Preschool Facilities Research Articles

Клинико-эпидемиологическая оценка бремени ветряной оспы на уровне первичной медико-санитарной помощи среди детей в возрасте до 17 лет в г. Барнаул

Introduction. In the absence of preventive vaccinations against the varicella-zoster virus in the National Vaccinations calendar, in recent years, Russia has experienced an epidemic rise in the incidence of varicella-zoster as an unmanageable infection It takes the leading place among drip infections and causes significant socio-economic damage. High morbidity, the likelihood of severe and complicated course dictates the need for mandatory specific active prevention. Purpose: To assess the incidence of chickenpox, requiring a call to the local pediatrician, in children and adolescents aged 0-17 years for 12 months in Barnaul. Materials and methods. Materials of the study were data from a predetermined log cases of chickenpox and of the extract from the ambulatory record filled on the basis of "Medical record of the patient receiving care in the polyclinic setting" (form 025/y), in Children's city polyclinic № 3, Barnaul and Children's city polyclinic № 9, Barnaul for 1 year period (July 2019-June 2020), medical archive documentation of the children's infectious diseases Department of the City clinical hospital No. 11, Barnaul for the same period. Data processing was performed using the calculation of intensive and extensive indicators, calculating the arithmetic mean (X) and standard error of the mean (m). Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel. Results. Morbidity rates at the primary health care stage are high 720.80/0000. The incidence of chickenpox was characterized by an unusual season of epidemic upswing associated with the spread of COVID-19 and the emergence of new foci of chickenpox in pre-school educational facilities and schools. The age structure of morbidity was dominated by children aged 3-6 years; girls were more often ill. The disease was characterized by a classic clinical picture, but it was severe. There was an increase in complications of chickenpox and the frequency of hospitalization. Conclusions. The increase in the incidence of chickenpox is manifested by a broad clinical polymorphism of the disease, with the appearance of extremely severe forms and an increase in the frequency of hospitalization, which leads to a high burden on the primary health care system.

Literature review on the role of nurses in pre-school day-care support facilities

Literature review on the role of nurses in pre-school day-care support facilities

Quantification of the health-improving action of phyto modules in the rooms of child care preschool facilities

The effect of three phyto modules – different combinations of indoor plants with the pronounced phytoncide activity – on the qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora in the air and on a decrease in the risk of acute respiratory diseases (ARD) in children was studied during autumn and winter in 2018-2020 in child care preschool institutions. Sanitary descriptive, epidemiological, sanitary bacteriological and statistical methods were involved. Observation revealed higher attendance rate in the observation group, in combination with lower recorded incidence of disease in comparison with the reference group. The fraction of facultative microflora (FM) with respect to the total microbial count (TMC) was about 30 % in the rooms equipped with phyto modules, while the ratio was 60% in the rooms without plants. The degree of antimicrobial activity depended on the assortment of plants and on the total leaf area per unit room volume. The phytoncide effect of the plants was traced to the most remote point of the room under investigation – 3 m. A favorable factor was an increase in the relative air humidity from 26 to 40%.

Markers showing allergic reactions in children caused by aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds

High prevalence of allergic diseases among children and their close relation with quality of the environment require new approaches to organizing diagnostic and prevention activities. Our research objects were 247 children attending pre-school children facilities (PSCF). It was detected that children who permanently lived and/or attended a pre-school facility for not less than three years under long-term chemical aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds in low doses (0.17–0.23 MPC average daily) had contents of these metals in their blood that were 1.9–2.0 times higher than the same parameter in children from the reference group and 1.7–2.1 times higher than background level in the region. Pre-school children with their biological media being contaminated with nickel and manganese compounds suffered from atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma 1.3–4.5 times more frequently (0.23R20.73; 59.2F388.1; р≤0.001). Allergic diseases associated with aerogenic exposure to chemicals with sensitizing power have certain pathogenetic peculiarities such as active overall inflammatory reaction; sensitization in 54–86% children (the parameter is 1.5–4.3 times higher than in the reference group); cellular metabolism disorder; depletion of antioxidant protection resources in 72% children; deficient activity of phagocytic and humoral section in immunity (1.2 times lower than in the reference group); cytokine regulation disorders (2.4–2.5 time difference); reduced expression of a receptor that induces activation apoptosis; stronger sympathetic influence on heart rate modulation in 26.0% children. Basing on statistical analysis and model making, we determined markers that showed occurring allergic reactions caused by aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds. These markers are targets for prevention activities; they include growth in allergic pathologies prevalence; these pathologies occurring together with chronic inflammatory-proliferative diseases and disorders in the vegetative nervous system; increased contents of leukocytes, eosinophils, and immunoglobulin E specific to nickel in blood; a decrease in phagocyte number and contents of IgM, IgА in blood serum (0.07≤R2≤0.74; 19.3≤F≤713.2; р≤0.0001).

Маркерные показатели реализации у детского населения аллергических реакций, ассоциированных с аэрогенным воздействием соединений марганца и никеля

High prevalence of allergic diseases among children and their close relation with quality of the environment require new approaches to organizing diagnostic and prevention activities. Our research objects were 247 children attending pre-school children facilities (PSCF). It was detected that children who permanently lived and/or attended a pre-school facility for not less than three years under long-term chemical aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds in low doses (0.17–0.23 MPC average daily) had contents of these metals in their blood that were 1.9–2.0 times higher than the same parameter in children from the reference group and 1.7–2.1 times higher than background level in the region. Pre-school children with their biological media being contaminated with nickel and manganese compounds suffered from atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma 1.3–4.5 times more frequently (0.23R20.73; 59.2F388.1; р≤0.001). Allergic diseases associated with aerogenic exposure to chemicals with sensitizing power have certain pathogenetic peculiarities such as active overall inflammatory reaction; sensitization in 54–86% children (the parameter is 1.5–4.3 times higher than in the reference group); cellular metabolism disorder; depletion of antioxidant protection resources in 72% children; deficient activity of phagocytic and humoral section in immunity (1.2 times lower than in the reference group); cytokine regulation disorders (2.4–2.5 time difference); reduced expression of a receptor that induces activation apoptosis; stronger sympathetic influence on heart rate modulation in 26.0% children. Basing on statistical analysis and model making, we determined markers that showed occurring allergic reactions caused by aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds. These markers are targets for prevention activities; they include growth in allergic pathologies prevalence; these pathologies occurring together with chronic inflammatory-proliferative diseases and disorders in the vegetative nervous system; increased contents of leukocytes, eosinophils, and immunoglobulin E specific to nickel in blood; a decrease in phagocyte number and contents of IgM, IgА in blood serum (0.07≤R2≤0.74; 19.3≤F≤713.2; р≤0.0001).

Is it possible to prevent respiratory pathology?

Acute respiratory infections are the most common reason to consult a paediatrician. Children, especially during critical periods of immune response, are one of the most vulnerable groups to infections. The prevention of recurring respiratory infections is very important, especially from the beginning of attending pre-school and school facilities. Since ancient times, preventive measures such as rational daily routine, sufficient physical activity, correction of nutritional status, phytotherapy and homeopathic treatment have been used. In recent years these children have been optimising their vitamin D status and taking antioxidant vitamins, micro- and macronutrients. To date, as a result of innovative research on the human microbiome, information has emerged on its impact on the human body as a whole. The connection of the intestinal microbiota with the brain (gut-brain axis), with the respiratory tract (gut-lung axis), the cardiovascular system, kidneys and even mental health has been proved. The use of multistrain and multispecies probiotics in the prevention of recurrent infections in children opens up new opportunities to influence the child’s immune response and to form food tolerance. Today, a new multistrain multispecies probiotic (manufacturer ADM Protexin, UK) for the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children has appeared on the market. Studies have shown that using several strains of lactobacillus contained in this probiotic leads to more consistent results than monostrains and placebo in the prevention of respiratory diseases. Given the problem of antibiotic resistance, especially in young children, the new possibilities of preventing acute respiratory diseases in children using multistrain and multispecies probiotics make it possible not only to reduce the number and severity of episodes of acute respiratory infections, but also to reduce the frequency of antibiotic use.

Spatial Analyses for the City of Zagreb – Planning and Management

Spatial analyses for the City of Zagreb are mostly produced by the Department for Spatial Information and Research of the Zagreb City Office for Strategic Planning and Development, which is also the coordinator of Zagreb Infrastructure Spatial Data (Croatian acronym: ZIPP). Based on an extensive database, spatial research, analyses, indicators and analytical bases can be accessed for the needs of strategic planners and other users. Examples from practice are described which are publicly available on the web pages of the City of Zagreb, and which were produced at the request of city administrative bodies or private use, from analyses of population density, access to public transport, access to public green spaces, the network of preschool and primary school facilities, strategic city projects, capital investments in buildings for social activities, and public architecture-urbanism tenders, to registering damage after the earthquakes in Zagreb. Spatial analyses provide data which encourage the rational use of spatial resources and informed city administration. New features are interactive web applications with publicly available data which achieve transparency on the part of the city administration. One of the advantages is that they can be refreshed in real time.

Analyzing nutrition rations at pre-school children facilities in a large industrial city in Russia

Analyzing nutrition rations at pre-school children facilities in a large industrial city in Russia

Анализ рационов питания дошкольных образовательных организаций в крупном промышленном городе России

Анализ рационов питания дошкольных образовательных организаций в крупном промышленном городе России

Why Can't a Screen Be More Like a Page?

Why Can't a Screen Be More Like a Page? Jill Allyn Rosser (bio) I remember a particular moment from my childhood with the sharpness of 4K Ultra HD. It was late November. My toys felt old. My friends were home eating things with sugar in them (not on the menu at our house) or being teased by their amusing brothers (we had none of those either). I wanted to play something with someone. But my six-year-old big sister had recently learned to read. She was staring into a book silently mouthing words at it, as if she were in conversation with a wild creature in a secret cave. My parents were also reading intently, but their lips didn't move. The living room had suddenly become a world I wasn't allowed to inhabit fully. I could walk through it, I could sit down on the fuzzy blue chair, I could pull on the string that made the curtains slide back and forth, I could roll over on the rug. But things invisible to me were going on. I demanded very loudly (to be heard over whatever voices they were in thrall to) that someone teach me to read. Immediately there issued forth assurances meant to induce tractability and resignation: it would be too hard for you right now, honey; you're not old enough, but in two years you'll be six, you'll be in first grade. Two years? When everybody knew that Christmas was a month away and even one month would be unendurable. This hour was insupportable. Fortunately, my sister was proud enough of her new skills that she was, with uncharacteristic magnanimity, happy to teach me. She was confident this would prove another triumph of her superior seniority when I couldn't do it; or if by some fluke I did manage ultimately to read, I certainly wouldn't be able to keep up with her. So thanks to, [End Page 596] on her side, a grandly supercilious mutation of altruism, and on mine, an obstinacy sharpened by exclusion resentment, I learned to read at the age of four, with the ferocious focus and ambition other kids were applying to tree-climbing, jump rope moves, and two-wheeling. I realize that four-year-old readers are far from uncommon now, given the plethora of educational programs on television and preschool facilities that emphasize learning to read. But in 1961 I was viewed as something of a prodigy. It was also the first thing I was good at. Perhaps this is why I became so passionately devoted to the printed page so early on—not only because it was my ticket out of boredom or tense social and/or physical situations (being one of only two girls in the neighborhood, and being the less athletically inclined of those two)—but also because it was my platform of distinction. I was not exactly revered by my kindergarten classmates, but I was pointed at. First- and second-grade teachers trotted me into their classrooms to read aloud to their students, I suppose to inspire them into competitive literacy. But that was just a bonus; the experience of opening a new book and diving into its first paragraph was an easily attained high I never tired of. My family's biweekly trips to the county library were the most exhilarating experiences of my childhood summers: I would literally catch my breath when we rounded the final curve and that long, low, brick building appeared, more majestic to me than a Disney palace. And now? Every time I walk into my university's library, I still can't suppress my queasiness upon finding, in place of the traditional broad wooden tables with students bent intently over books, banks of computers that spread as far as the eye can see. When classes are in session, one has to engage in a tacit game of musical chairs (musical since everyone's wearing AirPods) to gain access to one of these computers, though there are hundreds of them. Wandering through the stacks on the other floors, one sees students quietly working at tables and carrels, but beside the books their...

Methodology for Identifying Territories Within the Boundaries of Which it is Advisable to Place New Objects of Preschool and General Education

The main factors determining the need to place educational facilities on the territory of municipalities and districts of Moscow are highlighted. The method of selecting territories within the boundaries of which the location of objects of preschool and general education is the most relevant is proposed. It was used to develop sound proposals for ensuring the balancing development of educational and housing stock facilities. In order to select priority territories within the boundaries of which it is advisable to place new objects of preschool and general education, specialists of the NPTS «City Development» determined the current and projected capacity deficit in objects of preschool and general education. The calculation was carried out in the context of individual buildings that provide services in the field of preschool and general education, residential blocks and micro-districts, as well as municipal formations. It was established that it is advisable to locate new pre-school education facilities within the boundaries of blocks where the projected capacity deficit exceeds 120 places, and to place new general education facilities within the boundaries of blocks where the projected capacity deficit exceeds 550 places.

유아의 미디어 이용시간 실태와 자기조절력 및 문제행동과의 관계

The purpose of this study was to examine the media use time of young children and to investigate the relationship between young children’s media use time, self-regulation, and problem behavior. The subjects of this study were 82 mothers of 82 children age 5-6 and eight teachers of the children who are attending six preschool facilities in the Seoul area. To measure the media use time of young children, we developed our questionnaire for this study with reference to Current Status and Protective Measures of Young Children’s Exposure to Media Devices (Jeongrim Lee, Namhee Do, Yu Jeong Oh, 2013). This study modified and revised the Self-Control Rating Scale (Kendall and Wilcox, 1979) and Children

IgA-protease activity coupled to cellular enzymes of different <i>Streptococcus pneumonia</i> serotypes isolated in pediatric bacteria carriers

Streptococcus pneumoniae are significant causative agents of severe and life-threatening acute pneumonia, meningitis, as well as otitis and sinusitis both in children and elderly. As many as 1.2 million pediatric lethal outcomes due to pneumonia and infections of the central nervous system (meningitis) caused by S. pneumoniae, are recorded worldwide annually, a large proportion of which occur in developing countries. Metal-dependent IgA1 proteases derived from pathogenic bacteria comprise an important group of bacterial enzymes cleaving human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) at the hinge region, thereby interfering with fully-executed host antibacterial immunity.Objective. To study activity of IgA1proteinases and their class profile (Na2-EDTA and PMSF-inhibited) in various pneumococcal serotypes isolated from nasopharyngeal carrier children.Materials and methods. There were examined 585 children attending preschool facilities residing in Kazan (n = 331) and rural areas (n = 254). Microbiological, molecular genetics and immunochemical methods were used to identify, serotyping composition and protease activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Data statistical processing was carried out by using software Graph Pad Prism version 5.0.Results. Prevalence of S. pneumonie in pediatric carriers aged 1.5–3 years was 35.1%, 3–5 years — 23.4%, 5–7 years — 19.6%, and over 7 years — 21.9%. Vaccine serotypes 14, 19F, 23F as a part of current pneumococcal vaccines (Prevenar, Pneumavax-23) comprised as high as 55.8%. However, in 19% of cases were positive for non-vaccine S. pneumoniae strains. Non-typeable strains were detected in 5.8% isolates. IgA-proteinase activity was detected in cell lysates of 45 (86.5%) S. pneumoniae strains isolated from pediatric carriers. Cell lysates of S. pneumoniae strains showing no proteolytic properties, were assigned to serotypes 12F, Sg18. Thus, studies on development of alternative vaccines containing immunogenic proteins, adhesins or other virulence factors common to capsulated and non-typeable (encapsulated) pneumococcal strains hold promise. All the aforementioned accounts for a need for microbiological monitoring of S. pneumoniae carriage and search for new diagnostic approaches for etiological interpretation of S. pneumoniae-associated diseases.

An assessment of school kiosks in Chimbote (Peru) to curb obesity.

School kiosks are spaces where food is provided to preschool and school-age students. Sanitary control of products can help curb and reduce obesity in this study population. We determined compliance and regularity of the evaluation of school kiosks in general and by Regular Elementary Education Institutions in an area of Peru. We performed a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the database of biannual evaluations of school kiosks conducted by the North Pacific Health Network. The main response variables were (a) level of compliance, categorized in Initial (I), In-Process (P), Healthy Kiosk (KS), and Outstanding Healthy Kiosk (KSD). We assigned values from 1 = I to 4 = KSD and assessed the regularity of assessment (schools visited in either semester 1 or 2 or visited in both semesters). The study population consisted of 31 (47.7%) schools out of a total of 65. KS level was reached by 29.1% of the preschool facilities, while 40% of kindergarten/elementary kiosks reached the KS level. Regarding regularity of assessments, 54.8% of kiosks were evaluated in both semesters. All strategic actors of the Ministry of Health and Education must become involved in promoting and facilitating the attainment of the health goals by increasing the number of healthy or featured school kiosks.

Bronchial asthma in pre-school children living in urban areas of the Altay Krai: a population-based cross-sectional study

The objective of the study was to investigate prevalence, clinical and allergological features, and risk factors of bronchial asthma in pre-school children living in urban areas of Altay Krai. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study involving 3,205 children (age, 3 to 6 years) attending pre-school facilities in 5 cities of the Altay Krai. Asthma symptoms were defined using the ISAAC questionnaire. Asthma was diagnosed by clinicians according to GINA. Results. Prevalence of asthma in urban children aged 3 to 6 years was 5.7%; 62.7% of them were previously diagnosed with asthma. Majority of children (59.4%) had mild asthma. Sensitization was detected in 70.3% of children with asthma, most of them were sensitized to dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (63.3%), birch pollen (46.6%), and cat epithelium (31.1%). Risk factors of asthma were family history of allergy [odds ratio (OR) 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–4.6], male gender (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–2.3), preterm birth (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.3), smoking parents (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.9), (contact with pets during the first year of life (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.0). Conclusion. The prevalence of asthma in urban children aged 3 to 6 years living in urban areas of Altay Krai was 5.7%. Most common sensitizers were house dust mites, birch pollen and cat epithelium. The risk factors of pre-school asthma are family history of allergy, male gender, preterm birth, passive smoking and contact with pets during the first year of life.

Avaliação dos impactos do programa de intervenção Incredible years teacher classroom management (IY TCM)

O professor pode atuar, em sua interação cotidiana, com seu aluno, promovendo suas habilidades sociais e prevenindo seus problemas de comportamento. Nessa direção, foram avaliados os impactos de um programa de intervenção universal em grupo, o Incredible years teacher classroom management. Participaram seis professoras de três escolas de educação infantil. Os instrumentos foram: (a) Inventário de boas práticas (Vale,
 2011), (b) Escala de comportamentos sociais de pré-escolares (Merrell, 2002), (c) Questionário de avaliação do workshop (Webster-Stratton, 2012), (d) Questionário de avaliação do programa (Webster-Stratton, 2012) e (e) o programa IY TCM (Webster-Stratton, 2012). Constataram-se diferenças significativas entre pré e pós-teste (p < 0,05) tanto em relação às estratégias de gestão de sala de aula das participantes quanto nas habilidades sociais e problemas de comportamentos das crianças. O programa IY TCM apresentou fortes evidências científicas positivas às professoras da educação infantil ao fortalecer e promover os fatores de proteção ao desenvolvimento infantil.

Włączająca edukacja przedszkolna – założenia teoretyczne a perspektywa praktyczna Przedszkola Miejskiego nr 152 w Łodzi

The aim of the article is to analyse the theoretical assumptions of inclusive education in the context of changes to the educational policies in Poland and beyond. In the first part of the article, the authors present the problem of the changes to teaching children with special educational needs from a segregation approach to an inclusive approach. Then they briefly describe one of the first projects supporting schools in preparing and implementing inclusive education in Poland. In the next part of the article, the authors present the experience of inclusive education implemented in a public preschool in Łódź in the context of organisational and methodological changes, working with parents and the social environment. The presented areas of activities include the good practices, which are the basis for including all children (including children with special educational needs) in the peer group. The article ends with a reflection on the need for the continuity of activities that are the basis for preparing all pre-school education facilities for the concept of inclusion.

Influence of Space on Interactivity Aspects in Pre-School Facilities in the City of Niš, Serbia: Case Study Analysis

Influence of Space on Interactivity Aspects in Pre-School Facilities in the City of Niš, Serbia: Case Study Analysis

Color as a Language in Pre-school Facilities

Color as a Language in Pre-school Facilities

Co rodzice uczniów myślą o segregacji dzieci w szkołach?

W słowackim systemie edukacji segregacja jest dość powszechnym zjawiskiem zarówno w szkołach podstawowych, jak i w przedszkolach. Mimo powtarzających się ostrzeżeń ze strony Unii Europejskiej, szkoły w pobliżu społeczności romskich wykorzystują taką separację. Dyrekcje twierdzą, że edukacja ta wspiera „indywidualne podejście” do uczniów romskich, ponieważ tzw. klasy romskie są mniejsze, a przy tym ważnym argumentem jest nacisk rodziców nieromskich, którzy preferują etnicznie jednorodne klasy i wybierają szkoły dla swoich dzieci (nie są zainteresowani szkołami o większej liczbie uczniów romskich). W artykule przedstawiono opinie rodziców dzieci romskich i nieromskich na temat segregowanej edukacji, które uzyskano w wywiadach i badaniach grup fokusowych poprzez analizę projektów i programów zintegrowanej edukacji.