Pragmalinguistic Analysis Research Articles

Functional and pragmatic parameters of speech acts with the explicit mode of ignorance in scientific dialogue

The article is about identifying functional aspects of 1st-person statements with the explicit mode of ignorance (messages like I do not know… / We don’t know… I don’t know / We don’t know ...) in scientific discussions as a genre of scientific discourse. The relevance of the analysis is predetermined by the necessity to study various parameters of discourse (including both epistemic and pragmatic) as closely connected. The main research method is contextual and pragmalinguistic analysis. The sources of the material are transcripts of modern English and Russian scientific discussions in various fields of knowledge. The article identifies the illocutionary properties of ignorant statements, establishes their pragmatic functions, as well as determines their position in the traditional classification of speech acts. Taking into account the illocutionary orientation of references to ignorance makes it possible to identify representative, interrogative, axiological varieties of ignorance messages as well as their subtypes differentiated on the basis of the degree of their expressiveness, their vector of evaluation, the nature of the representative and interrogative role of speech acts with the mode of ignorance: fully expressive and conditionally expressive, positive and negative, preventive and hesitative, etc. The criterion “pragmatic functions” helps us specify additional functions of references to ignorance in scientific dialogue: to indicate a certain degree of the speaker’s epistemic responsibility for their words, to serve as a means of avoiding the answer, a way to prevent criticism, etc. Moreover, the work identifies factors determining the illocutionary nature of ignorance speech acts: the surface structure of the message, the general context of utterance, the position of the ignorance message in the dialogical unity, sincerity and felicity conditions of speech acts formulated as ignorance messages. References to ignorance are concluded to be quite a significant phenomenon in the structure of scientific dialogue, since they perform a number of important functions in it. The analysis scheme can be used to study statements with other explicit modes (knowledge, opinions, etc.) in various types of discourse.

Искусственно сгенерированный академический текст (лингвопрагматический аспект)

In the process of integrating ‘artificial intelligence’ (AI) technologies into academic discourse, the procedure of writing an academic text is changing, and a new type of communicative interaction is formed – AI as the author of a ‘generated text’ (GТ) and a human being as the recipient of a text from AI. The aim of the study is to substantiate the perception of such a text by the recipient from the point of view of pragmalinguistic analysis on the basis of the identified features and indicators. An analysis of the functioning of artificially generated academic text is presented (5 scientific texts were generated by the Mahtext system). For the first time machine text is considered as an ‘speech act’ in three directions of its realisation: plan of expression, content and prediction. It is revealed that the neural network as a text author cannot transform and convey any attitude to the addressee (recipient), just as it cannot consciously influence him through its texts and have pragmatic intentions. The novelty of the study consists in the following: 1) for the first time we consider not an anthropological text, but an AI text; 2) as a result of pragmalinguistic analysis are revealed 7 main features and 7 indicators of GT; 3) the concept of ‘artificial speech act’ is proposed for the first time.

Специфика перевода рекламных слоганов в Рунете

Marketing of goods and services includes active advertising activities, which are implemented primarily in the web space. One of his pragmatically effective tools is an advertising slogan, a formulaic means of marketing communication, which is studied in the paradigm of modern linguistics in various aspects. This article is devoted to solving a translatological problem, i.e. identifying the translation specifics of advertising slogans in the web space. The material of this study is the texts of advertising slogans in English, functioning in the Internet space, and their translation into Russian. During the analysis, advertising slogans involved in the global advertising discourse in the period from 1993 to 2023 were used. The authors use methods of pragmalinguistic analysis, as well as techniques of interpretative analysis with elements of content and intent analysis. The peculiarities of the linguistic composition of the original slogans in English are revealed, due to the correlation of the slogan with a group of goods. The main translation solutions in the translation of slogans are transcription, adaptation, and lexical transformation. The pragmatic effect of the texts of the original slogans and their translations in the focus of marketing communication is determined and described. The logic of translation decisions and the factors influencing the preservation of slogans in the original language in the target linguaculture are established.

Code-Switching in Bashkir Takhmaks-Chastushkas (Pragmatic Aspects)

This paper presents a pragma-linguistic analysis of language switches observed in samples of Takhmaks-Chastushkas, a genre of Bashkir folk songs with a wide thematic range performed in a recitative and melodicrecitative style. The material for analysis comes from expedition records of the authors, samples of Takhmaks-Chastushkas included in a separate volume of the multi-volume systematic scientific publication “Bashkir Folk Creativity”. It is demonstrated that a large number of bilingual Takhmaks function in Bashkir song folklore, their emergence influenced by centuries-old language contacts and the prolonged cohabitation of representatives of the Bashkir and Russian peoples on the same territory. Key pragmatic functions of code-switching (humorous, rhyme-forming, and referential) are identified, which can be combined within one realization of codeswitching. Despite differences between the two language systems, the composer of Takhmaks achieves semantic, compositional, and structural integrity of the text by mixing lexemes from the Bashkir and Russian languages. It is emphasized that code-switching is done to create a humorous effect, attract the audience’s attention, maintain rhyme and rhythm of the Takhmak, and compensate for speech gaps. If foreign material is replaced with native language content and brought into line with the norms of the native language, Takhmaks lose their humorous nuance.

ПОСЛОВИЦА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ УТЕШЕНИЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО И НЕМЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ)

The relevance of this article lies in the priority of communicative pragmatics, in the development of such a new integral research area as psychoparemiology, in the interest of researchers in comforting and in the need to study the pragmatic potential of proverbs that can realize the intention of comforting in application to Germanic languages. The purpose of this work is to classify the proverbs of the English and German languages in accordance with the goals of comforting they realize and the ways to achieve these goals. Five groups of proverbs can be singled out by means of pragmalinguistic analysis. Proverbs of the first group can be used to change the negative attitude of the comforted person towards the situation to a positive one. They point out positive aspects of the situation or the possibility to benefit from it, minimize the problem, ask the comforted to be content with what is available to them. Proverbs of the second group assure that everything that happens is destined and claim that human hardships are inevitable, while joys are finite. They can also point out the impossibility to change past events. Proverbs of the third group make the comforted person gather strength, indicating positive effects of trials and challenges. They also instill hope that challenges can be overcome and the situation can change for the better. The fourth group aims at influencing the comforted person’s emotions by stating that distress is harmful and will be alleviated over time. Proverbs of the fifth group justify the actions of the interlocutor by claiming that mistakes can help a person gain important experience, they are in the human nature and inevitable and are not so bad compared to more damaging actions. Key words: communicative pragmatics, psychoparemiology, dialogue, comforting, proverbs

A pragmalinguistic analysis of Im/Politeness in selected Nigerian Open Letters

This study aims to examine the pragmatic and linguistic aspects of politeness and impoliteness in Nigerian open letters. Its objectives are to: examine how linguistic choices indicate [im]politeness and investigate how common ground influences the expression of im/politeness in the selected open letters. The study employed the qualitative research method while it deployed the purposive sampling technique to select two open letters written to two sitting presidents in the Fourth Republic between 1999 and 2015. The Presidents were Olusegun Obasanjo and Goodluck Ebele Jonathan. Only the letters that centred on political matters and the state of the nation were considered in this study. The study uses the pragmalinguistic framework of Geoffrey Leech (2014) to analyse how im/politeness is grammticalised in the selected open letters. The analysis showed that iterative lexical such as ‘never’, more, many and routine iterative lexis are deployed with the Irony Principle (innuendo) to activate face threatening acts to attack the recipient’s face. From the analysis, it was revealed that the use of the iterative verb ‘repeat’ presupposes the writers’ misalignments with the recipient’s allegation of breaching the maxim of quality, i.e., fabricating lies; the adverb ‘more’ reveals a determination to debunk the allegation of mediocrity, etc. The study concludes that the open letters grammaticalise im/politeness in such a way that an understanding of the political narrative background prompting the writing of the letters is indispensable.

PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS AND REACTIONS TO THEM IN A POLITICAL INTERVIEW

Provocative questions are one of the most effective techniques in a political interview. The article considers the communication strategies and tactics of politicians as a reaction to provocative questions, as well as the means of creating a provocation by journalists. The purpose of the study is to analyze provocative questions and responding replica of politicians. The article is a contribution to the study of political interviews as a special genre of political discourse, as well as to the development of a methodology for analyzing communication strategies and tactics. The main methods were the method of contextual analysis and pragmalinguistic analysis in combination with the method of component analysis. The analysis found that the journalist has a limited set of ways to construct provocations in questions of a political interview, in contrast to a set of strategies in the answers of politicians. The provocation of journalists was created with the help of such lexical and syntactic means as metaphors, irony, repetition, parallel constructions. To increase emotional pressure, enumerations with negatively colored pragmes, semantic markers of confidence were used. Politicians' responses included selfdefense, counter-attack, and avoidance strategies. The choice of a strategy and the way of its implementation is the reflection of such factor as the image of the politician. The value of the study and its practical significance lies in the use of its main results for research in the field of political communication, as well as in the practice of disciplines related to political linguistics.

Difficulty of Energy Expenditure of Brain When Using Written Speech

The structural organization of the brain matures between 16 and 22 years old when spontaneous contradictions in individual behavior appear with the greatest frequency which is caused by the duality of human consciousness based on the early maturing instinctive-hormonal centers of the limbic system and the late differentiating neocortical fields of voluntary thinking. When creating a written speech, limbic and cortical mechanisms of motivational control are used and individualize the resulting text. Personalization of writing meaningful texts is enhanced by the variability of brain structures involved in this process. We examined evolutionary morphofunctional systems to evaluate their biological value. Depending on individual priorities and motivational choices, written composition was carried out in two strategies. The first was the most general principle of saving the energy expenditure of the brain during any voluntary activity. The second was the mobilization of cortical centers with extremely high energy costs. To identify these differences, a pragmalinguistic analysis technique was developed in this study, supporting both strategies.

СЕМАНТИКА И ПРАГМАТИКА СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕДИА В АСПЕКТЕ МАНИПУЛЯТИВНОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ПОКОЛЕНИЕ Z

Pragmalinguistic analysis of media texts with a destructive component (violence, suicide, revenge, reprisals) is presented. A feature of the media content under study is: 1) the presence of a digital communicator – a digital platform (blog, messenger, social network, video, etc.) for broadcasting and replicating the communication process by the participants themselves (representatives of generation Z); 2) the place and role of a digital communicator in the implementation of a given destructive behavioral model. The transformation of axiosphere was revealed: there were axiological shifts in the conceptual field "LIFE-DEATH". Due to it we were able to identify the potential activity of the destructive vector of the homo digitalis behavioral model. The "axiologeme" is interpreted by us as a speech signal of hidden influence. In the text it acts as a lexical unit with code evaluation, which forms positive, neutral or negative associations: death (negative in psychological and emotional terms; neutral (logical conclusion of the life way) from the point of view of Christian morality in objective reality, neutral in virtual reality, as it is possible to reboot and positive (receiving bonuses: likes, discussions, comments). The development of influence plans ("positive-approving, neutral-indifferent or negativedisapproving") for the described events allowed us to identify the author's assessment of the media text with a destructive component. Positive-approving plan – 36.4%, negative-disapproving - 46.1%, and neutral-indifferent – 18.5%. These data reflect the prospects for the preservation/non-preservation of the axiosphere of Russian linguaculture.

Representation of a Perceptual Event in an Interview with an Artist

Introduction. The purpose of the research is to consider the linguistic actualization of the main characteristics of the artist's visual perception in the interview discourse. The relevance of the research is due to its inclusion in the context of modern anthropo-oriented study of cognition of the world by a creative person. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the process of perception of the world by an English-speaking artist is studied as an event within the framework of a complex linguistic and cognitive approach, which allows to analyze its specificity to the fullest extent.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the research was made up of the works of the linguists-cognitologists L.V. Laenko, I.Yu. Kolesov, psychologist V. A. Barabanshchikov who revealed distinctive characteristics of perceptual image and substantiated the expediency of perception as an event. The research material was interviews with English-speaking artists from the Internet versions of the newspapers devoted to the life and work of modern artists. The methods of lexico-semantic, frame, contextual and pragmalinguistic analysis were used.Results and discussion. The article reveals the peculiarities of visual perception of the world by contemporary English-speaking artists, which are reflected in the discourse of the interview. The author reveals the multidimensionality of a subject of perception, different ways of its representation on the verbal level: as an observer-actor and as a “offscreen” observer. The paper shows the specificity of visual perception of the world by the artist as a perceptual event that possesses spatial and temporal coordinates and such significant characteristics as dynamism, motivation, focus and emotionality. The denotative situation of perception is actualized in English by personal pronouns, active-action predicates, perceptual predicates, existential constructions, phase verbs, and state change predicates. The important feature of the artist's creative perception of the world is the forming of the necessity of representation in his consciousness perceptive image by means of painterly signs. As a result of such representation the given perceptive image receives the further development and becomes the basis for creating an artistic image to be embodied in an art work.Conclusion. In the interview with the artist there is a complex process of cognition of the world by the creative person, based on the perceptual event. Visual perception is represented by the artist as a directed activity, which is to learn and which requires certain efforts and motivation. As a result of the perceptual event that the artist experiences, an artistic image is formed that is actualized in the work of art.

Эмотивная компонента манипулятивных тактик (на материале русскоязычных текстов средств массовой информации)

The study aims to describe the pragmalinguistic features of the emotion-generating character of influencing texts in modern mass media. The scientific novelty of the paper is accounted for by carrying out a comprehensive psycho- and pragmalinguistic analysis of the nature of the emotivity category of modern media texts. As a result, it has been proved that the impact on the emotional sphere of an individual contributes to a significant increase in manipulative influence, provided that a set of emotemes focused on the recipient in specific communication conditions and realised by language markers and means of emotion expression is embedded in the content of the influencing text in accordance with the pragmatic intentions of its author.

ECOLINGUISTIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF MODERN ELECTRONIC BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

ECOLINGUISTIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF MODERN ELECTRONIC BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

Университетский медиадискурс как средство патриотического воспитания молодежи

Most institutions of higher education have official websites that are represented in social networks and messengers, thus providing students with relevant information. Patriotic education being a state priority, university media can also help to raise patriotism in students and develop an objective view of this state value. This research featured the Telegram channel of the Chelyabinsk State University in 2020–2022. The medialinguistic method made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of interaction between verbal and non-verbal sequences while the pragmalinguistic analysis helped to establish the communicative intention of the media text. The messages were multimodal and combined different types of information. The greatest pragmatic impact belonged to the publications that combined visual, textual, and auditory information. Patriotic narrative resonated with the target audience through a compilation of verbal and non-verbal components, such as facial expressions, gestures, intonation, body movement, and postures, that aimed at one and the same pragmatic effect.

Actos directivos en la comedia burguesa de costumbres del siglo XVIII: ¿hacia patrones lingüísticos y de uso modernos? II. Formulaciones indirectas

Directive speech acts in the 18th century comedy of manners: Toward modern patterns and conditions of use? II. Indirect formulations This paper is the second part of the study developed in Iglesias (2022). It consists of a pragmalinguistic analysis of indirect formulations of the directive speech acts from five plays of the so-called bourgeois comedy of customs introduced in Spain by Enlightenment authors in the second half of the 18th century. The different linguistic expressions of these acts and their conditions of use are studied in some detail. The analysis shows that, despite the fact that quantitative data could invite us to think of a pragmalinguistic continuity respect to the 16th and 17th centuries, we can find in these texts the first manifestations of form and meaning strategies belonging to non-impositive negative politeness (Jucker 2012, 2020), and a distribution of linguistic and usage directive patterns approaching to nowadays usage.

“You can only see their teeth”: a pragmalinguistic analysis of allusive personal names among the Nzema of Ghana

“You can only see their teeth”: a pragmalinguistic analysis of allusive personal names among the Nzema of Ghana

Прагмалингвистические и синтаксические особенности междометий в кабардино-черкесском языке

The aim of the research is to identify the pragmatic potential of interjections of the Kabardian-Circassian language from the dialogical, pragmatic perspectives, i.e. their roles in encouraging interlocutors to engage in dialogue and forming communication. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that the pragmalinguistic analysis of interjections of the Adyghe languages has become the object of research for the first time. The paper is the first to determine that the main function of linguistic pragmatics of these expressions in the Kabardian-Circassian language is choosing a certain interjection in a specific speech situation. Interjections occur in different positions in a sentence (at the beginning, in the middle or at the end), which also conditions the degree of expressiveness of an utterance. The research findings have shown that interjections perform two main functions in utterances: the manifestation of an emotional attitude and the establishment of communication, thereby confirming the inseparable connection of their syntactic and pragmatic roles. It has been proved that an interjection is added to a speech act unconsciously and depends both on the personal qualities of the speaker and on the level of emotional intensity of the situation. One of the main features of interjections is the ability to carry the semantic load of the entire utterance while replacing the whole sentence.

Verbal Means of Implementing Communication Strategies in English-Language Outdoor Advertising

The analysis of advertising texts is an interdisciplinary problem studied at the junction of various fields of knowledge, the pragmalinguistic analysis of advertising, among other things, is based on its understanding in psychology, philosophy, marketing, etc. The object of research is the texts of English–language outdoor advertising. The subject of the study is the strategic features of outdoor advertising texts, the main verbal means of expressing communicative attitudes in them. The author examines in detail the main characteristics of the outdoor advertising text, which is creolized in its structure, that is, such a text where verbal and nonverbal components create a single semantic whole and contribute to achieving the goals of advertising impact. The main theories of creation and realization of the influencing potential of advertising texts are considered. The main conclusion of the study is the conditionality of the choice of linguistic and non-verbal means of communication in the advertising discourse, depending on the communicative attitudes, both explicit and hidden. The author's contribution is a description of the classification of general and particular communicative strategies and tactics of the outdoor advertising text, among which strategies of a cooperative and non-cooperative nature are highlighted. The description of strategies is carried out through the analysis of the main linguistic means of creating an influencing effect in an advertising appeal. The novelty and relevance of the study is due to the inclusion of non-verbal components in the semantic fabric of the text, and, consequently, the need to apply new approaches to the analysis of such texts.

Pragmalinguistic features of periphrasis of modern media text

The article considers the pragmalinguistic features of the periphrases used in the modern media space. Despite the richness and fertility of the Kazakh language, members of society, in order to convey their thought as briefly as possible, tend to use borrowed words in their speech. This process has a negative impact on both the thinking system and the general culture of a person. Therefore, in everyday life, it is necessary to widely promote the use of figurative expressions that reflect the artistic competence of our native language, in particular, the use of paraphrases that have a special place. The implementation of the above task can be rationally and easily carried out through the mass media, which occupy a reliable place in all spheres of public life. In this regard, the topic of the author of the article, who has set the goal of giving a semantic pragma linguistic analysis of the periphrasis of the modern media text, is relevant, and the given facts are valid and realistic. The main objects of research in the field of linguo-pragmatics are media texts of various subjects published in modern Kazakh-language media. The author classifies fragments of media texts used in peripheral units, collected from publications and websites familiar to the modern readers of Kazakhstan, in relation to a number of areas of public life. The ability to use appropriately and effectively the rich vocabulary of the native language to convey the final pragmatic position of the author of the media text is an interesting and complex task that requires a great responsibility from the researcher. The applicant aims to meet such a high standard and to use the latest research in the field of linguistics. Keywords: periphrasis; media text; social status; linguopragmatics.

Lexical and grammatical means of expression of dominant assessment in media speech of virtual language personality in blogs: gender aspect

The aim of the study is to present an analysis of the lexical and grammatical means of expression of dominant assessment in the speech behavior of the Russian-speaking and English-speaking virtual language personality in blogs, depending on belonging to a particular gender. The research material is a card index of more than 200 posts of beauty bloggers on the social network in 2021. There were used 15 accounts of the Russian-speaking and 15 accounts of the English-speaking addressers. All blogger’s virtual language personalities position themselves on the Internet as men, transgender people (mtf – male-to-female) and women. In total more than 3,800 small syntactic groups have been analyzed. The following research methods were used in the work: the lexico-semantic, lexico-grammatical, and stylistic analyses, method of objective pragmalinguistic analysis combining modified content analysis and the comparison method. When studying the differences in the media speeches among the English- and Russian-speaking virtual communicative personalities, several lexical differences in the speeches of the women, men and transgender people were identified. Thus, among the Russian-speaking bloggers the highest percentage of negative attitudes and in general the brightest emotional coloring of lexis and grammar constructions was observed in the men’s media speech despite the widespread stereotype about the greater emotional intensity of women’s media speech. The women in their media speech tend to prevail in the formation of positive assessment. For the transgender people in blogs, all three indicators of the formation of assessment using lexical and grammatical means occupy a middle position between the media speech of the women and the men, which indicates the presence of female and male traits in the media speech of the transgender people. For the English-speaking virtual communicative personalities in the media speeches of the women and the men, all three indicators are approximately equal, while for the transgender people the index of the formation of a negative attitude using lexical and grammatical means is twice exceeded, and the indicator of the formation of a positive attitude through vocabulary is twice reduced. In general, the media speech of the English-speaking transgender people in blogs is characterized by a more open and more emotionally colored lexical and grammatical constructions in media speech. The transgender bloggers share all the events from their lives, regardless of whether they are positive or negative, which indicates maximum self-presentation and maximum attention of Internet users to their language personality and lifestyle among Internet users. It seems promising to consider the linguopragmatic aspect of gender self-presentation of virtual language personalities in blogs, to identify the main tactics of their self-presentation in media space.

"СЕМЬ КРИТЕРИЕВ ТЕКСТУАЛЬНОСТИ ПРИ ПРАГМАЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОМ АНАЛИЗЕ РЕКЛАМНЫХ ТЕКСТОВ"

"СЕМЬ КРИТЕРИЕВ ТЕКСТУАЛЬНОСТИ ПРИ ПРАГМАЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОМ АНАЛИЗЕ РЕКЛАМНЫХ ТЕКСТОВ"