Abstract

IntroductionEpidemiological studies have raised concerns about the role of dietary patterns on the risk of chronic diseases and also in the formulation of better informed nutrition policies.ObjectiveThe development of a dietary availability patterns according to geographic regions in Brazil.MethodologyThe 2002-2003 Brazilian Household Budget Survey was conducted in 48,470 households. Dietary availability patterns were identified by Principal Component Analysis using as a unit of analysis the survey's Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) and purchased amounts for 21 food groups. Each of the extracted dietary availability patterns was regressed on socioeconomics categories.ResultsThere were no differences in dietary availability patterns between urban and rural areas. In all regions, a rice and beans pattern was identified. This pattern explained 15% to 28% of the variance dependent on the region of the country. In South, Southeast and Midwest regions, a mixed pattern including at least 10 food groups explaining 8% to 16% of the variance. In the North region (Amazon forest included) the first pattern was based on fish and nuts and then it was designed as regional pattern. In multiple linear regression the rice and beans pattern was associated with the presence of adolescents in the households, except for North region, whereas the presence of adolescents was associated with the Regional pattern. A mixed patterns were associated with a higher income and education (p < 0.05), except in the South region.ConclusionThe rice and beans and regional dietary availability patterns, both considered healthy eating patterns are still important in the country. Brazil has taken many actions to improve nutrition as part of their public health policies, the data of the Household Budget Survey could help to recognize the different food choices in the large regions of the country.

Highlights

  • Epidemiological studies have raised concerns about the role of dietary patterns on the risk of chronic diseases and in the formulation of better informed nutrition policies

  • There were no differences in dietary availability patterns between urban and rural areas

  • The rice and beans and regional dietary availability patterns, both considered healthy eating patterns are still important in the country

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Summary

Introduction

Epidemiological studies have raised concerns about the role of dietary patterns on the risk of chronic diseases and in the formulation of better informed nutrition policies. Identification of dietary patterns has been widely used to classify individuals and communities according to healthy and unhealthy diets, overcoming many restricted characteristic of traditional analyses focused on nutrient intake [1]. Few studies in Brazil have identified dietary patterns, and all of them were limited to local populations or restricted groups [2,3,4]. The identification of dietary patterns and respective associated factors based on Obtained data on food intake in population-based studies is neither an easy nor an expensive task. Household Budget Surveys (HBS) have been used as an alternative method for estimating dietary changes in the population. HBS allow to estimate dietary availability patterns in households and create the opportunity to test associations with the demographic and socioeconomic factors [5]

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