Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation Research Articles

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM

Objective: To determine preliminary phytochemical Screening and evaluation of Antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of Leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum.Methods: The ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum was prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard method and evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrheal effect using leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum by castor oil-inducing method. Animals were divided into four groups. Group-I was treated with distilled water 2 ml/kg body weight. Group-II was treated with loperamide 1 mg/kg body weight, Group-III and Group-IV were treated with ethanolic extract of leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively.Results: Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, glycoside, saponins, proteins and amino acids. The ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves given by oral route to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly showed antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induced diarrhea as compared with control group and standard.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum contain the high presence of phytochemical components and it showed that the leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum having significant antidiarrheal activity. All doses of the plant extracts showed a significant delay in castor oil-induced diarrhea and this justifies the use of this plant as a herbal remedy against diarrhea.

Pharmacognostical, Physicochemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Standardization of Aerial Parts of Onosma bracteatum Wall

Objective: The present study was undertaken to develop the standardization parameters of powdered aerial parts of Onosma bracteatum Wall, family Boraginaceae. Methods: Different parameters such as pharmacognostical, physicochemical, preliminary phytochemical evaluation along with thin layer chromatography for identification of phytoconstituents were studied. Results: On microscopical examination of the aerial parts it showed the presence of oval to polygonal thin walled straight epidermal cells; spiral vessels, a few fibres elongated with blunt tips, long warty, tubercle based unicellular hairs and paracytic stomata. On physicochemical evaluation it was found to contain more amount of polar constituents as the ethanol extractive value was found to be more. Total ash value and acid insoluble ash indicated the presence of inorganic acids and silicaceous matter respectively. Foaming index and swelling index were indicative of saponins and mucilaginous matter present in the aerial parts. On preliminary phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatographic studies it revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and mucilage. Conclusion: The present work carried out can serve as a purpose for identification, authentication and standardization of the crude drug.

Study of Iraqi Spinach Leaves (Phytochemical and Protective Effects Against methotrexate-Induced hepatotoxicity in rats)

Spinach, Spinacia oleracea L is a popular vegetable belonging to the family Chenopodiaceae. This study was concerned with extraction of compounds in Iraqi spinach leaves, preliminary phytochemical evaluation, identification of two biological important flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol in spinach leaves and evaluation of the protective effect of aqueous spinach extract on methotrexate (MTX) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The percentage yield of extraction procedure, identification of spinach by chemical tests and identification of flavonols by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were fully described in this study. The results indicate that the percentage of quarcetin in spinach leaves is more than the percentage of kaempferol in the same plant. The rats were divided into three groups as control, MTX group following a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p) saline was administered for 5 days and the MTX+aqueous spinach extract group were rats received 200mg/kg orally of aqueous spinach extract 7days before and 5 days after MTX treatment. MTX administration increased the MDA and decreased GSH, ALP while these changes were reversed in aqueous spinach extract treated group. Histological changes observed in MTX treated group was improved by aqueous spinach extract treatment. The protective effect of aqueous spinach extract against MTX- induced hepatotoxicity could be attributed to the combined effects of its constituents.
 Key words: Spinach, Kaempherol , Quercetin , Methotrexate, Oxidative stress.

Preliminary phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic and inhibition of lipopolysaccaride - induced NOS (iNOS) expression in BALB/c mice liver by Ziziphus oenoplia Mill. fruit.

Ziziphus oenoplia Mill. is an ethnomedicinal plant and its fruit has been traditionally used by Puliar tribes of Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India to treat various ailments. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, cytotoxic and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene downregulation activities of Z. oenoplia fruit (ZOF) were studied. To explore bioactive compounds present in the ripened fruits, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were done. Free radical scavenging, hepatoprotective, inhibition of iNOS gene expression and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract of fruit were also studied. Total flavonoid content of ZOFwas estimated as 69 µg/mg catechin equivalent. HPTLC densitogram confirmed the presence of quercetin and GC-MS analysis showed a total of 16 compounds of 87.66 % with quinic acid as a major compound which accounted for 22.29 %. Free radical-scavenging activity of ethanolic fruit extract was ranged from 160.12 to 650.23 µg/mL. An amount of 1.5 µg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced severe inflammation in BALB/c mice liver, followed by treatment with ethanolic fruit extract of 100 µg concentration, exhibited significant hepatoprotection and reverse transcriptase polymerase (RT-PCR) analysis showed downregulation of iNOS gene expression in hepatocytes at transcriptional level. ZOF also showed significant cytotoxicity and propidium iodide staining confirmed the induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Findings of the present study prove that ZOF is a rich source of bioactive compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Hence, consumption of this wild edible fruit will be a cost-effective and easily available natural nutritional source for health protection.

Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Bridelia retusa (Spreng) bark

Several species of Bridelia have been used in the condition of pain & arthritis in Indian folk medicine. Present study revealed the preliminary phytochemical investigation and evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity as well as underlying mechanism of bark of Bridelia retusa Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae). The bark was subjected to extraction using pet.ether, ethyl acetate and acetone. All the extracts were significantly inhibit abdominal writhings response and licking time in late phase of formalin test. Extracts could also significantly inhibit mean paw edema of rats induced by carrageenan & histamine at dose of 200 & 400 mg/kg, i.p. Test materials also showed significant dose dependent reduction in cotton pellet granuloma & acetic acid induced vascular permeability at 400 mg/kg. Oral administration of B. retusa fractions in CFA induced arthritic rats, physical, biochemical and hematological parameters observed in arthritic animals were altered significantly to near normal condition. The maximum paw edema inhibition at day 21 was observed at 400 mg/kg. It also proved significant protection against protein denaturation & RBC membrane damage.The GC-MS analysis of EA extract revealed the presence of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, lupeol and friedelin (Pentacyclic triterpenoid). Therefore present study has demonstrated the analgesic; anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of B. retusa bark and suggested that the molecular membrane might be associated with inhibition of biochemical and hematological parameters. Overall bioactive profile of B. retusa used phytomedicine in future for inflammatory conditions.

Pharmacognostic Assesment of the Endemic and Vulnerable Medicinal Climber-Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Gagnep. var. glabra Gamble and Its Antibacterial Activity.

Objective:The objective of this study is to evaluate a meticulous pharmacognostic cram is to supplement constructive information with regard to its identification, characterization, and standardization of endemic and endangered medicinal climber Cayratia pedata var. glabra and also screening the antibacterial activity of this climber.Materials and Methods:The morphological characters of study plant, microscopic examination of leaf powder, anatomy of young stem, physicochemical analysis of plant powder, extractive values, phytochemical analysis, powder with different chemical reagents, fluorescence analysis of plant powder, and other World Health Organization (WHO) recommended for standardization were analyzed. The antibacterial activity of this study plant is also analyzed.Results:C. pedata var. glabra belongs to the family Vitaceae, commonly known as “Kattuppirandai” is one such endemic and endangered species in Thaisholai, Nilgiris South Division, Western Ghats. With the patronage of veteran ethnic group traditional knowledge of this region, the species C. pedata var. glabra was selected for the pharmacognostical examination and antibacterial screening. There were no pharmacognostical reports of this plant, specifically to determine the anatomical and other physicochemical standards required for its quality control. The current study deals with pharmacognostical parameters for the aerial parts of study plant, which mainly consists of macromorphological and microanatomical characters, physicochemical constants (ash values and extractive values), fluorescence analysis, and phytochemical screening, one of the WHO accepted parameter for the identification of medicinal plants. The pharmacognostical exploration was undertaken for this species with the purpose of sketch the pharmacopeial standards. The antibacterial activity of this plant confirms the therapeutic power.Conclusion:The information obtained from pharmacognostical studies will be of used for supplementary pharmacological and therapeutical evaluation of the species and will assist in standardization for quality, purity, and authentication with the help, of which adulteration and substitution can be prevented. The antibacterial activity of this plant confirm the traditional knowledge of local healers on the wound healing property of this species and also suggest this plant species can be used as a promising source for the development of new pharmaceuticals that address the therapeutic needs to cure infectious diseases.SUMMARY The species C. pedata var. glabra was selected for present research work, since this species is listed in Red data book and has a wider use for different ailments among the tribal population of Thiashola due to its high medicinal value. Pharmacognostical profile was generated from macroscopical analysis, microscopical studies, powder analysis, physico-chemical constituent values, fluorescence analysis and preliminary phytochemical evaluation. The antibacterial activity of this plant confirms the therapeutic power. Abbreviations Used: WHO: World Health Organization; IUCN: International Union for the Conservation of Nature.

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Studies of <i>Smilax domingensis</i> Willd. in Cuba

A preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Smilax domingensis Willd., (Smilacaceae) was realized to determine the macromorphology and micromorphology characteristics, the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters from the rhizome of this spice that grows in Cuba. This crude drug showed the characteristic physicochemical values such as moisture content (13.11%), extractable matter in ethanol at 70% (13.53%), total ashes (3.45%), water soluble ashes (2.43%) and acid insoluble ashes (0.64%). Phytochemical screening revealed the possible presence of alkaloids, oils and/or fats, coumarins, saponins, flavonoids, pyrogallol-type tannins, quinones, catechins, reductants sugars, triterpens and steroids and absence of resins, aminoacids, cardiotonic glycosides, anthocyanidins and astringent and/or bitter principles, realized under WHO parameters.

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Pharmacognostic and Physicochemical Evaluation of Leaf of Argyreia Pilosa Wight & Arn

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Pharmacognostic and Physicochemical Evaluation of Leaf of Argyreia Pilosa Wight & Arn

Biological Investigation of Jatropha gossypiifolia: A Stiff Medicinal Plant in Bangladesh

This study describes a biological investigations of methanolic extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia, a plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. The aim of this investigation was to expose the viable phytochemical constituents properly as their contribution towards the antioxidant, anthelmintic and membrane stabilizing activities. The anthelmintic test was conducted on earthworm Pheritima phosthuma using five unique concentrations of the extract and albendazole as standard drug. The extracts were used for the investigation of antioxidant activity followed by DPPH assay and using BHT as a standard. The crude methanolic stem and leaves extract of J. gossypiifolia was conducted to attempt for membrane stabilizing activities using standard protocols. The leaves and the stems portion considerably have the antioxidant property of 3.186 µg/ml and 10.56 µg/ml respectively. According to the absorbance values of the various extract solutions, results of the colorimetric analysis of total phenolic are that the leaves cover the highest Phenolic content (65.66mg/g in GAE) rather than the stem portion (33.332mg/g in GAE). The leaves and stem methanolic extract was found both at hypotonic solution and heat induced conditions, inhibit 39.19±0.26%, 38.17±0.14 and 27.39±0.15%, 26.97±0.47% hemolysis of erythrocyte membrane respectively, when comparing standard acetyl salicylic acid. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation of methanolic extract of J. gossypiifolia confirmed the presence of glycosides, tannins, phytosterols, triterpenoids, diterpenes, saponins and phenols both at its leaves and stem portions. The results of the study showed that the plant extract has potential membrane stabilizing, anthelmintic, antioxidant activities with significant phytochemicals.

Preliminary Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Screening of DiaKure–A Polyherbal Antidiabetic Formulation

Background: Diakure is an indigenously prepared hypoglycemic polyherbal formulation, containing mixture of Vetiveria zizanoides (root), Hemidesmus indicus (rhizome), Strychnos potatorum (seed), Salacia reticulata (bark), Holarhena antidysenterica (seed), Cassia auriculata (bark), Trigonella graecum (seed) and Acacia catechu (bark) and each individual herb has scientific background in treating diabetes. This study aimed to perform pharmacognostical evaluation, preliminary phytochemical evaluation, standardization, heavy metal analysis, pesticidal residual analysis and antimicrobial assay of DiaKure. Materials and Methods: 100 g of the powder mixture of all eight herbs mentioned above was boiled with 900 ml water for 30 min to produce the polyherbal mixture and this mixture was used for performing various tests. Results: Organoleptic characters and macroscopic characters such as colour, odour, taste, size and shape are evaluated under pharmacognostical evaluations and ash values, extractive values and loss on drying are considered under standardisation parameters and are reported. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, glycoside and sugars. The formulation has normal limits of heavy metal and pesticidal residue. Also, the aqueous mixture, during its antimicrobial assay, does not exhibit any antibacterial or anti-fungal activities. Conclusion: The result of this study validates the use of aqueous extract of DiaKure in ethnomedicine, favouring the isolation of antidiabetic agents from the extract of DiaKure. Since the study was conducted in a controlled and authenticated manner, all the evaluation measures used in the study can be used for the standardization of the above-said formulation. Key words: Polyherbal Formulation, DiaKure, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, Standardization.

Pharmacognostic study and establishment of quality parameter for medicinal plant of Dipterocarpaceae in Northeastern state Tripura

Background: Dipterocarpus turbinatus and Shorea robosta are widely distributed in the Northeastern state of Tripura. Tribals of Tripura used both the plant and plant derived product for various purposes in their daily life. Aim: The present investigation deals with the macroscopic, microscopic, and preliminary phytochemical screening to establish quality parameters for evaluation of the bark and bark powder of D. turbinatus and S. robosta. Materials and Methods: The microscopic study was done by Magnus lab photomicroscope and physicochemical properties were studied by standard procedure. Barks for these studies were procured from Tripura. Results: Chief characters of the transverse section and powder of the drugs include cork, cortex, parenchymatous cells, stone cell, lignified fiber, and calcium oxalate crystals along with the abundant amount of starch grains. In quantitative, microscopy length and width of lignified fiber and diameter of starch grains had been measured, which shows a significant difference between the two plants of the same family. Physiochemical and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of both the plants show the difference in alkaloid and sponin content. The chief chemical entity present in both the plants includes steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. Conclusion: The established parameter can be used as a biological standard to identify both the plants.

Pharmacognostic Studies of Leaves of <I>Naravelia zeylanica</I> (Linn) DC.

In the Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, the plant Naravelia zeylanica (Linn) DC has been used in the treatment of pitta, helminthiasis, dermatopathy, leprosy, rheumatalgia, odontalgia, colic inflammation, wounds and ulcers. The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, preliminary phytochemical screening, physicochemical evaluation and fluorescence analysis. Phytochemical evaluation reveals the presence of quinone, saponin, phenol, flavanoid, alkaloid, coumarin and cardiac glycoside. The fluorescence analysis under visible light&under UV light by treatment with different chemical reagents showed different colour changes. In present investigation, pharmacognostic study is carried out to lay down the standards which could be useful in future experimental studies.

Insignificant effect of ethanol extract of Dipterocarpus turbinatus (Dipterocarpaceae) bark on selected parameter in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Objective: The present investigation was designed to find out the antidiabetic potency of ethanol extract of the bark of Dipterocarpus turbinatus by alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: The bark powder of D. turbinatus was extracted with different solvents (according to the polarity of the solvent). Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of the plants showed different chemical entities including alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. Ethanol extracts (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight) were used for antidiabetic study. Oral administration of ethanol extract of the stem bark of D. turbinatus in alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) induces diabetic rats for 14 days. Results and Discussion: Various parameters such as blood glucose level, body weight, and various biochemical parameters (plasma cholesterol, serum creatinine, and urea) were measured by the spectrophotometric method. There was no significant reduction seen in the blood glucose as compared with the diabetic control from the 200 mg/kg dose (P < 0005), and no positive effect could be shown on biochemical parameters as compared with the diabetic control group in both concentrations (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). Conclusion: On the basis of this investigation, we may partially conclude that D. turbinatus is not a potent antidiabetic agent.

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography determination of Quercetin from Polyalthia longifolia leaves

Introduction: Polyalthia longifolia Thwaites (PL) is an ornamentally important flowering tree with immense potential. Identification of phytochemical constituents from plant extracts is need of hour in developing countries like India. These elucidated constituents may play a pivotal role in providing remedies to plethora of diseases whether major or minor. Proper application of analytical technique is key to success in interpretation of these plant constituents. Flavanoids are widely noticeable in number of plant extracts. Flavonols class of compound like quercetin has been reported to possess good amount of ethno-pharmacological relevance from number of medicinally as well as local plants. Objective: In present research studies the aim was to find out by chromatographic techniques how much was percentage of quercetin present in the Polyalthia longifolia Thwaites leaves ethanolic extract. Materials and Methods: Polyalthia longifolia Thwaites leaves after ethanolic extraction and preliminary phytochemical studies were subjected to identification of quercetin by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Preliminary phytochemical evaluation confirmed the presence of flavonoids. The Rf value of the extract was found to be conceding with the standard quercetin by using analytical techniques. Quercetin was found to be 84.26% w/w and 74.45% w/v by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. Conclusion: The active constituent identified from Polyalthia longifolia Thwaites leaves extract was found to be identical to quercetin.

Quality evaluation and standardization of a traditional Unani formulation Jawarish-e-Amla Sada

Background: Jawarish‑e‑Amla Sada (JAS) is a traditional Unani formulation commonly used for the clinical treatment of Zof‑e‑Meda (weakness of the stomach), Zof‑e‑Kabid (weakness of the liver), Zof‑e‑Qalb (weakness of the heart), Khafqan (palpitation),Nafkh‑e‑Shikam (flatulence in the stomach) and Is‑Hal‑e‑Safrawi (biliary diarrhoea). It is a semisolid polyherbal preparation of six medicinal plants. Aims and Objectives: In the present research work an attempt has been made to establish the physicochemical, phytochemical and safety profile of JAS which may be useful for its quality control and standardization. Materials and Methods: Standardized operating procedure for the preparation of JAS was developed in accordance with National Formulary of Unani Medicine. The formulation was also subjected to preliminary phytochemical and physicochemical evaluation. Chemical characterization of the formulation was carried out on the basis of gallic acid content using a validated high‑performance thin layer chromatographic method. Safety of the formulation was affirmed by conducting acute oral toxicity in mice. Results: Preliminary phytochemical, physicochemical and chromatographic profile of the formulation was established. The formulation was found safe up to an oral dose of 2 g/kg body weight in mice. Conclusion: Findings of the present work can be used as a reference standard by quality control/assurance laboratory of a pharmaceutical firm in order to have a proper quality check over its preparation and processing. Key words: Gallic acid, high‑performance thin layer chromatographic, Jawarish‑e‑Amla Sada, safety study, standardization

Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation and Spectrophotometric Estimation of Total Polysaccharide Content of Gum Isolated From cordia dichotoma Fruits

Cordia dichotoma Forst belonging to family Boraginaceae is medium sized tree grows in India, Srilanka and other warmer countries. Fruits of Cordia dichotoma are used traditionally as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepato protective, diuretic, aphrodisiac, and anti-helmentic activities. Gum was isolated from the ripe fruits of Cordia dichotoma by solvent precipitation technique using ethanol (95%). Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of the gum was carried using standard reported methods. The total polysaccharide content of isolated gum was determined spectro photometrically using Phenol-Sulphuric acid method. The total polysaccharide content of Cordia dichotoma fruit gum was found to be 70.29 % w/w.

Preliminary phytochemical and physicochemical evaluation of Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. leaves

In the present study, the preliminary phytochemical and physicochemical studies including fluorescence and thin layer chromatographic analyses of the leaves of Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. (Rhizophoraceae), an Indian medicinal plant used traditionally in the treatment of a variety of human disorders, were carried out with an objective to standardize the plant/plant part (leaves) to be used either as crude drug or in the form of herbal medicine, considering the quality and safety requirements of herbal drugs as per pharmacopoeial standards and/or WHO guidelines.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FLOWER HEADS OF WEDELIA TRILOBATA (L.) A. S. HITCHC

Present study is conducted to analy se the antibacterial activity of flower heads of W edelia trilobata against pathogenic bacterial strains and to analyse phytochemical background of various extracts. Fresh flower heads collected from Kerala, India. Air dried flower heads were extracted succ essively in petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and water. Preliminary antibacterial activity was an alysed by disc - diffusion method and further confirmed by MIC and MBC. Prelim inary detection of phytochemical s was done. Among the ten bacterial s trains nine showed considerable inhibition of growth towards acetone extract. Acetone extract selected for detailed antibacterial evaluation tests like minim um inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). The MIC and MBC of flo ral extracts tested against one of the most sensitive strains, Streptococcus haemolyticus . MIC and MBC values were 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively. Preliminary phytochemical evaluation reve aled the presence of flavonoids, phenolics and terpenoids in act ive acetone extract. The present investigation showed the effectiveness of crude extract of this plant against tested bacterial strains. The presence of potential phytochemicals like phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids in active acetone extract might be o ne of the reasons for its antibacterial property.

English

Phyto chemicals are the secondary metabolites produce by the plant for its adaptation, which has medicinal value. The plant Sida cordata is a prostrate herb with medicinal value which is found throughout India .The whole plant Sidda cordata is used by the tribal people of Madekeri district to treat various aliment like hepatic disorder, dysentery, cholera etc, it is also one of the component in herbal preparation in Tamilnadu used on cut wounds, to relive pain etc. The traditional medicine involves the use of different plant extracts or bioactive component for the treatment of different health problems at affordable cost. Secondary metabolites are responsible for medicinal activity of plant. Hence, the present study deals with the preliminary phytochemical evaluation of leaf & stem of Sida cordata, the study includes the preparation of different extracts leaf &stem by successive solvent extraction method ,fluorescence analysis of successive extracts & their powder are noted under visible &UV light, which showed the visibility of varying colors. Further Phytochemical analysis of leaf & stem extracts of Sida cordata was carried out which confirms the presence of primary metabolites like carbohydrates , amino acids, proteins etc and secondary metabolites like the alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin etc. Present study is designed to explore the preliminary phyto-profile and phytochemical analysis of leaf & stem of Sida cordata, which are responsible for its pharmacological properties.

Preliminary Phytochemical Studies and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Roots of Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

The present study aims to investigate the antidiabetic activity of roots of Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Phytochemical studies showed the presence of steroids, flavonoids and alkaloids in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, respectively. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by observing blood glucose levels and analyzing the serum biochemical parameters after dosing the ethyl acetate extract. Blood samples were collected from overnight fasted diabetic rats on 5, 10 and 15 days of treatment to determine blood glucose levels. On day 16, blood samples were collected to estimate the biochemical parameters. In diabetic rats, both the doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of ethyl acetate extract were found to be significant (P<0.05) when compared with control and favourable changes in biochemical parameters were also observed. It can be concluded from the study that the ethyl acetate extract of roots of C. trifolia possess potent antidiabetic activity.