Синтаксические средства выражения количества в русском и чешском языках

Abstract

In the paper the author follows the research of Roman Mrázek in the field of expressing of quantitative relations in Russian compared to Czech. The focus is put on so called mensural constructions, i.e. syntagmas expressing exact dimension in scientific texts with high frequency of occurrence of these quantitative information. The mensural constructions as a syntactic expression of measurable quantity are made of three components. The first one is the subject of the measuring, which is addressed by a quantitative property which is measurable. The other elements are the measured parameter, i.e. the physical entity, which is measured, and a quantifier introducing the result of measurement in the form of a numerical expression (comprising of a numeral and counted subject). The dimension or rate of the subject may be expressed exactly, vaguely (approximately or uncertainly). The author of the paper focuses only on the ways of expression of exact measurable constructions. The author analyzes verbs in function of predicates in these constructions in Czech and Russian. In Russian incongruent attribute is noticed, which is used for indication of exact dimension, magnitude or ratio, expressed by a numerical expression (with or without preposition) and with adverbial in instrumental. The attention is paid to various versions of these syntagmas and their stylistic colouring in Russian, as well as their equivalents in Czech. The researcher concentrates also on the ways of expressing of exact dimension by means of congruent attribute (in compounds with the numeral expressed by a digit) in both languages and on the congruency predicate and subject in mensural constructions and the morphological singular/plural of the predicate in both the languages.