: 19.60–24.49; P < 0.001) to commit smoking than who didn't offer to smoke. ConclusionsCigarette smoking anywhere in the presence of adolescents and their close friend can act as a promoter for adolescents to smoke. So, to reduce current cigarette smoking, efforts should be made to enforce an anti-smoking policy strictly. Media messages should be spreading aggressively to make people aware of current and second-hand smoking. The public health community may also be used to implement the anti-smoking rule in collaboration with NGOs, academia, research institutions, and regional partners.

Intelligent School Bus: Guarrenteeing Safety Ofschool Children

On assessing the previous work of faculty transport following, checking and cautioning framework, there's a likelihood to order different procedures and distinguish new patterns. one of them may be a test for vehicle following, observing and cautioning framework. Presently a days with the ascent inside the rate and mishaps, guardians stress over their youngsters once they are having the opportunity to schools. what's more, bunches of youngsters end up bolted during a transport inside the transport leaving zone subsequent to nodding off on their gratitude to class, miss the transport, or leave at the wrong station. This task utilizes the pertinence of recurrence recognizable proof (RFID) innovation for following and checking utilizing GPS, kids during their excursion to and from school-on-school transports. Furthermore, it's the potential gain of powerful after limits, ease and clear upkeep. The individual RFID names are convincing and it's used for following and noticingyoungsters. Vibration sensor is this undertaking to identify any mishaps and site refreshed on cloud. And furthermore, checking the main thrust status as driver burn-through liquor and motor is off observing an alarming framework. The system involves three rule units, transport unit, parent unit and faculty unit The transport unit is utilized to identify when a baby enters/exits from the transport utilizing RFID Card. This data is conveyed to the parent unit and facult y unit that recognize the presence of adolescents. The framework tracks the varsity transport by the IOT.

Occlusal Disorders in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Critical Literature Review.

To identify the association of occlusal disorders in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). A literature review was conducted, and articles published between 2010 and 2019 were searched on Bireme and PubMed websites and in MEDLINE and LILACS databases, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, using the keywords "malocclusion," "sickle cell disease," and "cephalometry," combined by Boolean operators AND and OR. One of the criteria for the selection of articles was the presence of adolescents in the sample. This methodology followed the PRISMA recommendations. Seventy-nine articles were found, seven of which were included in the review as they met the inclusion criteria and the study goals. The prevalence of malocclusion in SCD patients ranged from 62.9% to 100%, which was considered very severe in 30.1% to 80.6%. The most common occlusal changes were Angle's class II malocclusion, increased maxillary overjet, and anterior open bite. In addition, class II skeletal pattern was the most prevalent due to mandibular retrusion. Malocclusion prevalence in SCD patients is high and considered to be a risk factor, with a significant rate of very severe malocclusion when compared to healthy patients.

Correlates of Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents in India.

Background:The use of cigarettes/tobacco among adolescents is quite high in India. Worldwide, nearly, all (88%) initiation of smoking occurs before the age of 18 years. Smoking caused about 1 million deaths or 10% of all deaths in India, with about 70% of these deaths occurring at the ages of 30–69 years.Aims and Objectives:Different correlates of cigarette smoking among adolescents were investigated, which may help to improve public health interventions in India.Materials and Methods:Global Youth Tobacco Survey data collected in India during 2009 were taken. Bivariate analysis, logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic, and nomogram were used to examine association between exposure and outcome variables. Cigarette smoking within the past 30 days preceding the survey was the outcome variable while independent variables were age, education, gender, parental smoking, people smoking at home/smoking in the presence of adolescents, felt boys/girls who smoke have more friends, accepting cigarette offered by one of the best friends, perception of attractiveness of boys/girls who smoke, perception smoking makes one loss or gain weight, and perception cigarettes smoking harmful.Results:11768 adolescents participated, of which 9951 (48% males and 52% female) responded on cigarette smoking. Current cigarette smoking was associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–0.90), parental smoking (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.62–1.60), smoking cigarette at home (OR: 3.66; 95% CI: 2.64–5.09), and smoking cigarette in presence of adolescent (OR: 4.14; 95% CI: 2.92–5.87). Observed associations between the outcome and exposure variables reported in this study should be considered in the design of public health interventions.Conclusion:To eliminate smoking habits, efforts should also be made in the exploration of new ideas and their implementation by the public health experts in collaboration with international agencies, various nongovernmental organizations, and academic and research institutions. Let's plan for active action to make smoke-free environment based on evidence.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE COMPREHENSION OF TEXTS AND STORY PICTURES BY ADOLESCENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISTURBANCES

The present article addresses the peculiarities of comprehending visual stimuli by adolescents with intellectual disturbances. We have studied the ability of school students to analyse and synthesise the meaning of the text and a series of story pictures, to successively retell their content, and distinguish the main semantic constructs. We examined 60 adolescents: 20 normatively developing students from secondary school, 20 students with learning disabilities and 20 children with a clinical diagnosis of "intellectual disturbances". The age of the students ranged from 15 to 19 years old (the average age was 16 years 1 month old). The age range was due to the presence of adolescents with intellectual disturbances. The examination involved 25 girls and 35 boys. The main method of research is authorial questionnaire. A small excerpt from the Russian folk tale "The Wolf and the Seven Young Goats" is used as a verbal stimulus, and Bidstrup comic cartoons – as a non-verbal stimulus. The technique of eye-tracking is used as a research method that allows registering the number of fixations, duration of gaze and length of saccades. The differences in the comprehension of text and picture visual stimuli in students with different levels of intelligence have been determined. In the case of intellectual disturbances, the duration of fixations significantly increases when perceiving the texts. The level of intelligence affects the parameters of the recognition and decoding of the visual information significantly. It was found that the specifics of understanding texts and subject pictures by adolescents with intellectual disturbances are due to thinking passivity and different formats of information.

Aproximações entre resolução de problemas e modelagem matemática com o enfoque CTS

Este estudo objetiva verificar a aproximação da Educação Matemática Crítica com a abordagem Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). Envolve uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo intervenção pedagógica, realizada em um colégio da rede privada da cidade de Curitiba, com alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, utilizando Resolução de Problemas e Modelagem Matemática. As aulas contemplaram atividades sobre progressão aritmética, estatística, porcentagem e funções exponenciais, trabalhadas com abordagens de resolução de problemas, no caso do primeiro conteúdo, e modelagem matemática, para os demais. Além dos conteúdos matemáticos, a prática abordou temáticas relativas à presença de adolescentes em academias, uso de celular e seu impacto no cotidiano do ser humano e efeitos da maconha no organismo. Para a análise das aproximações entre as metodologias utilizadas e o enfoque CTS, buscou-se na literatura as principais características de tal enfoque, bem como etapas propostas para seu desenvolvimento. A análise realizada mostrou que a Resolução de Problemas apresentou uma sequência de reflexões sobre as temáticas presentes nas situações-problemas semelhante às sequências indicadas para uma abordagem CTS. O projeto realizado na Modelagem Matemática demonstrou constante presença de interdisciplinaridade e contextualização, sendo esses os quesitos necessários para o ensino na perspectiva CTS. Foi possível estabelecer algumas relações para um ensino com enfoque CTS tanto na Resolução de Problemas como na Modelagem Matemática. Percebeu-se que a mediação do professor é o que possibilita os direcionamentos apropriados para que os conteúdos matemáticos possam trazer embasamento científico e tecnológico para atuação dos alunos na sociedade.

Features of self-concept of adolescents who are brought up in the conditions of paternal deprivation

Introduction: this article deals with the problem of personal development of adolescents who are brought up in the conditions of paternal deprivation, on the example of the content aspects of the main components of their Self-concept. On the basis of the analysis of the actual data presented in modern studies, the trend of growth in the number of incomplete (maternal) families and the specifics of the development of children and adolescents from such families is stated. The author gives a general assessment of the degree of study of the problem of Self-concept in adolescence and shows its lack of development in relation to adolescents raised in conditions of paternal deprivation. Materials and Methods: a comparative analysis of the features of the content aspects of the main structural components of the Self-concept of adolescents from full and maternal families, a total of 170 people was carried out. The content characteristics of the cognitive component of the Self-concept –Self-image and the manifestations of the emotional component – Self-rating, including the general self-acceptance of adolescents are studied. Results: data of some specificity of the formation of Self-concept of adolescents who are brought up in the conditions of paternal deprivation were received. In particular, the study confirmed the hypothesis that paternal deprivation has a significant impact on the content of the adolescent’s Self-image, which is reflected in both quantitative and qualitative features of their Self-descriptions. In addition, the results of comparative analysis it was determined that the presence of adolescents who are brought up mothers to lower performance in most of the parameters of the Self-rating, except in the area of romantic relationships. Discussion and Conclusions: in general, the results of the study allowed identifying the predominant Self-representation of adolescents from full and maternal families, as well as the nature of their Self-rating in the most important parameters for this age.

Adolescent Characters and Alcohol Use Scenes in Brazilian Movies, 2000–2008

Quantitative structured assessment of 193 scenes depicting substance use from a convenience sample of 50 Brazilian movies was performed. Logistic regression and analysis of variance or multivariate analysis of variance models were employed to test for two different types of outcome regarding alcohol appearance: The mean length of alcohol scenes in seconds and the prevalence of alcohol use scenes. The presence of adolescent characters was associated with a higher prevalence of alcohol use scenes compared to nonalcohol use scenes. The presence of adolescents was also associated with a higher than average length of alcohol use scenes compared to the nonalcohol use scenes. Alcohol use was negatively associated with cannabis, cocaine, and other drugs use. However, when the use of cannabis, cocaine, or other drugs was present in the alcohol use scenes, a higher average length was found. This may mean that most vulnerable group may see drinking as a more attractive option leading to higher alcohol use.

Patterns of Family Functioning and Parenting Style of Adolescents with Depressive Reactions

This paper examines family functioning from the systemic perspective while endeavoring to point out to the correlation between family functioning, parenting style and depressive reactions of adolescents. The research was conducted with the aim to determine a correlation between patterns of family functioning, parenting style and presence of adolescents’ depressive reactions. A FACES III (Olson, Portner & Levi, 1985) and EMBU (Arrindell, 2005) scales were used in order to determine the patterns of family functioning and parenting style. Two groups of adolescents were examined: 20 adolescents with depressive reactions who had ambulance or hospital treatment at the Clinic for Mental Health Protection in Nis and 20 adolescents who did not have any problems with depressive reactions. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences between these two groups. Statistically significant difference between families of depressed adolescents and adolescents from the control group has been present on the dimension of cohesion (t (38)=2.896, p<0.01) arithmetic mean for cohesiveness in the families of depressed adolescents is 34.35, while for the subjects from the control group is significantly above 41.05, which indicates that closeness, togetherness and a sense of belonging to the family are very important for the development outcomes of adolescents. Mothers of depressed adolescents who have expressed overprotective have low flexibility (r=-0473, p<0.05). Also, low emotional warmth of the mother points to the low flexibility and vice versa (r=0.451, p<0.05). When we talk about the sample of fathers, high rejecting of fathers indicates on low cohesiveness of the family system (r=-0.699, p<0.01), expressed overprotective of fathers also indicates to the low cohesiveness of the family system (r=-0576, p<0.01 level), and it is also associated with the denial of the emotional warmth of fathers toward their children (r=0.762, p<0.01 level). It can be concluded that the potentiation of closeness and togetherness in family functioning, which is promoted as a pattern in culture, have in a certain way, the protective function, as well as the contribution of fathers is very important for the development outcomes of adolescents.

Functionality of Family Relationships and Parenting Style in Families of Adolescents with Substance Abuse Problems

In this paper we considered family functioning from a systemic perspective, while we try to point out the relationship between patterns of family functioning, parenting style of the parents and adolescents’ addiction diseases. The research was conducted with the aim to determine a correlation between a functionality of family systems, parenting style of parents and presence of adolescents’ substance abuse problems (alcoholism and drug addiction). A FACES III (Olson, Portner & Levi,1985) and EMBU (Arrindell, 2005) scales were used in order to establish patterns of family functioning and of parenting style of the parents. Two groups of adolescents were examined: 50 adolescents with addiction diseases (alcoholism and drug addiction) who had ambulance or hospital treatment at the Clinic for Mental Health Protection in Nis and 50 adolescents who do not have any problems with addiction. The results of the research showed that there are statistically significant differences between these two groups: in terms of the patterns of family functioning, it could be noted that the patterns of disengaged family functioning, parenting style based on rejection and overprotecting and a significant presence of incomplete family systems were much more dominant for adolescents with addiction diseases. Also, results showed that there is a correlation between family functioning, parenting style and the presence of addiction diseases which shows the need of family support in order to accomplish adequately parenting function. In organizing certain interventions in the family system it is important to have in mind that separately focused interventions which are directed towards parenting, have short-dated effects and that influences directed towards the functioning of the whole family system are much more adequate, which is actually our approach in this paper.

Comparison between Dutch and Norwegian parents regarding their perceptions on parental measures to prevent substance use among adolescents

This study investigated whether Dutch and Norwegian parents differ in their perceptions on parental measures and how parents view governmental responsibility to prevent adolescents from substance use. Data were derived from a cross-sectional internet survey conducted in the Netherlands and Norway. A subsample of Dutch (n = 2017) and Norwegian parents (n = 844) was selected. Parents were asked about their perceptions on different parental measures in relation to substance use, e.g. setting the right example, setting rules, parental behavior in the presence of adolescents, and how they view governmental responsibility compared with parental responsibility in relation to substance use among adolescents. The parental responsibility for taking parental measures against adolescents’ substance use was emphasized by both the Dutch and Norwegian parents. Compared to Dutch parents, Norwegian parents were slightly more positive about taking parental measures. Dutch frequent and heavy drinkers and Norwegian men were the most negative about parental perceptions on alcohol measures. Regarding perceptions on parental measures on drug use, Dutch and Norwegian lifetime cannabis users and current cannabis users supported parental measures to a lesser extent. Overall, the results suggest that both Dutch and Norwegian parents feel the responsibility to provide measures to prevent children from alcohol and drug use, irrespective of the alcohol and drug policy in their own country. Both the Dutch and Norwegian supported parental measures to prevent adolescents from substance use.

Dietary availability patterns of the brazilian macro-regions

IntroductionEpidemiological studies have raised concerns about the role of dietary patterns on the risk of chronic diseases and also in the formulation of better informed nutrition policies.ObjectiveThe development of a dietary availability patterns according to geographic regions in Brazil.MethodologyThe 2002-2003 Brazilian Household Budget Survey was conducted in 48,470 households. Dietary availability patterns were identified by Principal Component Analysis using as a unit of analysis the survey's Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) and purchased amounts for 21 food groups. Each of the extracted dietary availability patterns was regressed on socioeconomics categories.ResultsThere were no differences in dietary availability patterns between urban and rural areas. In all regions, a rice and beans pattern was identified. This pattern explained 15% to 28% of the variance dependent on the region of the country. In South, Southeast and Midwest regions, a mixed pattern including at least 10 food groups explaining 8% to 16% of the variance. In the North region (Amazon forest included) the first pattern was based on fish and nuts and then it was designed as regional pattern. In multiple linear regression the rice and beans pattern was associated with the presence of adolescents in the households, except for North region, whereas the presence of adolescents was associated with the Regional pattern. A mixed patterns were associated with a higher income and education (p < 0.05), except in the South region.ConclusionThe rice and beans and regional dietary availability patterns, both considered healthy eating patterns are still important in the country. Brazil has taken many actions to improve nutrition as part of their public health policies, the data of the Household Budget Survey could help to recognize the different food choices in the large regions of the country.

The doctor-adolescent relationship

Care for the integral health of adolescents requires, besides a solid education concerning their development, their form of falling ill and the therapeutic resources that are available, a capacity to "feel comfortable" in the presence of adolescents and certain experience in the treatment of young people. Consideration is given to the qualities that must be present in care for this age group: availability, visibility, quality, confidentiality, satisfaction, flexibility and co-ordination. We comment on the physical and psychic barriers that hinder access by the adolescent to the health services. Emphasis is placed on confidentiality as a basic tool in the doctor-adolescent relationship, its characteristics (asymmetry and retroactive) are commented upon, and a bioethical frame is established in which respect must be developed for their autonomy, interest for their welfare and application of the principle of justice, offering continuity and helping to decide without accepting moral coercion and from an attitude of self-criticism.

Are Household Firearms Stored Less Safely in Homes With Adolescents?

To examine whether firearms are more frequently stored loaded, unlocked, or both in households with adolescents only (aged 13-17 years) compared with households with younger children only (aged 0-12 years). Random-digit-dial survey on firearms (n = 2770). We computed bivariate associations between the presence of adolescents and firearm storage practices. Statistical significance was assessed using prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals. United States. Survey respondents with children (aged <18 years) who reported the presence of a household firearm. Prevalence of firearms in the home stored loaded and/or unlocked. Of the 392 respondents, 22% had a loaded firearm, 32% had an unlocked firearm, and 8% had a firearm stored loaded and unlocked. Compared with households with younger children, households with adolescents only were somewhat more likely to store a firearm unlocked (42% vs 29%; prevalence ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.02), loaded (26% vs 20%; prevalence ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.91), or both (10% vs 8%; prevalence ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-3.19). Parents of adolescents appear to be more likely to keep household firearms stored unsafely, especially with regard to keeping firearms unlocked. This is of concern because most youth firearm injuries happen to adolescents. Firearm injury prevention programs should directly target parents of adolescents to promote safe firearm storage.

Prehistoric Rites of Passage: A Comparative Study of Transegalitarian Hunter–Gatherers

Footprints and handprints clearly indicate that adolescents took part in the cave rituals of Upper Paleolithic Europe. We argue that the cave paintings were created by transegalitarian hunter–gatherers. To better understand the significance of adolescent involvement in cave rituals, we undertook a study of maturation events involving rituals among ethnographic transegalitarian hunter–gatherers. Our results show that the costs associated with all of these events increase as social complexity increases and as the rank of individuals within communities increases. Furthermore, on the basis of the comparative ethnographic evidence and archaeological parameters pertaining to the different types of ritual events, we argue that the presence of adolescents in Upper Paleolithic caves suggests the initiation of elite children to secret societies.