Pragmatic Properties Research Articles

Simulating semantic change: A methodological note

The current work discusses the Human Diachronic Simulation Paradigm (HUDSPA), a method to experimentally probe into historical meaning change set up to (i) scan for configurations similar to attested alterations of meaning but in (typically, but not necessarily, related) languages or varieties which did not actualize the change(s) under investigations; (ii) measure the reactions of native speakers in order to ascertain the verisimilitude as well as the particular semantic and pragmatic properties of the items scrutinized. Specifically, the present paper discusses the relative propensity of a particularizer (German eben) to be interpreted with comparatively high confidence as a scalar additive particle such as even and of a concessive item like English though to be interpreted similar to a modal particle along the lines of German doch.

CP Complements to D

Despite their apparent simplicity, the structure of DPs containing “complement” CPs (what we will call DCs) has long been obscure. One major strand of investigation has attempted to assimilate DCs to (close) nominal apposition, implying that N and CP form a structural unit that then combines with D. Danish has two kinds of DCs, a bare DC with the superficial structure [D N CP] and a prepositional DC in which the CP is encased in a PP. Exploiting clues provided by the allomorphy of the definite morpheme, we argue that the bare and prepositional DCs have very different structures, neither of which can be assimilated to apposition between N and CP. We further show that the two kinds of DC have distinct semantic and pragmatic properties. We then argue that English also has two different structures for DCs, and that they are plausibly parallel to the structures we establish for Danish. We conclude by arguing that two distinct structures give rise to the “apposition” relation: in one case it is between coarguments of D and in the other it is nonrestrictive composition.

I hope they don't get forgotten. A descriptive corpus-based approach to get-passives with verbs of cognition in English

It is widely held in the literature that English get-passives are only found with dynamic predicates, stative verbs being excluded from it. However, based on an extensive corpus-based analysis of occurrences with the verbs forget, know, remember, understand and believe, this article shows that the get-passive with stative verbs of cognition, although infrequent, does occur in English. The so-called cognitive get-passive is then examined in relation to the formal, semantic and pragmatic properties commonly claimed to define central get-passives with dynamic verbs. The analysis reveals, on the one hand, that these features are not equally relevant in the characterisation of these sentences and, on the other, that there exist strong interconnections between them and the lexical properties of the verbs analysed.

Realis converbs and irrealis converbs in Hwari Tibetan

Abstract This article analyzes the realis converbs and irrealis converbs in Hwari (Dpa’ ris) Tibetan, an Amdo Tibetan dialect spoken in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, China. One peculiarity of Hwari Tibetan morphosyntax is the existence of a large set of converbal suffixes. A survey of previous descriptions reveals a lack of consensus in the analysis of these converbs. They have been included in the framework of Written Tibetan too often, which has led to confusion regarding their typological status. A primary objective of our paper is to rectify this approach by describing the language on its own terms by comparing the morphosyntactic behavior of eight selected suffixes with regard to relevant criteria, such as realis and irrealis. This empirical research feeds back into the theoretical discussion, as it shows that the Hwari Tibetan converbs can be described using conventional typological concepts if construed appropriately. Our second objective is to explain the semantic and pragmatic properties of these converbs, particularly -na and -ta. The conclusion is that the two converb types are located along a continuum from realis/irrealis to positive/negative, thus constituting an instantiation of syntax-semantics isomorphism. The clause chaining in Hwari Tibetan is representative. By describing the converbs in Hwari Tibetan from the perspective of realis and irrealis, and by focusing on the syntactic properties and pragmatic features of -Ce in realis converbs and -Ca in irrealis converbs, it is revealed that the irrealis converbs -na and -ta function in a unique way in Hwari Tibetan.

Pragmatic information in an orthoepic dictionary. Current state and needs

For language users, language is a certain continuum along which the boundary between semantics and pragmatics blurs and where phenomena from both planes are related to the concept of language norm (linguistic standard, literary norm) and the proper use of linguistic units is not limited to complying with the rules of grammar or respecting their strict meaning. An important component of the proper use of language is the pragmatically adequate selection of the available language means. The question of a methodological nature is the way in which pragmatic information is introduced to such lexicons. Traditionally, usage labels are used for this purpose. Sometimes, however, in order for an orthoepic dictionary to really fulfi l its function, pragmatic information should be presented in a more descriptive, narrative manner. The pragmatic aspect of the language norm can be described in a dictionary not only in the “pragmatic tabs” of specifi c entries but it can also be captured comprehensively, as a “theoretical article” relating either to the pragmatic properties of certain word categories (e.g. diminutives, children’s vocabulary, metaphors relating to people). Keywords: pragmatics – orthoepic dictionary – language norm – correctness

Body-Part Morphemes in Matis (Panoan)

Grammatical and pragmatic aspects of body-part constructions represent relevant theme for typological and functional researches in the Amerindian languages. Despite the researches on body-part morphemes in the Matis language since the beginning of the 21st century, studies have been restricted to brief inventories and to the description of isolated clauses. In the present article, I describe the extended body-part inventory and the typological aspects of the Matis body-part morphemes. In doing so, it is proposed the systemic functional analysis of its lexicogrammatical features and pragmatic properties in contextual constructions of narratives collected in fieldwork. The findings of this analysis shows that, in clause chaining constructions, the functional relation of body-part morphemes and its possessor is established on referential progression by means of the participant agreement in the switch-reference system. Moreover, prefixed verbs can be preceded by the correspondent body-part nouns to convey focus expression, and polysyllabic nouns can also indicate topic function when structured at the beginning of the clause. The systemic functional analysis of the body-part morphemes through textual data seek to collaborate on the knowledge of the interaction between lexicogrammatical and pragmatic systems in the Matis language.

Lexical Cycles in Modern Russian

The article is focused on temporal lexical cycles in Russian – groups of words united by semantic relations of sequence and recurrence. Semantic and pragmatic properties of names-constituents of the day (утро-день-вечер-ночь), week (понедельник-вторник-среда-четверг-пятница-суббота-воскресенье), season (весна-лето-осень-зима) and year (январь-февраль-март-апрель-май-июнь-июль-авгукст-сентябрь-октябрь-ноябрь-декабрь) lexical cycles in Russian which become evident in the course of lexicographic, contextual, derivational and phraseological analysis, testify to the heterogeneity of the cyclical structures (e.g. natural, event-based and conventional ones; terminological/non-terminological: with rigid/non-rigid boundaries, etc.). Most significant is the salience of some member elements within the cycle (ночь ‘night’ in the day cycle, лето ‘summer’, весна  ‘spring’ in the seasonal cycle, etc.). Knowledge of ontological features of the time period named, of activity related to it and subjective-evaluative associations’ language users may have on the basis of this information function as the foundation of the salience of cyclical members.

Naming Of Newspaper Text: Pragmatic Properties Of The Title

This article analyzes issues related to the expression of types of speech acts in the headlines of the newspaper text, phenomena related to hidden content, as well as the author's idea when naming the newspaper text.

Instruments for assessing organisational capacity for use of evidence in health sector policy making: a systematic scoping review

Background Assessing individual and organisational capacity for evidence use is essential for developing evidence-based strategies. Aims and objectives This study aimed to assess the psychometric and practical properties of existing tools to assess the capacity to use evidence at the individual and organisational levels of health policy and identify the best instruments. Methods A systematic review of the databases of ISI Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed was conducted up to 6 June 2018. Search engines, websites of key organisations, and the reference lists of selected articles were also used to find relevant studies. The search strategy for each database was written individually. Psychometric properties were assessed using the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (SEPT) and pragmatic properties were assessed using the protocol proposed by Lewis et al (2018). Simple statistics were used to describe the psychometric and pragmatic properties of the identified instruments. Results Overall, 16 instruments were identified. SEER had the highest validity score. Reliability was estimated for 38% of the instruments. Responsiveness was assessed in only 19% of the studies. The results showed that internal consistency was reported for 40% of the articles using statistical analysis. Pragmatic properties of the studied instruments were verified; 75% usefulness, 56% actionability, 50% sensitive to change and 56% user-friendly, 19% compatible, 38% feasibility. Discussion and conclusions There are few instruments with strong psychometric evidence, and without high-quality instruments, it would be difficult to determine the factors that affect implementation. Therefore, special attention is needed for the systematic development of instruments and their reporting standards.

Admonishing

Abstract This paper examines the pragmatic properties of what we define as a ritual act of ‘admonishing’. We argue that admonishing represents a historically embedded realisation type of the speech act Suggest. We explore admonishing in ancient Chinese political and governance texts dated before the 2nd century BC. The results of our analysis show that admonishing often not only affords but even triggers paradoxical pragmatic behaviour. This paradox stems from the fact that, in many historical linguacultures like the ancient Chinese, admonishing was directed at a recipient, most typically a ruler, who was more highly ranked than the admonisher himself. While this context normally precluded threatening the recipient’s face, admonishing was realised in a ritual frame in which such a face threat was deindividuated. In pragmatics, a research gap exists in the study of the historical act of admonishing, and so the current study fills a knowledge gap.

Linguistic developments from the perspective of the modern linguistic lesson

based on tracing the most important linguistic developments witnessed by the modern linguistic lesson around the world, which included the field of syntax and semantics, and transcended them to deliberativeness, highlighting the most important linguistic systems, and the efforts initiated by linguistics scholars represented in the transformation from structural linguistics to functional linguistics, and the latest The findings of contemporary linguistic studies. First: structural linguistics: Structuralism is a philosophical approach that is based mainly on the abstract form and the apparent image, and includes theories that deal with the formal aspect or the apparent form of the linguistic structure regardless of the function for which the language was found in itself or the function that these structures were formed to perform. ”It includes the linguistic theories that consider that natural languages are patterns An abstract whose structures can be studied in isolation from its function of communicating within societies' (1) Based on this principle, some structural studies concerned the characteristics of the formal text on the basis that it is a system of abstract units and structures without paying attention to its semantic and pragmatic properties that interact significantly with the formal properties, and from these structural studies: European structural theory and American structural theory, we try here To dwell on some of what we are interested in from what the two theories dealt with after we have identified the most important pioneers.

The psychometric and pragmatic evidence rating scale (PAPERS) for measure development and evaluation.

To rigorously measure the implementation of evidence-based interventions, implementation science requires measures that have evidence of reliability and validity across different contexts and populations. Measures that can detect change over time and impact on outcomes of interest are most useful to implementers. Moreover, measures that fit the practical needs of implementers could be used to guide implementation outside of the research context. To address this need, our team developed a rating scale for implementation science measures that considers their psychometric and pragmatic properties and the evidence available. The Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale (PAPERS) can be used in systematic reviews of measures, in measure development, and to select measures. PAPERS may move the field toward measures that inform robust research evaluations and practical implementation efforts.

Pragmatic and Discursive Properties of the English Language Business Discourse in the Form of Online Conference

Pragmatic and Discursive Properties of the English Language Business Discourse in the Form of Online Conference

SEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE PRAGMATIC PROPERTIES OF POLITICAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

The article is devoted to the analysis of an urgent problem of modern phraseology – functioning of phraseological units in political discourse. The purpose of the article is to describe the main tasks of a semiological study of the pragmatic properties of phraseological units in the space of political communication. The use of the semiological approach to the analysis of the role of phraseological units in achieving a certain communicative purpose involves the analysis of the virtual and urgent meanings of a language unit in their inseparable connection and the analysis of the process of actualization of the virtual meaning in speech. The research material includes political phraseological units that are genetically related to political discourse and nominate political realities. The semantic features of these language units allow them to act as an effective verbal means of creating a pragmatic effect. Semiological analysis of political phraseological units helps to identify the degree of their pragmatic charge (the semantically determined ability of a language unit to participate in achieving a communicative effect) and pragmatic capacity (the ability to realize the set of pragmatic potential of a language unit in a particular context), and allows to describe the necessary conditions (type of context) for the actualization of certain pragmatic meanings. The article contains the results of a semiological analysis of the implementation of the pragmatic properties of such political phraseological units as pragmatically charged, pragmatically neutral political phraseological units and the phraseological units that have undergone structural and semantic modification in political discourse.

Contaminated coherence in English multimodal literary fairy tales: dynamics of pragmatic properties

Contaminated coherence in English multimodal literary fairy tales: dynamics of pragmatic properties

PRAGMATIC AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL PHRASEOGRAPHY BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN AND ARABIC LANGUAGES

Statement of the problem. This paper is devoted to the design of the educational Russian-Arabic phraseological dictionary within the framework of pragmatic and cultural orientation. The article analyzes existing phraseological dictionaries, which are used to determine the criteria for creating a training Russian-Arabic phraseological dictionary. It also describes the stages of its construction. The article examines the criteria for selecting phraseological units and aphorisms and composing a language minimum, in which phraseological units and aphorisms with a cultural component of semantics are of particular interest. Methods of semantization of these language units are analyzed, among which special attention is paid to cultural commentary. Results. The paper analyzes explanatory and bilingual phraseological dictionaries of different eras, and shows their advantages and disadvantages. The composition of phraseology is investigated, the stages of creating an educational Russian-Arabic phraseological dictionary are outlined, criteria for selection, classification, as well as the semantization of phraseological units and aphorisms are offered. Conclusion. The correct perception and use of phraseological units and aphorisms of the Russian language by foreign students requires an adapted bilingual phraseological dictionary. A phraseological dictionary creation assumes the decision of a question on the composition of the phraseology. We believe that the reproducibility of language units is a common denominator and therefore an important criterion for including aphorisms in phraseology on an equal basis with phraseological units, but still taking into account the peculiarities of each language unit. It seems to us that the pragmatic and culturological aspects of modern bilingual phraseography lies in the need to build a dictionary taking into account, firstly, the communicative significance of phraseological units and aphorisms, secondly, the pragmatic function of these units, i.e. their purposeful impact on the addressee, and thirdly, their cultural content and its sign relationship with the language. Therefore, when designing the macrostructure of a dictionary entry, it is necessary not only to give the pragmatic properties of phraseological units and aphorisms, i.e. features of denotative relationships, emotional evaluation, style, cultural saturation, but also to reveal under what conditions and for what purpose these units were produced.

PROSODICS ON RESEARCH

The article deals with the research conducted in world linguisticson the issues of prosody. Thoughts on the study of the pragmatic properties ofprosodic means were also considered.

ПОСТПОЗИТИВНИ ЧЛАН И ДЕМОНСТРАТИВНЕ ЗАМЕНИЦЕ У УРБАНОМ ПИРОТСКОМ ВАРИЈЕТЕТУ

The paper investigates the semantic and pragmatic properties of the postpositive definite article and demonstratives in Serbian TimokLužnice dialect. In the literature, there is a consensus on the evaluation that the definite article morpheme functions both as a demonstrative and an article (BELIĆ 1905; STANOJEVIĆ 1911; BOGDANOVIĆ 1979; ĆIRIĆ 1893) and that “the demonstrative nuances still exist in the article” (VUKADINOVIĆ 1996: 203), without a thorough analysis in what conditions the utterance receives a demonstrative or a definite interpretation. We will show that there are contexts in which either the article or the demonstrative is pragmatically acceptable for native speakers. Namely, the results of a conducted research in which the speakers evaluated the pragmatic acceptability of an utterance in a given context on a 3point Likert scale unequivocally show that the definite article is used to mark discourse-old relational nouns’ referents, uniqueness, associative anaphora and generic noun phrases, while demonstratives regularly appear with contrastive deictic referential phrases and in emphatic nonepithetic contexts.

Дискурсивна амбівалентність в іллокутивних мовленнєвих актах сучасного англомовного діалогічного дискурсу

The article focuses on the analysis of discursive ambivalence in illocutionary speech acts. The paper examines pragmatic properties of strategic discursive illocutionary speech acts in modern English dialogic discourse. It is suggested that discursive ambivalence is characterized by discursive intention, i. e. what discursive development the speaker wants to create by the utterance. Discursive intents may differ according to the perlocutionary intents the speaker has in mind .

Genericity in L2 French and L3 English: a pragmatic deficit with a semantic consequence

ABSTRACT This study investigates the acquisition of genericity in L2 French and L3 English. While some exponents become generic by assembling morphological, syntactic and discursive cues, definite singular nominals additionally require the well-established kind restriction. It is a pragmatic and language-specific constraint. The participants are L1 Arabic adults advanced in L2 French, L1 Arabic-L2 French adults advanced in L3 English, French controls and English controls. An acceptability judgement interpretation task shows that the learners develop nativelike interpretation of well-established kind definite generics that cluster morphological, semantic and discourse cues. However, they interpret non-well-established nominals generically in violation of the pragmatic restriction. Thus, a deficit in pragmatic knowledge leads to the semantic misinterpretation of non-generic nominals in the L2/L3 interlanguage. The study suggests that language-specific pragmatic properties are subject to differential acquisition compared to other properties, even if they all belong to the same external interface. The deficit is due to L1 Arabic transfer. The study claims that pragmatic properties that determine interpretation outcomes are eventually acquirable. Finally, the outcome of L3 acquisition may be another instance of L2 acquisition at the advanced stages. The L2 and L3 ultimate attainment grammar is similar, in terms of knowledge of genericity.