Preparation Of Resin Research Articles

Preparation of UV Curable Resins and their Toughening Effect on Bisphenol A‐Type Epoxy Acrylate

AbstractUV‐curable oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of ethylene glycol (EG) or 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and then terminated with hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). The chemical structures and molecular weight of the two oligomers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained UV‐curable oligomers were separately mixed with bisphenol A‐type epoxy acrylate (EA) in different mass ratios. The resulting mixture was then mixed with the active diluent tetrahydrofuran acrylate (THFA) and the photoinitiator ethyl 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoylphosphonate (TPO‐L) for UV curing. The curing reactions were performed at UV light intensity of 120 mW/cm2. The unsaturation conversion was monitored by real‐time infrared spectroscopy (real‐time FT‐IR). The mechanical properties and coating properties of the UV‐cured products were analyzed. The results showed that the synthesized UV‐curable oligomers had good toughening effect on EA, and the tensile strength of EA was also improved.

Particle grading and debinding process of zirconia ceramic based on digital light process

Digital light processing technology has the advantages of high molding accuracy and the ability to prepare complex structures, which is commonly used in the preparation of resin or ceramics. By mixing two particle sizes of zirconia powders, this paper successfully prepared a 60 vol% slurry with a low viscosity of 1.28 Pa s at shear rate was 50 s−1. By systematically studying the rheological properties of the mixed slurry, the curing depth was exceeding 100 μm at exposure time of 3 s. Furthermore, by investigating the debinding process of the printed sample, it is found that the sintering sample after debinding in vacuum has the highest density. This work has a positive significance for the preparation and debinding process of high solid loading ceramic slurry.

The Impact of ZnO Nanofillers on the Mechanical and Anti-Corrosion Performances of Epoxy Composites.

Epoxy resins were reinforced with different ZnO nanofillers (commercial ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), recycled ZnO and functionalized ZnO NPs) in order to obtain ZnO-epoxy composites with suitable mechanical properties, high adhesion strength, and good resistance to corrosion. The final properties of ZnO-epoxy composites depend on several factors, such as the type and contents of nanofillers, the epoxy resin type, curing agent, and preparation methods. This paper aims to review the preparation methods, mechanical and anti-corrosion performance, and applications of ZnO-epoxy composites. The epoxy-ZnO composites are demonstrated to be valuable materials for a wide range of applications, including the development of anti-corrosion and UV-protective coatings, for adhesives and the chemical industry, or for use in building materials or electronics.

Current Progress in the Development of Resin Materials with Nanofillers for 3D Printing of Denture Base

Background: Advanced manufacturing techniques, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing, use digital models from computer-aided design to produce 3D objects. They are frequently employed in different areas of dentistry, such as orthodontics, oral implantology, and prosthodontics. Purpose: The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of 3D-printing technology for denture bases and explore the influence of incorporating different fillers into 3D-printed denture base resins on their physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching papers published between 2010 and 2023 in several online databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. The main inclusion criteria used during the search was identifying the papers which added nanoparticles in the resin as an agent to bring different functional characteristics within the 3D-printed denture base resin. Furthermore, even though the search criteria were set for finding papers from the past 10 years, development in this field has accelerated in the past 4–5 years. Findings: Various fillers have exhibited promising results in terms of their ability to improve the functional properties of the 3D-printed denture base resins. However, such improvements come at a higher cost with careful resin preparation when considering the filler particles, the fabrication complexities and the extensive post-processing that is required. Conclusions: The use of 3D-printing approaches and fillers to fabricate dentures is associated with significant benefits in terms of imparting functional properties, consistency in fabrication and opportunities for innovation. However, further research is required to acquire a better understanding of the holistic, long-term performance of various filler materials, concentrations, their clinical relevance and particularly the potential health risks from the fillers.

Preparation and properties of a powdery resin for rapid adsorption of spill oils: 1‐octene‐isoprene‐trimethylolpropane triacrylate crosslinking copolymer

Preparation and properties of a powdery resin for rapid adsorption of spill oils: 1‐octene‐isoprene‐trimethylolpropane triacrylate crosslinking copolymer

Improvement of silicon and epoxy phase interface by constructing rigid interpenetrating networks based on bismaleimide to enhance ablative, mechanical and thermal properties

Polysiloxanes are widely used in the preparation of ablative-resistant resins due to their tailored reactivity and ceramisable properties. Nevertheless, the mechanical and thermal properties may be negatively impacted by the presence of flexible chain segments and poor compatibility. In this study, the phase interface of silicon between epoxy was improved by a rigid interpenetrating crosslinked network constructing by bismaleimide. The pyrolysis of the silicone was inhibited and the oxidation resistance of the resin was enhanced. Both graphitization and ceramisation of the char layer during ablation are significantly improved. This endows the modified resin with outstanding ablative properties, with mass and linear ablation rates reduced to 0.0666 g/s and 0.0512 mm/s, respectively, which exceed those of some conventional ablative-resistant resins. Remarkably, the thermal and mechanical properties are significantly enhanced benefiting from the rigid crosslinked network and improved phase interfaces. Moreover, the destruction of mechanical properties of composites in high temperature environments caused by organosilicones has been effectively addressed. Bismaleimide/silicone co-modified epoxy resins can be used not only as ablative-resistant coatings, but also for the preparation of fire-resistant carbon fibre composites, providing a novel approach to the production of cost-effective, recyclable structural integrated materials for thermal protection.

Characterization and properties of phenolic resin doped modified lignin

Phenolic resins occupy an important position in industrial applications, but phenol, one of the raw materials for synthesis, is a non-renewable resource. Lignin, as a natural polymer containing phenolic hydroxyl groups, alcohol hydroxyl groups and other reactive groups, can replace some of the phenol in the synthesis of phenolic resins, which can reduce the amount of phenol, thus reducing the cost of phenolic resins, while effectively promoting the high value-added use of renewable biomass resources. Due to its low reactivity, alkaline lignin is usually discharged as production waste, unaware that lignin macromolecules can be modified. In this paper, the phenolic monomers were obtained by acid-catalyzed depolymerization of DES (choline chloride/p-toluenesulfonic acid or choline chloride/lactic acid) from waste alkaline lignin, and the recovery rate of the DES solution during the catalytic treatment was more than 85 %, in which the main monomer was 2-methoxy-4-(1-propyl) phenol. The degradation of alkaline lignin is still favorable after five times of DES solvent recovery. The depolymerized lignin monomer replaced phenol by 50 wt% and then ternary co-polymerized with phenol and formaldehyde to form a biomass phenol-based phenolic resin, providing a green route for phenolic resin production. The cost of resin preparation was economically calculated, and it was found that the cost of resin after accumulating 4 cycles of DES treatment was only 51.1 % of that of pure phenolic resin. The density functional theory (DFT) was used to simulate the possible radical reactions in the intermediate process of phenolic resin reaction, to explore the microscopic mechanism and competition, to provide theoretical reference for further experimental realization of resin structure control and optimization, and to improve the theoretical system of resin synthesis.

Development of environmentally friendly glyoxal-based adhesives with outstanding water repellency utilizing wheat gluten protein

To reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from formaldehyde-based adhesives at the source, the use of low-toxicity and biodegradable glyoxal instead of formaldehyde for the preparation of novel urea-glyoxal resins is a simple and promising strategy. The limited water resistance and adhesive strength of the new urea-glyoxal resins (UG) restrict their extensive application. This study prepared a high-performance, water-resistant WP-UG wood adhesive by combining UG prepolymer with wheat gluten protein (WP). FTIR, XRD, and XPS confirmed the existence of a chemical reaction between the two components, and thermal analysis showed that WP-UG plywood had better thermal stability. Evaluation of the gluing properties revealed that the dry and wet strengths of WP-UG adhesive bonded plywood reached 1.39 and 0.87 MPa, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of UG resin by 35 % and 314 %. The bond strength increased from 0 to 0.89 MPa after immersion in water at 63 °C for 3 h. The results indicated that the introduction of WP promoted the formation of a more complex and tightly packed crosslinking network and developed a glyoxal-based adhesive with high bond strength and water resistance. This study provides a new green pathway for novel urea-formaldehyde binders to replace harmful formaldehyde-based binders, which helps to increase their potential application value in the wood industry.

Investigation of flame-retardant characteristics of a polyaryl ether containing phthalazinone moiety

The aerospace, automotive and other industries require very safe specialty engineered plastics that can be used for long times at high temperatures and produce few harmful fumes during combustion in the event of a safety accident, which is essential for protecting personal life and property in a confined environment. The twisted noncoplanar structures give poly (phthalazinone ether) resins excellent temperature resistance and solubility, but clarifying the flame retardancies of the resins is the key to broader application. Herein, a comprehensive comparison has been made between poly (phthalazinone ether) resins and the specialty engineered plastic polysulfone (PSF) based on flame resistance. In vertical burning test, the poly (phthalazinone ether) resin showed a very short flame self-extinguishing time (within 1 s), furthermore, the light transmittance of poly (phthalazinone ether) resin was 100 % at 300 s in the smoke density test, whereas, this value was 10 % for PSF. And the thermal decomposition process and flame retardancy mechanism were investigated by microscale combustion calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric-infrared spectra mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the introduction of phthalazinone moiety not only enhanced the glass transition temperature of the polyaryl ether, but also delayed the smoke generation. This work deepens our understanding of the effects of the molecular structure on the flame retardancy of polyaryl ether resins and provides useful guidance for the design and preparation of polyaryl ether resins with excellent comprehensive properties.

Removal of beryllium (Be2+) from aqueous solution by 5-sulfosalicylic acid-loaded anion-exchange resin

This study presents the preparation and application of a 5-sulfosalicylic acid-loaded anion-exchange resin to remove Be2+ from aqueous solutions. Optimization efforts focused on critical parameters, including resin dosage, initial solution pH, and the influence of interfering ions. Results indicate an optimal resin dose of 0.3 g and a working pH of ≥ 4.0 for maximal Be2+ removal efficiency. Kinetic analysis reveals rapid removal kinetics, with 99% removal achieved within 45 min. Notably, the resin exhibits remarkable selectivity, maintaining consistent removal rates for Be2+ even in the presence of common interfering ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+. Sorption isotherms fitting the Langmuir model further support the resin's effectiveness in Be2+ removal. Thermodynamic evaluation suggests the removal process is spontaneous (∆G° < 0) and endothermic (∆H° > 0), indicating favorable energetics. Crucially, the Be-loaded resin is easily regenerated using 0.1 M HCl, enhancing its practical applicability. These results highlight the effectiveness and potency of the prepared resin in Be2+ removal, suggesting promising solutions for addressing environmental contamination.

Effects of dental tissue substructure and size on fracture strengths of lithium disilicate and zirconia ceramics

We aimed to assess the effects of standard resin preparation models with five different thicknesses of occlusal surface on the fracture strengths of zirconia (ZrO2) and lithium disilicate glass ceramics. The specimens of 10 first maxillary molars collected between January 2019 and January 2020 were selected. Standard mathematical models were formed after scanning the resin matrices using software. The full crowns with five different thicknesses of occlusal surface were established, among which the molar specimens prepared by ZrO2 glass ceramic composites alone were assigned into ZrO2 group (n=5, 40 specimens) while those prepared using ZrO2-lithium disilicate glass ceramic composites were allocated into ZTCLDC group (n=5, 40 specimens). When the thickness of glass-ceramic full crowns was 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.5 mm, the fracture load of the specimens in ZTCLDC group was not significantly different from that in ZrO2 group, and there was no significant difference in the three-point flexural strength between ZTCLDC group and ZrO2 group (P&gt;0.05). The fracture toughness was not significantly different between the two groups in the case of the thickness of glass-ceramic full crown at 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.5 mm (P&gt;0.05). The thickness was positively correlated with fracture load, three-point flexural strength and fracture toughness (P&lt;0.05). The fracture strength of lithium disilicate and ZrO2 ceramics is directly proportional to the thickness of ZrO2 and ZTCLDC crowns.

Optimization of preparation techniques for high-temperature resistant waterborne phenolic-epoxy resin emulsion under low carbon background

In light of escalating global climate change concerns and the pressing need to address industries with high carbon emissions and pollution, enhancing the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins has emerged as a critical research focus. This study seeks to fabricate waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins with superior performance by investigating pivotal factors influencing their properties and refining preparation methods. Utilizing tetrabutylammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst, the phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins are synthesized via a two-step alkalization process. Subsequent etherification reactions involve modifying the phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins using cationic modifier diethanolamine (DEA) and anionic modifier sodium p-amino benzenesulfonate, resulting in waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins. Subsequently, in situ synthesis is employed to produce nanoscale silica (SiO2) modified waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins. The findings reveal that when the ratio of n1 to n2 falls within the range of 1/3.25 to 1/3, the emulsion displays a moderate particle size and maintains stable storage. Furthermore, an increase in DEA dosage leads to a particle size of less than 324 nm when the ratio of n1 to n2 exceeds 1/3, indicating stability. Moreover, optimal stability and prolonged storage lifespan are achieved when the nano SiO2 content is approximately 1.5%. This study contributes by synthesizing high-quality waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resin emulsions through optimized methods. The research findings offer a theoretical foundation for this domain and support the practical application of low-carbon and environmentally friendly concepts in the coatings industry.

Preparation of itaconic acid-modified epoxy resins and comparative study on the properties of it and epoxy acrylates

Abstract To investigate the potential applications of bio-based epoxy resins across diverse fields, this study synthesized a bio-based epoxy resin using itaconic acid (EIA) as the precursor material and compared its thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties with those of epoxy acrylate (EA). The findings indicate that the glass transition temperature and the 5% thermal decomposition temperature of the EIA-cured system are higher than those of EA. The breakdown field strength of the EIA-cured system is slightly higher than that of EA (35.58 kV·mm−1), suggesting that EIA exhibits stronger electrical properties compared to EA. Mechanical property tests demonstrate that the tensile strength, elongation at the fracture point, and Shore hardness of the EIA-cured system are superior to those of EA. In conclusion, EIA, serving as a matrix resin, is influenced by cross-linking density and intramolecular ester bonding and exhibits close electrical strength but superior mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties than EA.

How do different intraoral scanners and milling machines affect the fit and fatigue behavior of lithium disilicate and resin composite endocrowns?

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the combinations of two different intraoral scanners (IOS), two milling machines, and two restorative materials on the marginal/internal fit and fatigue behavior of endocrowns produced by CAD-CAM. Eight groups (n= 10) were considered through the combination of TRIOS 3 (TR) or Primescan (PS) IOS; 4-axes (CR; CEREC MC XL) or 5-axes (PM; PrograMill PM7) milling machines; and lithium disilicate (LD; IPS e.max CAD) or resin composite (RC; Tetric CAD) restorative materials. Specific surface treatments were applied to each material, and the bonding to its corresponding Endocrown-shaped fiberglass-reinforced epoxy resin preparations was performed (Variolink Esthetic DC). Computed microtomography (μCT) was performed to assess the marginal/internal fit, as well as a mechanical fatigue test (20 Hz, initial load = 100 N/5000 cycles; step-size = 50 N/10,000 cycles until a threshold of 1500 N, then, the step-size was increased if needed to 100 N/10,000 cycles until failure or a threshold of 2800 N) to evaluate the restorations long-term behavior. Complementary analysis of the fracture features and surface topography in scanning electron microscopy was performed. Three-way ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier test (α = 0.05) were performed for marginal/internal fit, and fatigue behavior data, respectively. PS scanner, CR milling machine, and RC endocrowns resulted in a better marginal fit compared to their counterparts. Still, the PM machine resulted in a better pulpal space fit compared to the CR milling machine. Regardless of the scanner and milling machine, RC endocrowns exhibited superior fatigue behavior than LD ones. LD endocrowns presented margin chipping regardless of the milling machine used. Despite minor differences in terms of fit, the ‘IOS’ and ‘milling machine’ factors did not impair the fatigue behavior of endocrowns. Resin-composite restorations resulted in a higher survival rate compared to glass-ceramic ones, independently of the digital devices used in the workflow.

B-COPNA resin formation from ethylene tar light fractions: Process development and mechanical exploration by molecular simulation

Efficient utilization strategy of ethylene tar (ET), the main by-product of ethylene cracking unit, is urgently required to meet demands for modern petrochemical industry. On the other hand, condensed polynuclear aromatic resin of moderate condensation degree (B-COPNA) is a widely used carbon material due to its superb processability, the production of which is however seriously limited by high cost of raw materials. Under such context, an interesting strategy was proposed in this study for producing B-COPNA resin using crosslinked light fractions of ethylene tar (ETLF, boiling point < 260 °C) facilitated by molecular simulation. 1,4-Benzenedimethanol (PXG) was first selected as the crosslinking agent according to the findings of molecular simulation. The effects of operating conditions, including reaction temperature, crosslinking agent and catalyst content, on the softening point and yield of B-COPNA resin products were then investigated to optimize the process. The reaction mechanism of resin production was studied by analyzing the molecular structure and transition state of ETLF and crosslinking agent. It was shown that PXG exhibited a superior capacity of withdrawing electrons and higher electrophilic reactivity than other crosslinking agents. In addition to the highest yield and greatest heat properties, PXG-prepared resin contained most condensed aromatics. The corresponding optimized conditions of resin preparation were 180 °C, 1:1.9 (PXG:ETLF) and 3% (mass) of catalyst content with a resin yield of 78.57%. It was the electrophilic substitution reaction occurred between the ETLF and crosslinking agent molecules that was responsible for the resin formation according to the experimental characterization and molecular simulation. Hence, it was confirmed that the proposed strategy and demonstrated process can achieve a clean and high value-added utilization of ETLF via B-COPNA resin preparation, bringing huge economic value to the current petrochemical industry.

Preparation and properties of novolac epoxy resins containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

AbstractTo meet the demands of high‐density and miniaturized integrated circuits, electronic packaging materials need to have excellent properties. One approach to enhance the performance is to design novel structures. In this study, two novolac oligomers containing naphthalene Naphthalene novolac oligomer (NPF) and biphenyl Biphenyl novolac oligomer (LPF) were synthesized and then reacted with epichlorohydrin to synthesize novel novolac epoxy resins containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPF‐EP and LPF‐EP). Their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Tetrahydromethyl‐1,3‐isobenzofurandione (MeTHPA) was used as curing agent to prepare cured NPF‐EP/MeTHPA and LPF‐EP/MeTHPA thermosets. Both NPF‐EP/MeTHPA and LPF‐EP/MeTHPA exhibited better thermal and mechanical properties compared with novolac epoxy resin (PF‐EP/MeTHPA). In particular, NPF‐EP/MeTHPA presented the highest glass transition temperature of 193°C and LPF‐EP/MeTHPA had excellent mechanical properties, with tensile and flexural strengths of 94 and 151 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the cured NPF‐EP/MeTHPA and LPF‐EP/MeTHPA also exhibit a lower dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and low coefficient of thermal expansion compared with cured PF‐EP/MeTHPA. This investigation provides valuable insights for the manufacturing of high‐performance novolac epoxy resins for application in electronic packaging materials.

Preparation of thermal expandable epoxy resin and properties of foam sandwich composites formed by thermal expansion molding process

AbstractThermal expansion molding process (TEMP) is a sophisticated molding technique for creating complex sandwich composites. The core key of TEMP is a high‐performance, thermally expandable resin film. In this study, the epoxy resin is used to create a specific crosslinking network that can provide the support force required for the stable molding of the vesicles during the expansion process of the foaming agent. The curing process of the resin was determined by analyzing the change in the exothermic amount of the epoxy resin during the curing process and the flow behavior of the resin. The pore size distribution of the epoxy foam was investigated, and the expansion force of the thermally expandable resin was tested. The TEMP molding process was compared with the vacuum bag press molding (VBPM) process. The TEMP molding technique increased tensile and compressive strength by about 25%, flexural strength by 34.5%, and shear strength by 54.5%. Finally, the section on microanalysis of the comparative materials and the short beam bending experiments of the sandwich structure provides a theoretical foundation for developing complicated sandwich structures.Highlights Preparation of thermally expandable epoxy prepregs with stabilized foaming by means of pre‐curing. The effects of curing temperature, foaming agent content and expansion multiplicity on the thermal expansion force of epoxy prepreg adhesives were investigated. Thermally expandable epoxy prepreg molding composites with different expansion multiplicities and analysis of the mechanical properties of the composites. Preparation of foam core sandwich composites by thermal expansion in‐mold monolithic molding process and their verification by bending experiments.

Polyacrylate modified alkyd hybrid latex with high anti-corrosion performance synthesized via solvent-free and emulsifier-free method

Polyacrylate modified alkyd hybrid emulsion (SPA-WAR) was prepared by solvent-free and emulsifier-free method to solve the problem of contamination of organic solvent in the preparation of alkyd resin. The originality of this paper lies in the special introduction of acrylic monomers. On the one hand, as a solvent, acrylic monomers play the role of reflux and dilution to reduce viscosity and drainage. On the other hand, as reactive monomers, acrylate monomers were grafted to alkyd resin to form macromolecular polymer. Due to the presence of hydrophilic groups in the polyacrylate chain, SPA-WAR can be obtained without the use of surfactants. This method does not need to add additional solvents and emulsifiers, and has the advantages of green environmental protection. Since the acrylate monomer plays the role of reflux condensation, the yield will also be greatly improved. In addition, compared with water-based alkyd resin (WAR) and acrylate-modified alkyd resin prepared by solvent method (PA-WAR), the particle size of SPA-WAR latex is smaller and the surface of SPA-WAR film is smoother. SPA-WAR coating has excellent physical properties and anti-corrosion properties. After 180 h salt spray treatment, SPA-WAR-latex coated tinplate has no obvious corrosion and diffusion.

Preparation and properties of a bismaleimide resin modified with a propargyl compound for electron beam irradiation curing

N, N, N′, N′ -Tetrapropargyl- p, p′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TPDDM) is synthesized and used to blended with 4,4′-bismaleimide diphenylmethane (BDM) as propargyl compound in a molten state to obtain a TPDDM modified bismaleimide (BTP) resin. The BTP resins are cured under electron-beam (EB) irradiation as well as heat. The cure degree and reactions of BTP resins are studied. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the cured BTP resins are further investigated. The results show that the BTP resins can be cured under EB irradiation and have over 82% degree of cure, which increases with the increase of EB irradiation dose. The cure reactions of EB-cured BTP resin are similar to that of heat-cured BTP resin. The temperature at 5% weight loss ( Td5) and mechanical properties of the cured BTP resins are close analogies between EB and heat cure processes although the cure degrees of EB-cured BTP resins are lower. The glass transition temperature ( Tg) and flexural modulus of the EB-cured BTP resin are higher than that of the heat-cured BTP resin. The Tg of the EB-cured BTP resin can reach over 385°C. The TPDDM-modified BDM is a candidate bismaleimide resin for the EB irradiation curing process in advanced manufacturing technology.

Preparation of a novel melamine formaldehyde resin with palmitoylated melamine involved and its functional coating

Generally, melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) has some defects, including poor fluidity, high cross-linking density, high curing shrinkage rate, and a tendency to cause brittle fracture in cured films. These factors pose significant obstacles for the direct application of MF in coatings. In this study, a novel purified palmitoylated melamine (PM) intermediate was synthesized by acylation reaction between equal molar palmitoyl chloride (Pc) and melamine(M), and then mixed with M (with 10% mass substitution of M). The mixture was reacted with formaldehyde, butanol, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) to prepare palmitoylated melamine-formaldehyde resin (PMF). The prepared PMF displays excellent direct coating ability on various hard substrate surfaces, with a cured coating film surface that is uniform and smooth. In addition, the coating exhibits excellent surface hydrophobic function (with a water contact angle is up to 100°), high light transmittance (with a gloss of 135° and a light transmittance of 95.8%), intrinsic flame retardancy (with a limiting oxygen index is 27.6% and a surface resistance to cigarette burning of 5 grade), self-cleaning properties (hydrophobicity, lipophobicity and lubrication) and other comprehensive properties. The adhesion of the coating (cross cut test) was 0 grade, the impact resistance is 80 mm, the pencil hardness was 8H, the wear resistance of the coating was only 0.02 mg per 100 revolutions (0.02 mg/100r), and the coating surface resistance to chemical contamination (tested with acetone, 10% citric acid solution, and 25% sodium hydroxide solution) was level 5. These advantages of great significance for the expansion of the application field of melamine-formaldehyde resin.