Pre-Sowing Seed Research Articles

Pre-sowing Seed Treatment of Chemicals, Botanicals, Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under Late Sowing Conditions var. Uma

The experiment was conducted at Field Experimentation and Farm Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, (Rabi season, 2020-21) Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experimental material for present experiment comprised of thirteen priming treatments on linseed seed. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Linseed seeds of variety Uma was subjected to various pre sowing treatments like MnSO4,FeSO4 Pongamia leaf powder, Arappu leaf powder, Notchi leaf powder, Kinetin at various concentrations along with distilled water control. The study revealed that linseed seeds treated with Pongamia leaf powder T6 (5%) showed maximum field emergence (97.48%), plant height 60 days (77.46cm) and 90 days (92.69cm) no of primary branches per plant (5.97),no of seeds per capsule (8.95),no of capsules per plant (25.91), test weight (9.43), seed yield per plant (4.78g), seed yield per plot (128.4g), biological yield (8.26), harvest index (79.53) and reduced days to 50% flowering (65.89), days to maturity (115.89), followed by kinetin T12 50(ppm), in comparison to control T0.

Effect of Pre-sowing Seed Treatments on Physiological Potential of Seed Germination in Okra

Aims: The present investigation was carried out at SKUAST-Kashmir during the year 2020 to improve the seed vigour and germination potential of okra through pre-sowing seed treatments.
 Study Design: The experiment was laid in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications
 Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was carried out at the division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, SKUAST-Kashmir during the year 2020
 Methodology: There were nine pre-sowing seed treatments comprised of simple seed soaking and seed priming with water (T1 and T5), -1.0MPa solution of PEG (T2 and T6), 100ppm solution of GA3 (T3 and T7) and 1.5% solution of KH2PO4 (T4 and T8), respectively along with untreated control (T0). Fifty seeds of each treatment were cultured in 14.0cm Petri dishes lined with 10 layers of moist filter paper. Observations on various germination parameters were recorded at (25±2°C).
 Results: Findings of the study revealed that seed soaking in water (T1) resulted in maximum FGP (93.3%) and GI (16.29) compared to other treatments. Discrete middling of different soaking (AvS) and priming (AvP) treatments indicated the novelty of seed priming over simple soaking. However, unlike FGP and GI, all other parameters viz., CVG, MGT, MGR, T50 and Z-index were found superior when seeds were primed in water (T5) with their recorded values of 87.34%day-1, 1.15day-1, 0.614 day-1, 1.18 day, 0.790, respectively. Values of CVG, MGR and Z index with respect to separate means of simple seed soaking, AvS (69.5%day-1, 0. 0.566day-1 and 0.53) and priming, AvP (75.6%day-1, 0.573day-1 and 0.63) further confirmed the dominancy of seed priming technique over simple seed soaking. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed strong relationship between different quantities of seed germination attributes.
 Conclusion: Seed priming resulted in better germination attributes in okra compared to tradirional seed soaking and as such priming treatments should be practiced instead of traditional seed soaking in okra.

Response of Different Pre-sowing Seed Treatments with Biofertilizers, Plant Growth Regulators and Botanical Extract on Growth and Yield Parameters of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season in the year (2021-2022) at post graduate Central Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 13 treatments and 3 replications. Pea seeds were treated with (NAA, GA3, Rhizobium, Azatobacter, Neem Leaf Extract, Lantana Camera Extract ) were subjected to growth and yield parameters. The results showed that seed treatment with treatment (T2) (NAA@100 ppm for 12hours) recorded the highest germination percentage, maximum plant height, minimum days for 50% flowering and days to pod maturity, maximum number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, highest pod length and pod width, maximum seed yield, biological yield, harvest index was significant in all and highest gross returns, net returns and cost benefit ratio was recorded in treatment (T2) seed treatment with NAA@100ppm for 12hours.

Pre-sowing Seed Treatments of Magnetic field, Electric field and Chemicals on Seedling Characters of Okra (Abhelomoschus esculentus) variety- Super green

The experiment was conducted in post graduate Seed Testing Laboratory Department of Genetics andPlant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P)during Rabi season 2020-2021, in order to standardize the suitable Pre-sowing seed treatment for Okra(VNR-Super Green). Different Pre-sowing seed treatments viz., T0-Control (Untreated), T1- Magnetic Field@ 100mt -15 Minutes, T2- Magnetic Field @200mt- 20 Minutes, T3- Electric Field @250mA-10 minutes, T4-Electricfield@300mA-15 minutes,T5-Nacl@0.2% -12 hours, T6 Nacl @0.3%-14hours, T7- Mgso4@0.3% for 4hours, T8- Mgso4@0.4%-8 hours, T9-zno @0.2%-6 hours, T10 Zno@0.4%-12 hours, T11- Ascorbic acid@0.3%-6hours, T12-Ascorbic acid @0.3%-8 hours. It was found that all the Pre-sowing seed treatments recorded thesignificant difference with that of control. In lab condition highest germination percentage, shoot length,root length, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, seed vigour index-I, seed vigour index-II was foundin T3-Electric @250mA-10 minutes. Pre-sowing seed treatment with electric @ 250mA-10 minutes followedby T12@0.3%-8 hours, Nacl@0.2%-12 hours significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length,root length, seedling length, seed vigour index-I, seed vigour index-II of Okra seeds and found to be lowestin control seeds. Pre-sowing seed treatment leads to a physiological condition that allows the seed togerminate more effectively and no costly equipment and chemical requirements could be used. Hence it isa simple method for overcoming weak germination and seedling establishment and helps to preserveagriculture and economical, non-toxic, eco-friendly sources.

Enhancement of Androgenesis and Plant Regeneration From Wheat Anther Culture by Seed Pre-Sowing Gamma Irradiation

Combination breeding and mutation breeding are widely used methods in plant breeding. Intensive studies are carried out on biotechnological methods that will allow obtaining homozygous lines in a short time in populations obtained with these two techniques. Numerous studies have been carried out by different researchers on mutation breeding in wheat. There are few studies on anther culture response in mutagen-treated genotypes. Two different bread wheat promising advanced lines were used as the material in the study, in which the possibilities of combining mutation breeding with anther culture through ionizing radiation in high quality wheat breeding were investigated. In the study, the responses of advanced bread wheat mutant lines to anther culture, to which eight different doses of gamma rays (0, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 Gy) were applied, including the control, were investigated. There are significant differences between genotypes and irradiation doses for all traits studied. It has been shown that it is possible to decrease albinism and increase the response of anther culture with dose-dependent gamma irradiation depending on bread wheat varieties. In the multiple comparison test to classify the difference between doses; statistically, 150 gray dose 5.60 is in the first statistical class and in the first place with the number of transferred green plants. After that, it ranks second in the same class with the number of green plants transferred with a 300 gray dose of 5.21. In the total number of regenerated green plants excluding controls (888), 635 unit (71.5%) and 205 unit (23.1%) haploids and spontaneous double haploid plants were obtained, respectively. In the study integrated into the bread wheat breeding program, a total of 205 spontaneous double haploid mutant lines were produced. According to the data obtained, it was shown that the gamma ray doses of 150 and 200 Gy had a significant stimulation effect on all parameters studied and ultimately the success index of anther culture in bread wheat compared to control.

Standardization of Different Pre-sowing Seed Treatments on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) var. DBW-187

The present study entitled, “Standardization of different pre-sowing seed treatments on growth, yield and yield attributing traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) var. DBW-187.” was carried out to assess the effect of electric priming, magnetic priming and bio-filming of varying stickers with polyvinyl glycol, methyl cellulose and alginate with an objective during Rabi 2021-2022 to find the promising pre-sowing treatment for wheat. The results indicated that all treatment recorded significant variation for growth and yield attributes that were studied and performed well to the untreated control (T0). The treatment T6- Electric priming @200m Amp for 60 sec. significantly recorded the field emergence of 94.00 %, 9.59 tillers per plant, test weight of 42.49 g, seed yield of 7.82 g per plant, seed yield of 477.22 g per plot, seed yield of 34.77q per hectare, 56.71q biological yield per hectare, 61.30% of harvest index, B:C ratio of 1.14 with gross returns of 69,540.00/- and net returns of 37,055/- respectively and found to be promising and can be suggested for commercial cultivation.

Response of Different Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments with Biofertilizers, Biostimulants and Botanicals on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) var. Desi Himmat

Legumes are the richest protein sources of human diet, livestock of people in poor areas, green fodder to animals and are also used as green manure crops. The present study entitled, “Response of different pre- sowing seed treatments with Biofertilizers, Biostimulants and Botanicals on growth, yield and yield attributing traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) var. desi himmat”, was carried out in rabi 2021-2022 at crop research farm, SHUATS, Prayagraj with rhizobium, vermiwash, neem and tulsi leaf extracts of varying concentrates at duration of 12hrs. in three replications with randomized block design with an objective to assess the effect of these priming treatments on chickpea and to find the promising pre-sowing treatment. The results depicted that priming is an alternate strategy to improve the growth, yield and it recorded significant variation for all the parameters that were studied on comparison to the untreated control (T0). Seed priming with T5-Vermiwash at 10% for 12 hrs. recorded field emergence of 90% and 35.00 pods per plant, 1.66 seeds per pod, 14.70 g seed yield per plant, 24.79 g of 100 seed weight, 37.65 g of biological yield per plant and 39.08 % of harvest index. Thus, priming with T5-Vermiwash at 10% for 12 hrs. was found so productive on chickpea and can be suggested for cultivation on commercial scale.

Применение электромагнитного стимулирования яровых зерновых культур на фоне обработки семян биологически активными препаратами

The article proposes an analysis of the experience of studying the use of electromagnetic stimulation of spring crops (on the example of barley) in a complex effect with pre-sowing treatment with biologically active preparations Gumi, Fitosporin, Albit, Dividend Star. According to the results of the research, it was found that there was an increase in the yield of barley when its crops were placed on the tilled predecessor (potatoes). At the same time, the most effective options for pre-sowing treatment against the background of various predecessors turned out to be with the use of the Gumi preparation in its pure form and in combination with a magnetic field gradient. The increase in yield in this variant of the experiment was up to 7 centners per hectare or 21%, which is 1.2% higher than the values of these variants placed on barley and spring rapeseed. The electromagnetic effect is explained by the magnetomechanical interaction of electromagnetic fields with the molecules of living tissues. Keywords: GRADIENT MAGNETIC FIELD, ELECTROMAGNETIC STIMULATION, BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PREPARATIONS, BARLEY, SEED PRE-SOWING TREATMENT, YIELD

Действие электромагнитного стимулирования семян в повышении продуктивности ярового ячменя

The article presents a brief analysis of the research material on the study of the influence of magnetobiological effects during presowing treatment of spring barley seeds with a gradient magnetic field on its productivity and grain quality. In the experiments it was found that due to presowing treatment of seeds with a gradient magnetic field, there was an increase in germination energy by 5%, germination by 3%. In the further development, the plants were distinguished by a more powerful assimilation apparatus (+17.14%), an increased tillering coefficient (+11.3%). During the research period, due to the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a gradient magnetic field, an average yield increase of 4.6 c/ha or 12.7% was established. Keywords: GRADIENT MAGNETIC FIELD, SPRING BARLEY, PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT, YIELD

New technology of pre-treating processing of grain crops seeds by protective-incentive means

As the result analysis of known materials in the field of seed preparation, patent search and their systematization, an innovative approach is proposed, on the basis of which a conceptual model of a new technology for pre-sowing seeds of cereals by working solutions of chemical and biological protective-stimulating agents with preliminary dust cleaning in a continuous hermetic single technological flow. According to the proposed technology pre-sowing preparation is carried out directly at the seed storage site, which excludes energy-consuming and labor-intensive loading-unloading and transportation operations. The basis of the new technology is a combined machine for pre-sowing treatment with pneumatic loading and dust separating device, which works as follows. Seeds, from a boot by a pneumatic loader, where the seed surface is cleaned of dust, are fed into the dust separator. In the dust separator there is a separation of seeds and a dust-air mixture. In this case, the cleaned seeds without contact with the dusty medium are sent to the treatment zone where the fine particles of the working fluid (less than 40 microns), moving in the air flow, are applied to the surface of the seeds, which ensures the accuracy of the rate of application and the uniformity of the working solution distribution by the weight of the seeds and on the surface of each grain. When pre-sowing seed treatment with biopesticides, a temperature regime is maintained that ensures the vitality and effectiveness of the biopesticides action. The processed seeds are packed in sacks and sent for sowing. The proposed technology will provide increased productivity and reduced energy intensity of the technological process, reducing the seeds trauma, eliminating the over expenditure of expensive protective and stimulating agents and improving the quality of processing, high life activity and effectiveness of biopesticides exposure, reducing environmental stress and harmful effects on humans.

Modes of treating pre-sowing grain seeds with ozone

Ozonation enables to abandon the pre-sowing seeds treatment with pesticides, reduce their possible use. The effectiveness of ozone application equals to that of chemical disinfection. However, during pre-sowing ozone treatment of seeds, it is difficult to maintain the specified operating modes of the ozonizer. Therefore, it is much easier to vary the operation time with regards to the capabilities of a particular ozonation plant. Thus, the most rational modes of pre-sowing ozone treatment of seeds were determined based on the crop and the average concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture. The ozonation time should be in the range 23 … 41, 32 … 52, 40 … 60 and 17 … 45 min during pre-sowing ozone treatment of the seeds of winter wheat, spring barley, oats and maize with ozone concentration in the ozone-air mixture equal to 4.21, 2.57, 1.45 and 1.87 mg/m3, respectively. If the ozonizer fails to maintain a specified operating mode, then the dose of ozone treatment should be regarded. The ozone treatment dose for winter wheat varies from 96 to 234 min mg/m3, for spring barley – from 84 to 116 min mg/m3, for oats – from 45 to 86 min mg/m3, for maize – from 32 to 75 min mg/m3. In this case, it will be necessary to calculate the ozonation time depending on the actual concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture. The average duration of pre-sowing ozone treatment of grain crops is 38 minutes.

PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN DEPENDS ON INOCULATION AND FERTILIZING IN THE CONDITIONS OF RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE

At the current stage of world agricultural production development, soy occupies the leading place among the most critical high-protein and oil crops. Ukraine is the leader in soybean production on the Eurasian continent, however, the biological yield potential of domestic soybean varieties is not yet sufficiently realized, and therefore there is a need to find ways to increase the productivity of soybean agro phytocoenoses. The basis of the creation of the dry weight of the soybean seed crop, like any agricultural crop, is photosynthesis. The intensity of which reflects plants' reaction to the conditions of growth and development, including the technological model of cultivation. Therefore, studying laws that determine the photosynthesis process productivity is an essential way of managing the level of crop productivity. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of seed inoculation by microbial preparation of multifunctional action Phosphonitragin and rates and terms of mineral fertilizers application on photosynthetic and seed productivity formation. Visual, measuring-weighing, calculation, and statistical-mathematical methods of observation and research were used during the research. Field research was conducted during 2013-2016 at the experimental field of the State Enterprise "DG Salivonkivske" of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental site is a typical low-humus chernozem. Humus content in the 0-20 cm layer - 4.55%, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen (according to Kornfield) - 154-160 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphorus (according to Chirikov) - 43-55 mg/kg of soil, exchangeable potassium - 94-106 mg/kg of soil, the pH of the salt extract is 6.7-7.1. The field experiment was laid according to the scheme: factor A - variety: Vilshanka (early ripening), Suzirya (medium ripening); factor B – pre-sowing seeds treatment: without inoculation, bacterial preparation Phosphonitragin; factor C – mineral fertilizer: without fertilizers (control); P60K60; N15P60K60; N30P60K60; N45P60K60; P60K60 +N15; N15Р60K60 + N15; N30Р60K60 + N15. Phosphorous and potash fertilizers were applied during the main tillage, nitrogen fertilizers were applied in accordance with the scheme of the experiment: for pre-sowing cultivation and extra-feeding of soybean plants in the budding phase. Seed inoculation was carried out by a complex bacterial preparation based on phosphorus-mobilizing microorganisms (B. mucilaginosus) and strains of nodule bacteria (Br. japonicum). In our research, both soybean varieties were characterized by a high level of leaf surface growth, but the medium-ripe Suzirya variety formed a larger leaf area in all phases of development. The most powerful in terms of size - at the level of 34.3-44.9 thousand m2/ha (variety Vilshanka) and 35.5-46.4 thousand m2/ha (variety Suzirya) - the leaf surface in soybean crops was formed in the phase of seeds swelling. The growth of the maximum leaf area was ensured by the combined action of the inoculant and mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P60K60 + N15 – 44.9-46.4 thousand m2/ha. The highest content of chlorophyll pigments was noted for the retail application of nitrogen fertilizers - N30 in pre-sowing cultivation on the background of P60K60 and N15 in extra-feeding the budding phase. Compared with a single application of the same amount of nitrogen fertilizers sum of chlorophyll "a" and "c" content was increased by 0.26-0.30 mg/g of raw mass. Bacterization of soybean seeds by Phosphonitragin increased the content of chlorophylls a+b by 20.0-23.1%. Improvement of nutrition conditions due to the introduction of mineral fertilizers and seeds bacterization by Phosphonitragin had a positive effect on the formation of the net productivity of photosynthesis. Seed inoculation provided an increase in the dry matter by 20.0-29.1%, application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers by 16.1-17.7%, complete mineral fertilizer by 22.0-45.0% (Vilshanka variety) and 19.1-44.1% (Suzirya variety), including the retail application of nitrogen fertilizers - by 41.0-45.0 and 37.3-44.1%, respectively. The most productive according to this indicator - at the level of 6.28-7.04 t/ha, were the options where seeds were inoculated by Phosphonitragin and N15-30Р60K60 + N15 was applied in the budding phase. In all years of research, the medium-ripe variety Suzirya formed a higher yield of dry mass. According to the results of the correlation-regression analysis, it was determined that the strength of the relationship between the yield level is significant and closely correlated with dry matter accumulation - the correlation coefficient for the Vilshanka variety is r = 0.957, for the Suzirya variety - r = 0.971. The main criterion for evaluating the performance of the photosynthetic potential is the yield level. The maximum yield - at the level of 2.86 t/ha (early-ripening variety Vilshanka) and 3.15 t/ha (medium-ripening variety Suzirya) was formed in the areas with the highest photosynthetic productivity. Compared to the absolute control the yield increase in the specified options was 53.9 and 44.6%.

Determination of Suitable Pre-sowing Seed Treatments and Fertilizer Doses for Mass Production of Quality Nursery Stock of Oroxylum indicum

Oroxylum indicum, commonly known as ‘Shyonak’, Shivnak’ or ‘Indian trumpet flower’, is an important medicinal tree found in India and South East Asia. Various parts of this tree possess immense medicinal properties, which are utilized to cure various diseases. Being highly valuable source of medicinal formulations, this tree is overexploited and is listed as vulnerable and endangered in saveral parts of India. So, there is an urgent need for conservation of this species through mass multiplication. With the objective to produce good quality nursery stock of Oroxylum indicum, the present study was conducted to test the effect of different pre-sowing seeds treatments on seed germination along with the effect of different fertilizer doses for production of good quality seedlings in the nursery. The study revealed that treatment of soaking seeds in water for twelve hours resulted in highest germination per cent (64.44%) and also exhibited better growth parameters of the seedlings than that in the control. Effect of different fertilizers viz. Neem coated urea, Potassium Nitrate, Calcium nitrate and Ammonium Sulphate was studied on the seedlings, where the highest growth (21.42% increase in height) was recorded in application of Neem coated urea at a dose of 3.5 g/l.

Enhancing Germination of Seeds of Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens Using Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments in Botswana

Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens are indigenous trees found in North and Central regions of Botswana. However, inadequate knowledge of their silviculture and decline in population due to deforestation, expanding settlements, infrastructure and agriculture are major threats to most indigenous tree species in Botswana. Like many indigenous tree species, Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens are slow-growing and are threatened by overexploitation for numerous uses. Because of the increased demand for medicinal uses, medicinal species such Cassia abbreviata are rapidly disappearing in many habitats and threatened to extinction. This study assessed the response of pre-sowing treatment methods on quiescency and germination of seeds of Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens tree species found in semiarid Savanna Ecozone of Botswana. Pre-sowing treatment included immersion in 98% undiluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, submergence in boiling water for one, two, three minutes and submerged in warm water for 24 hours, mechanical scarification of the seed coat and control. ANOVA showed that there is a highly significant difference (P < 0.0001) among the treatments of C. abbreviata in seed germination and no significant difference among the treatments of S. nigrescens. The highest germination percentage of C. abbreviata seeds was 81%, which was found from seeds immersed in H2SO4 for 30 minutes, while for S. nigrescens seeds, the highest germination percentage was 99%, which was found from seeds treated with mechanical scarification and those immersed in H2SO4 for 15 and 45 minutes. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of pretreatment methods on germination of C. abbreviata and S. nigrescens seeds. Based on these results, we recommend sulphuric acid and mechanical scarification as suitable seed pre-sowing treatments for enhancing the germination of C. abbreviata and S. nigrescens, respectively.

Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment with Bio Inoculants and Micronutrients on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Lentil

The field experiment entitled “Pre sowing seed treatment of bio inoculants and micronutrients on growth, yield and yield attributing traits of lentil (Lens culinaris L.)” var. Shekhar Masoor-2 was conducted during rabi at central reseach field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India during 2020 - 2021. The experiment consisted of 13 treatments which was laid in Randomized Block Design (RBD). Results revealed that seeds treated with T12 (Rhizobium + PSB + KMB + ZnSO4 + Ammonium molybdate) recorded maximum values in growth parameters viz., field emergence (%) 88.72%, plant height at 30, 60, 90 DAS with 6.97, 23.33, 45.2 cm Days to 50% flowering (72.67days), number of branches 5.07 branches per plant, number of pods per plant with 64.07 pods per plant, number of seeds per pod 1.85 seeds per pod. Similar results are observed in yield paramters where highest seed yield per plant was observed in T12 (Rhizobium + PSB + KMB + ZnSO4 + Ammonium molybdate) with 3.79 g and seed yield per plot 107.4 g.

The quality of spring wheat and barley grain under the influence of protective-stimulating preparations in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the fungicide Lamador and the humic preparation Rostok on the quality of spring wheat and spring barley in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. According to the yield, we found that pre-sowing seeds treatment with Lamador protectant and joint treatment with Rostock contributed to an increase in yield by 0.70 t/ha of spring wheat and 0.15 t/ha of spring barley, in the option with the pre-sowing seeds treatment with Lamador protectant and Rostock preparation by 0.90 t/ha and 0.10 t/ha. The highest yield of spring wheat was noted in the third option – 4.10 t/ha, of spring barley in the second option – 3.52 t/ha. An increase in the thousand kernel weight was noted in the crops under study. The highest thousand kernel weight was observed for spring wheat and spring barley in the third option – 30.2 g and 54.3 g, respectively. The maximum protein content in the spring wheat grain was noted in the third option –13.3%, which is higher than the control option by 1.3%, for spring barley we also noted protein increase by 0.4-0.5%. Thus, the experimental application of the fungicide Lamador together with the preparation Rostok for wheat seeds treatment demonstrated a positive effect of the protectants on plants in the agro-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region and contributed to an increase in crop yield by 28% for spring wheat and 4% for spring barley, which proved the need for their use in the plant protection system, to increase the productivity and quality of the grain obtained.

Pre-sowing treatment of vetch hairy seeds, viсia villosa using ultraviolet irradiation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Aiming to increase crop yield the antimicrobial/bacterial or fungicidal pre-sowing seed treatment received more attention in modern agronomy. Ultraviolet-C irradiation of pre-sowing seeds is an environmentally friendly method that became of great importance in recent years. It is, hereafter, being shown that, along with known antimicrobial use, there is additional important advantage of Ultraviolet-C irradiation of pre-sowing seeds. It was revealed that Ultraviolet-C radiation on Vetch Hairy seeds stimulates seeds germination and vigour.METHODS: Various doses of Ultraviolet-Cirradiation of seeds were used. The main sowing qualities of seeds were determined: seed vigour and germination, as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments in plant leaves and the main parameters of the kinetic values of hydration – moisture and hydration rate.FINDINGS: It was found that ultraviolet-C radiation has a positive effect on sowing qualities and content of photosynthetic pigments in plant leaves of Vetch vary. The most effective dose of ultraviolet irradiation applied to vetch hairy seeds; vicia villosa was 1000 J/m2. At this dose the seed vigour increases by 23.6%, germination by 15.1%, the mass of germinated seeds by 17.3%, the content of a- and b-chlorophyll by 12.4%, and 17.5%, respectively, the carotenoid content increased by 13.9%. The parameters of seeds hydration kinetics such as moisture content and hydration rate were determined. It was revealed that the hydration rate of seeds increased significantly in the first 100-minute time range. Later in time the hydration rate progressively decreased, achieving a saturated moisture content after 700 minutes. Additionally, it was found that Ultraviolet-C irradiation decreases the imbibition damage.CONCLUSION: The results indicated that ultraviolet-C irradiation has a positive effect on sowing qualities of Vetch Hairy seeds, thus, could be proposed as a promising candidate for application in treatment pre-sowing agriculture seeds.

Pre-sowing Seed Treatment with Organic and Inorganic Treatments on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Desi Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Variety (Pusa-362)

The field experiment entitled “Pre-sowing seed treatment with organic and inorganic treatments on growth, yield and yield attributes of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”variety (Pusa-362) was conducted during rabi at Field Experimentation Centre of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India during 2020 - 2021. The experiment consisted of 13 treatments which was laid in Randomized Block Design (RBD). Results revealed that seeds treated with T9 (vermiwash 6% solution) recorded maximum values in growth parameters viz., germination percentage at 4,7,14 DAS with 10.833%, 44.17, 74.17%, plant height at 30, 60, 90 DAS with 16.60, 41.00, 53.80 cm Days to flowering (74.67 days), number of branches 6.93 branches per plant, number of pods per plant with 36.10 pods per plant, number of seeds 52.30 seeds per plant and pod weight per plant with 24.49 gm. Similar results were observed in yield parameters where highest seed yield per plant was observed in T9 (vermiwash 6% solution) with 30.35 gm and seed yield per plot 171.7 gm.

Pre-Sowing Seed Traetments of Panchagavya and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield And Yield Attributing Traits of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Variety-IPF (4-9)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2020 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHAUTS, PRAYAGRAJ, (U.P.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and comprised of 13 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments which are T0 -Control, T1-Panchagavya 3%, T2-Panchagavya 5%, T3- Panchagavya 5%, T4-Panchagavya 5%, T5- Gibberellic acid 10 ppm for 6 hours, T6-Gibberllic acid 10ppm for 12 hours, T7- Gibberellic aid 15ppm for 6 hours, T8-Gibberlic acid 15 ppm for 12hours, T9-IAA at 50 ppm, T10-IAA at 100 ppm, T11-NAA at 50 ppm, T12-NAA at 100 ppm used. The result showed that viz., Field emergence, Plant height 90 DAS, Days to 50% flowering, Number of branches, Days to maturity, Number of pods per plant, Number of seed per pod, Seed yield per plant (gm), Biological yield (gm), Seed index (gm) and Harvest index were recorded significantly highest in the treatment of T8-Gibberllic acid 15 ppm for 12 hours and the least performance was observed in T0-Control when compared to other treatments. Hence, the seed treatment of Gibberellic acid 15ppm for 12hours could be recommended for the Field Pea.

Germination and the Initial Seedling Growth of Lettuce, Celeriac and Wheat Cultivars after Micronutrient and a Biological Application Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment.

Seed treatments with zinc, boron, biostimulant Coveron and MIX (zinc + boron + Coveron) were applied to three lettuce and three celeriac cultivars. Seeds of three wheat cultivars were treated under laboratory conditions with Trichoderma harzianum and eight Bacillus spp. Seed germination, seedling growth, and the presence of the following pathogens were determined: Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., and Mucor sp. The Coveron treatment was the most effective on lettuce seeds tested in the germination cabinet. Seed germination was higher by 4% than in the control. Alternatively, germination of seeds treated with boron in the greenhouse was higher by 12% than in the control. The Coveron treatment had the highest effect on the shoot length, which was greater by 0.7 and 2.1 cm in the germination cabinet and the greenhouse, respectively. This treatment was also the most effective on the root length. Zn, B, and MIX treatments increased celeriac seed germination by 14% in the germination cabinet. The Zn treatment was the most efficient on seeds tested in the greenhouse. The germination was higher by 15%. A significant cultivar × treatment interaction was determined in both observed species under both conditions. The maximum effect on wheat seed germination (8%) was achieved with the T. harzianum treatment in the Salazar cultivar. A significant interdependence (p ≤ 0.01 to p ≤ 0.001) was established between seed germination and the seedling growth. The interrelationship between seed germination and pathogens of all cultivars was negative.