Predicative Function Research Articles

The method of linear-logical operators and logical equations in information extraction tasks

Relational and logical methods of knowledge representation play a key role in creating a mathematical basis for information systems. Predicate algebra and predicate operators are among the most effective tools for describing information in detail. These tools make it easy to formulate formalized information, create database queries, and simulate human activity. In the context of the new need for reliable and efficient data selection, a problem arises in deeper analysis. Subject of the study is the theory of quantum linear equations based on the algebra of linear predicate operations, the formal apparatus of linear logic operators and methods for solving logical equations in information extraction tasks. Aim of the study is a developing of a method for using linear logic operators and logical equations to extract information. This approach can significantly optimize the process of extracting the necessary information, even in huge databases. Main tasks: analysis of existing approaches to information extraction; consideration of the theory of linear logic operators; study of methods for reducing logic to an algebraic form; analysis of logical spaces and the algebra of finite predicate actions and the theory of linear logic operators. The research methods involve a systematic analysis of the mathematical structure of the algebra of finite predicates and predicate functions to identify the key elements that affect the query formation process. The method of using linear logic operators and logical equations for information extraction is proposed. The results of the study showed that the method of using linear logic operators and logical equations is a universal and adaptive tool for working with algebraic data structures. It can be applied in a wide range of information extraction tasks and prove its value as one of the possible methods of information processing. Conclusion. The paper investigates formal methods of intelligent systems, in particular, ways of representing knowledge in accordance with the peculiarities of the field of application and the language that allows encoding this knowledge for storage in computer memory. The proposed method can be implemented in the development of language interfaces for automated information access systems, in search engine algorithms, for logical analysis of information in databases and expert systems, as well as in performing tasks related to object recognition and classification.

Oxygen's final frontier: novel capillary-mitochondrial relationships in muscle predicate function.

Oxygen's final frontier: novel capillary-mitochondrial relationships in muscle predicate function.

Bisubstantive Sentences with Semantics of External Characteristics and Object State in Russian

The article examines bisubstantive sentences, whose grammatical subject is represented by a concrete-nominal noun, while the prepositional-case combinations of the noun in the copulative-substantive predicate represent the meanings of external characteristics and object state. The means of expressing the characteristics of color and shape of an object, the size of an object (dimensional meaning), the material from which an object is made (fabricative meaning), distinctive details of an object (their presence or absence), structural features of an object, patterns on the surface of an object, and external coating of an object are identified, systematized, and described. Two varieties of object state meaning are analyzed: external state and existential-functional state. It is emphasized that these meanings often turn out to be syncretic, indicating a change in the semantics of prepositional-case forms when they perform a predicative function and confirming the tendency to separate some of them from the system of grammatical forms of a noun.

The Ontology of Parmenides According to Plato’s Parmenides

For Proclus, the subject of Parmenides’ hypothesis is the One and the verb to be has an existen- tial meaning. Modern commentators acknowledge the existential function of the verb, but propose different subjects. I try to explain why I give a predicative function to the verb to be, giving the world as its subject, one being the predicate.

Inferential Deflationism

Deflationists about truth hold that the function of the truth predicate is to enable us to make certain assertions we could not otherwise make. Pragmatists claim that the utility of negation lies in its role in registering incompatibility. The pragmatist insight about negation has been successfully incorporated into bilateral theories of content, which take the meaning of negation to be inferentially explained in terms of the speech act of rejection. We implement the deflationist insight in a bilateral theory by taking the meaning of the truth predicate to be explained by its inferential relation to assertion. We combine this account of the meaning of the truth predicate with a new diagnosis of the liar paradox: its derivation requires the truth rules to preserve evidence, but these rules only preserve commitment. The result is a novel inferential deflationist theory of truth, which solves the liar paradox in a principled manner. We end by showing that our theory and simple extensions thereof have the resources to axiomatize the internal logic of several supervaluational hierarchies, including Cantini’s. This solves open problems of Halbach (2011) and Horsten (2011).

Adjectival Phrases in English and Kurdish A Contrastive Study

This research is an attempt to show the similarities and differences of adjectival phrases in both English and Kurdish languages and to present how the two languages are rich in using adjectival phrases. English and Kurdish adjectives have some similar and different properties which affect language learning/teaching and translation. Adjectival phrases in both languages have the same syntactic and predicative functions. Moreover, in both languages superlative adjectives are dealt with morphologically.Throughout this contrastive study, we will be able to recognize the mistakes and differentiate between the adjectival phrases in these two languages. As a result, researchers will know how to use adjectival phrases correctly without any confusion.This study is of four sections. The first one deals with a brief

PREDICATIVE ADVERBS : PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS

The article characterizes the problematic aspects regarding the definition of status in modern Ukrainian linguistics, the semantic properties of invariable morphological units, correlative with qualitatively descriptive adverbs and motivated by qualitative adjectives, as well as those that are frozen nominative word forms that, under certain contextual conditions, are used to reproduce emotionally -willful or physical state of a person, the state of the environment, and in a one-syllable sentence perform a predicative function. Emphasis is placed on the large number of terminological definitions of this group of lexemes and the main criteria on which they are based, which causes difficulties in the linguistic and linguistic didactic fields. It is outlined that qualitatively descriptive and predicative adverbs are in homonymous relations with each other, since in different syntactic functions they implement the sentence and semantics characteristic of these members. The defining features of predicative adverbs in the modern Ukrainian literary language are formulated and their functional semantic properties.

Expressing the Evaluation of Socially Contested Issues through Metaphor: Higher Education Reform

Abstract Metaphor may express a positive or negative evaluation (Charteris-Black, 2014; Musolff, 2016). The paper aims to study how the predicative function of metaphor is manifested in the discourse of contemporary social concerns. The study was carried out within the framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis (cma), which was employed in order to determine how metaphors reflect attitudes towards higher education reform in Lithuania. The results show that the concept quality is understood as an object and evaluated through bipolar oppositions where the first element of the opposition is positively connoted while the second acquires a negative connotation. The evaluation of the concept reform is carried out through the source domains of movement, living being, object and conflict and is based on whether metaphors are used by the proponents of the reform or by the opposition.

PELESAPAN UNSUR KALIMAT PADA JUDUL BERITA KORAN SOLOPOS EDISI SEPTEMBER 2022

This research is qualitative research with a discourse analysis approach. The purpose of this study is to describe the elements of sentences contained in news headlines in newspapers. The research data used in the form of written text containing the omission of sentence elements. The source of the research data was obtained through the September 2022 edition of the SOLOPOS newspaper. The data was collected by means of a documentation study using reading and note-taking techniques. This research uses analysis technique of agih and insertion. The results showed that the omission of sentence elements contained in the news title of the September 2022 edition of the SOLOPOS newspaper occurred in two elements, namely the omission of the subject and the verb. The process of removing the title on the news is carried out by writers and editors to adjust the layout of small newspapers and make the news more interesting because it arouses the curiosity of readers. The results of the analysis of 10 news headlines found that there were 1 complete sentence that were not omitted and 9 sentences that were omitted by nouns with subject functions, verbs with predicate functions, and affixes to verbs

On the Special Function of Adverbs in the Structure of an Utterance (the Role of the Secondary Predicate)

The object of the article is the processes of inner speech (in the understanding of L.S. Vygotsky), during which the future utterance is formed. One such process is syntactic structure compression. In particular, of interest are polypropositive utterances in which adverbs play the role of a secondary predicate. Examples from Russian fiction are analyzed (from I. Shmelev to A. Bitov), in which a complicated meaning is hidden behind the syntactic structure of a simple sentence. It is concluded that adverbs with the meaning of physiological or mental sensations, moral assessment, compliance with a cultural norm, etc. are most inclined to the function of a secondary predicate. However, the different word-formation background of such adverb leads to its ambivalence and, in accordance with this, to different interpretations of the proposition behind it. In general, the ability to “pack” a whole proposition into one word makes the adverb a full-fledged participant in the processes of speech activity.

Morphological and semantic features of the words of semantics state in modern English

Different approaches to determining the status of words of semantics state in modern linguistics are analyzed, the partial lexical potential of words of semantics state is outlined, the morphological and semantic features of words of semantics state in English are described, the attempt to divide words of semantics state into lexical-semantic groups is made in the article. It was noted that words of semantics state give a description of natural phenomena, physical and mental states of man, the core of words of semantics state in English is predicative adjectives in the predicate function. The basis of the study of words of semantics state in English is morphological features. The morphological characteristics of words of semantics state were singled out. It was found that morphologically words of semantics of the state are derived from adjectives, nouns and Participles II. Human perception is the basis in the division of words of semantics state into lexical and semantic groups. The growth of words of semantics state in English is due to the transition to them other parts of speech.

Prédicats non verbaux en akwá, bantu C22 de la République du Congo

This article aims to describe the functioning of non-verbal predicates in Akwá, a Bantu language of the C20 group of M. Guthrie, drawing inspiration, on a theoretical level, from the principles of Martinetian functionalism. Thus, by the mechanism of juxtaposition which makes it possible to form bimonematic utterances, the non-verbal predicates are assumed by the monemes belonging mainly to the classes of nominals, pronouns, adjectives and many other grammatical categories. However, in monomonematic utterances, the non-verbal predicative function is assumed, apart from nominals, by adverbs and interjections whose different uses serve to formulate insults, slogans or greetings.

Adjectives in the Upper-Kama dialect of the Komi-Permian language

Introduction. The paper deals with the description of grammatical and word-formation features of the adjectives in the Upper-Kama dialect of the Komi-Permian language. The purpose of the study is to characterize the syntactic relations of an adjective with a defined word; linguistic analysis of grammatical categories of an adjective: consideration of the formation and distribution of members of grammatical categories of degrees of comparison and degrees of quality; identification of features of word formation. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of linguistic audio materials collected and recorded on digital media during several dialectological expeditions with the participation of the author to the area of residence of the Kirov Permians in the period from 2002 to 2012. Descriptive and comparative methods were used in writing the article. Results and Discussion. Based on the field material, the paper studies the grammatical and derivational features of the adjectives in the Upper Kama dialect of the Komi-Permian language. In particular, the functioning of this part of speech as a definition and nominal predicate is considered; cases of adjective congruence in adjective and predicative functions are described; the grammatical categories of degrees of comparison and degrees of quality are characterized, the main word building suffixes are presented. Conclusion. The study revealed a significant influence of the Russian language on the formation of attributive syntactic constructions and grammatical forms of the adjective. The specific morphological features characteristic in the Komi dialect area only for the studied idiom are recorded.

VERBA TRANSITIF DALAM THREAD HOROR DI TWITTER @DARJOFESS

This study discusses the production of transitive verbs, types of transitive verbs, the role of transitive verbs, and their grammatical meanings found in the horror thread on the Twitter account @darjofess. The horror thread that will be analyzed is entitled “An Strange Experience on the South Beach of Malang” which was uploaded on April 19, 2022. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research and literature study. The data collection technique in this study was a read-note technique, and documentation in the form of screenshots which were then listened to intensively. The aims of this study are: 1) To find out the types of transitive verbs in the object of study in the form of a horror thread on Twitter and social media; 2) Knowing the type of transitive verb role in the object of study in the form of a horror thread on Twitter social media. The results of this study indicate there are 27 transitive verbs dominated by affix composition (meN-), that is mem-, meng-, meny-, men-, me-; 17 monotransitive verbs and 10 dwitransitive verbs are found, the role of predicate function filler in transitive verbs which is found entirely is the role of action

Семантика безличных конструкций с дательным субъекта состояния в немецком и русском языках

The paper aims to compare the semantics of impersonal sentences with the subject of state in the dative case in the German and Russian languages. The scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that it reveals the similarities and differences in the semantics of impersonal constructions with the subject of state in the dative case in the German and Russian languages. As a result, it has been identified that certain differences can be seen in case of using nouns in the syntactic function of predicate, as well as transferring modal meanings: in the German language, the meaning of obligation cannot be delivered through impersonal constructions with the subject in the dative case.

Pragmatic and grammatical factors affecting the interpretation of number terms

There is a great deal of discussion in the specialized literature around the meaning and interpretation of the so-called number terms. It has been established that these terms can denote sets of exact cardinalities, as well as sets compatible with “at least” and “at most” cardinalities (intervalar readings). We present evidence from an experimental study showing that exact readings of number terms under certain grammatical constructions (with a quantifier or predicative function as well as when preceded by a definite article) are preferred by speakers even under certain pragmatic contexts in which intervalar readings could be derived. Our results align with the so-called naïve perspective of the exact semantics of number terms, but also with the fact that both the grammatical structure as well as the pragmatic context play an important role in the interpretations that they can acquire (exactly, at least, at most).

Синтаксические средства выражения количества в русском и чешском языках

In the paper the author follows the research of Roman Mrázek in the field of expressing of quantitative relations in Russian compared to Czech. The focus is put on so called mensural constructions, i.e. syntagmas expressing exact dimension in scientific texts with high frequency of occurrence of these quantitative information. The mensural constructions as a syntactic expression of measurable quantity are made of three components. The first one is the subject of the measuring, which is addressed by a quantitative property which is measurable. The other elements are the measured parameter, i.e. the physical entity, which is measured, and a quantifier introducing the result of measurement in the form of a numerical expression (comprising of a numeral and counted subject). The dimension or rate of the subject may be expressed exactly, vaguely (approximately or uncertainly). The author of the paper focuses only on the ways of expression of exact measurable constructions. The author analyzes verbs in function of predicates in these constructions in Czech and Russian. In Russian incongruent attribute is noticed, which is used for indication of exact dimension, magnitude or ratio, expressed by a numerical expression (with or without preposition) and with adverbial in instrumental. The attention is paid to various versions of these syntagmas and their stylistic colouring in Russian, as well as their equivalents in Czech. The researcher concentrates also on the ways of expressing of exact dimension by means of congruent attribute (in compounds with the numeral expressed by a digit) in both languages and on the congruency predicate and subject in mensural constructions and the morphological singular/plural of the predicate in both the languages.

A Cross-Dialectal Study of Reduplicated Adjectives in the Ryukyuan languages: Special Focus on Attributive and Predicative Functions

A Cross-Dialectal Study of Reduplicated Adjectives in the Ryukyuan languages: Special Focus on Attributive and Predicative Functions

Наречия оценки: корреляция семантических различий с синтаксическими (на примере наречий общей и гедонистической оценки)

Considering evaluation adverbs of Russian expressing two types of evaluation we argue that the syntactic properties of adverbs are determined by their meaning. The hypothesis is that adverbs of general evaluation (the type good – bad) should have more syntactic functions, than the ones of particularized evaluation, and for this purpose adverbs of hedonistic evaluation (e.g. tasty) are studied. We briefly expose the main insights of linguistic-oriented evaluation theory of N. D. Arutyunova, and discuss syntactic functions of хорошо ‘good’, typical of general evaluation adverbs. Section 2 is devoted to adverbs of hedonistic evaluation. We argue that adverbs of the type приятно – неприятно ‘pleasant – unpleasant’ should be excluded from this class, because in their lexical meaning only the general sensory evaluation is fixed, while its specification as hedonistic or psychological is conditioned by syntactic and/or semantic context. We show that hedonistic evaluation adverbs possess lesser number of syntactic functions than general evaluation adverbs. We demonstrate syntactic differences in the degree of acceptability of the explicit experiencer and the implicit causing factor with the hedonistic evaluation adverbs, conditioned by the channel of perception encoded in adverb’s lexical meaning, and give them the cognitive explanation. The results of our analysis bring into question the syntactic criterion of adverbs with floating scope proposed by M. V. Filipenko (2003). According to this criterion the adverbs of taste and smell evaluation should have floating scope because they have predicative function, but as all hedonistic evaluation adverbs they have the fixed scope over the semantic predicate ‘feel’ implicit in their meaning. We argue that the only syntactic property that guarantees the floating scope for an adverb is its ability to govern the subordinate complement clause with the complementizer chto ‘that’.

Signal Temporal Logic Task Decomposition via Convex Optimization

In this letter we focus on the problem of decomposing a global Signal Temporal Logic formula (STL) assigned to a multi-agent system to local STL tasks when the team of agents is a-priori decomposed to disjoint sub-teams. The predicate functions associated to the local tasks are parameterized as hypercubes depending on the states of the agents in a given sub-team. The parameters of the functions are, then, found as part of the solution of a convex program that aims implicitly at maximizing the volume of the zero superlevel set of the corresponding predicate function. Two alternative definitions of the local STL tasks are proposed and the satisfaction of the global STL formula is proven when the conjunction of the local STL tasks is satisfied.