Pradhan Mantri Research Articles

Assessing the Impact of Prime Minister Welfare Schemes on Beneficiaries with Special Reference to Tamil Nadu, India

This research article presents a comprehensive study on the impact of Prime Minister Welfare Schemes (PMWS) on beneficiaries in Tamil Nadu, a southern state of India. The PMWS represent a pivotal component of India’s social and economic development initiatives, aiming to uplift marginalized communities and improve their living standards. This study investigates the effectiveness and outcomes of these schemes in the unique socio-cultural context of Tamil Nadu.Tamil Nadu, a state with a rich cultural heritage and a diverse demographic landscape, serves as an ideal microcosm to investigate the efficacy and outcomes of these schemes. This research, conducted through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, aimed to assess the implementation, accessibility, and outcomes of various Prime Minister Welfare Schemes in Tamil Nadu. The study focused on beneficiaries across different age groups, genders, and socioeconomic backgrounds.Key findings from the research include an examination of the utilization of schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (housing for all), Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (financial inclusion), Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (clean cooking fuel), and Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (income support for farmers), among others. The impact assessment encompassed several dimensions, including economic upliftment, healthcare access, women’s empowerment, and education.

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana and Financial Inclusion of Female Domestic Workers in Mumbai

The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, launched in 2014, is an initiative toward 'Universal Banking Access,' to ensure that every household in the country has access to basic banking services. The paper discusses the effect of the PMJDY on the 'financial inclusion' of female domestic workers in Mumbai, who remain on the periphery of regular banking services. The study considers financial literacy, access to financial services, and the ability to make good decisions as metrics of financial inclusion based on a cross-sectional survey conducted among the population. Though the majority of the respondents have opened bank accounts either under PMJDY or traditional banking systems, financial literacy remains a huge challenge to the effective utilization of those accounts. While there is an increase in savings and a shift towards more formal means of financial management, low confidence in managing financial matters and social barriers get in the way of the empowerment of such women. Special interventions in terms of targeted financial literacy programs and social interventions are needed to fill such gaps if economic stability and autonomy are to be enriched for urban female domestic workers, as seen in Mumbai.

A Study on Evaluation and Implementation of Indian Social Security Programs and Initiatives in India

This study critically assesses the implementation of Indian Social Security Programs, employing a comprehensive research design that integrates qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The examination encompasses diverse factors such as financial inclusion, healthcare accessibility, education, and support for vulnerable groups. Findings offer a nuanced understanding of strengths, challenges, and areas for improvement in India’s social security landscape, focusing on programs like Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, Atal Pension Yojana, and National Health Mission. The research’s practical implications extend to policymakers, administrators, and advocacy groups, providing evidence-based recommendations to refine and strengthen social security interventions. Addressing gaps in awareness, administrative efficiency, and inclusivity, the study guides practical interventions for enhanced program efficacy. This research stands out for its comprehensive evaluation of multiple social security dimensions, providing a holistic perspective on India’s initiatives. Synthesizing diverse data sources and incorporating beneficiaries’ lived experiences, contributes to the existing knowledge on social security implementation. The findings form a foundation for evidence-based policy-making, promoting a more inclusive, responsive, and sustainable social security framework in India. Additionally, the study contributes valuable insights to the global discourse on social welfare, illuminating challenges and opportunities in implementing social security programs amid a rapidly evolving socio-economic landscape.

Assuring Housing, Jobs and Social Assistance to the Masses: Evidence from Rural India

Houselessness, unemployment and social problems are the persistent issues in countries like India and hence an attempt is made on ‘Assuring Housing’ in rural, Jobs and Social Assistance to the Masses: Evidence from Rural India’ in this book in FOUR chapters. Chapter 1 deals with Introduction. India has had a long history of trying hard in various different directions, to promote rural development. Nevertheless, the success has been rather limited. Policies, frameworks, schemes and other attempts continue in full steam. This book takes up three different such sets of policies and evaluates their impact on people living in the rural areas in India, focusing on Bhadohi District, UP. Chapter 2 focuses on housing. The village of Mahuapur, situated in Uttar Pradesh, exhibits a blend of infrastructural progress and persistent challenges, including sanitation issues and uneven telecommunication access. Despite advancements like electricity reaching every household and educational institutions present, sanitation and equitable access to telecommunication remain pressing concerns. In Mahuapur, the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna Gramin (PMAY-G) aims to provide housing for economically weaker sections. A detailed study assesses PMAY-G's effectiveness, revealing disparities in housing completion rates across blocks and villages. The research methodology employed structured interviews, surveys, and data analysis to evaluate PMAY-G's impact, identifying gaps in implementation, such as claim rejections, pending applications, and beneficiary dissatisfaction. The study underscores the need for improved communication, timely processing of applications, and alignment of financial aid and quality standards with beneficiaries' needs to address disparities and enhance the scheme's efficacy in fulfilling housing needs in Mahuapur village.

UNVEILING FARMERS’ PERSPECTIVES: A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA (PMFBY) IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU

Agriculture’s inherent uncertainties threaten farmers' income and food security. The government introduced Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) in 2016 to mitigate risks, aligning with the “One Nation-One Plan” initiative for farmers’ protection. The current investigation aimed to gauge farmers’ perceptions of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). Conducted in the year 2022-23, the study focused on deliberately chosen blocks namely Thuraiyur and Uppiliyapuram in Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu. Respondents, totaling 120, were chosen from three villages in each selected block using a proportionate random sampling method. A thoroughly designed interview schedule, formulated based on expert opinions and literature reviews, was employed for data collection. Subsequently, the acquired data underwent coding, quantification, classification, tabulation and analysis, employing frequency, percentage and mean score ranking techniques to derive meaningful insights. The study's results indicated that a significant proportion of farmers (70.83%) held medium level perception, while 20.00 per cent had low perception, and 9.17 per cent expressed high perception regarding the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). The assessment revealed that statements such as the enhancement of individual farmers' knowledge and skills under PMFBY (Mean Score - 2.59) ranked highest, followed by its role in enhancing yields and crop protection (Mean Score - 2.58) and improving resource-poor farmers’ access to better crop production (Mean Score - 2.48), which were ranked second and third, respectively. Crop insurance shields farmers from uncertainties like natural disasters. It is deemed essential for all types of farmers due to its significance.

Analyzing The Perspective Of Farmers On The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) In The Sohawal Block Of The Satna District, In Madhya Pradesh, India.

Agriculture serves as the backbone of the Indian economy, despite its modest 16 percent contribution to the country's GDP. A staggering 60–72 percent of the population relies on agriculture for their livelihoods. However, this vital sector faces significant risks, such as droughts, floods, and other natural disasters, which often lead to losses. In recent years, issues such as indebtedness, crop failures, low prices, and poor returns have compounded the challenges, resulting in agrarian distress in various regions across the country. Despite the Indian government's implementation of numerous schemes aimed at agricultural development, the sector continues to grapple with uncertainties. Regrettably, even in the 21st century, farmers find themselves vulnerable to these challenges, highlighting the persistent issues within the agricultural landscape. Farmers who experience crop loss or damage can receive financial assistance through the PMFBY, a crop-based insurance scheme. During the 2021–22 period, a research study in the Sohawal block of Satna district aimed to gain insights into farmers' perspectives on the PMFBY. The study identified several factors that were significantly associated with respondents' perceptions of the PMFBY, including education level, land holding size, farming experience, annual income, extension contact, risk orientation, awareness of crop insurance, information sources, and exposure to mass media, achievement motivation, and economic motivation. These findings were statistically significant at a 0.05% level of significance. However, other profile characteristics, such as age, caste, and social participation, did not show any significant association with the respondents' perceptions of the PMFBY. This study sheds light on the multifaceted influences that shape farmers' perspectives on this important government scheme.

Study on farmers' perception towards Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana in Shamli district of Western Uttar Pradesh

Study on farmers' perception towards Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana in Shamli district of Western Uttar Pradesh

Central Government Schemes in Indian Higher Education: A Comprehensive Analysis of Impact, Quality, and Assessment Methodologies

This comprehensive analysis examines the impact of central government schemes on Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Indian higher education, focusing on initiatives such as Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA), Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), and the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) Act. Through a meticulous review of literature, survey data analysis, and discussion of outcomes, this research delves into the complexities of GER trends, scheme effectiveness, and socio-economic factors influencing enrolment rates. Findings reveal nuances in scheme outcomes, highlighting variations across population segments and geographic regions. While schemes like RUSA and PMKVY show potential in bridging enrolment gaps and preparing a skilled workforce, reforms are necessary to optimize their impact. Moreover, the Higher Education Funding Agency (HEFA), under the HECI Act, plays a significant role in infrastructure development but needs to balance this with broader educational quality considerations. Contrary to initial hypotheses, the study finds no statistically significant association between scheme implementation and sustainable GER growth, emphasizing the need for evidence-based reforms. Recommendations include enhancing awareness campaigns, aligning training programs with industry needs, and strengthening quality assurance mechanisms. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders striving to enhance accessibility, quality, and inclusivity in Indian higher education.

Barriers in reusage and adoption of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

Barriers in reusage and adoption of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

Impact of Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana on Surgical Procedure Frequency at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir

Abstract BACKGROUND: The government of India consistently aims to achieve universal health coverage (UHC), but significant challenges in workforce, infrastructure, and service quality remain. The Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) scheme, launched in 2018, represents a major step toward UHC by providing health coverage to over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the magnitude of medical procedures performed before and after the implementation of the PM-JAY scheme and assess changes in the frequency of these procedures as a result of the scheme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Government Medical College and its associated hospitals in Srinagar, empaneled under the PM-JAY scheme. Data were collected on surgical procedures performed in the departments of General Surgery, Ophthalmology, ENT, and Orthopaedics during two periods: before the scheme’s implementation (June 2017 to November 2017) and after its implementation (December 2021 to June 2022). Descriptive analysis was conducted to compare the frequency of procedures. RESULTS: The number of ophthalmology procedures significantly increased from 2634 before the implementation to 3443 after the implementation of the PM-JAY scheme. However, the frequency of procedures in General Surgery and ENT remained relatively stable, and Orthopaedics showed no significant change. The data indicated an overall increase in surgical procedures under the PM-JAY scheme, particularly in areas where surgeries were previously delayed due to financial constraints. CONCLUSION: The PM-JAY scheme has positively impacted the frequency of surgical procedures, particularly in the Ophthalmology department, suggesting increased accessibility and financial protection for patients. However, the stable numbers in General Surgery and ENT highlight the need for further targeted interventions to enhance the scheme’s reach and effectiveness across all departments.

Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) and its Impact on Healthcare Inequalities in India

This article is about the healthcare inequalities that are persistent in the Indian healthcare system, and how effectively the Ayushman Bharat policy limits these inequalities. Ayushman Bharat, also known as Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY), is a health initiative launched by the Government of India in 2018. This policy seeks to provide accessible and affordable healthcare to the economically disadvantaged and vulnerable sections of Indian society, aiming to mitigate healthcare inequalities. Despite the policy's many successes, its aim has not been completely achieved due to shortfalls in the policy's implementation paired with societal inequalities (especially persistent in the marginalized communities). Therefore, this paper shows and addresses these inequalities, with policy recommendations on how to develop the implementation of the policy to further limit inequalities in the Indian healthcare sector.

Performance of PMKISAN scheme in India with Special Reference to Tamil Nadu – An insight into Distribution

Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi scheme is an income support scheme implemented by the Government of India to help farmers at the time of cultivation for the purchase of agricultural inputs. Cash transfer programme positively impacts, increasing the consumption pattern, nutritional status and eliminating rural poverty. The study analyzed the performance and progress of the state under the PMKISAN scheme and also estimated the proportion of income to the total annual income of the households. The results indicate that large share of beneficiary belong to Uttar Pradesh (20.82 percent), followed by Maharashtra (8.98 percent) and Madhya Pradesh (7.08 percent) and in case of Tamil Nadu, districts like Villupuram, Tiruvannamalai, Salem and Cuddalore have the highest beneficiaries. The lowest share was observed in states like Goa, Lakshadweep, and Puducherry, etc.; the reason for the lesser registration of beneficiaries might be due to problems with the land documents of farmers, i.e., mismatching of names. The results also found that it has positive impact on redistribution of income to small and marginal farmers where the income share to their annual income is higher in all the districts of Tamil Nadu. Digitization of land records and other information would help increase the number of beneficiaries among the states which has a lesser share.

Mapping of potential sea-cage farming sites throughspatial modelling: Preliminary operative suggestionsto aid sustainable mariculture expansion in India

Sea cage farming in marine open waters is considered as the most viable technique in Indianmariculture to enhance production. Owing to the support of the government in researchand development, and policy initiatives, marine cage farming is progressing steadily in thecountry. Technological guidance from research institutions and financing under the ambitious“Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)” and blue growth mission objectives haveinspired stakeholders and fisheries administrators in maritime states to explore open seacage culture. Site selection is a key parameter affecting the success of cage culture systemsand, technically analysed geo-referenced demarcation of spatial information is necessaryfor minimising the risks. Thus, in the light of rising demand for spatial allocation of coastalareas, the present study identifies and aggregates locations within 3 km of the coastline,that have the potential for sea cage farming operations in the country. The site suitabilitywas examined based on optimal standards required for the prospective candidate speciesselected for mariculture in India. The locations were vectorised in a GIS platform, and thepotential areas available for sea cage installations were demarcated. An optimised sitesuitability schema was developed for the spatial demarcation of potential site selection.The preliminary results identified 134 sites covering a total area of 46,823.2 ha suitablefor marine cage culture along Indian territorial waters. Among the coastal states, the topthree states holding the maximum area suitable for sea cage farming are Andhra Pradesh(11,792 ha), Gujarat (11,572.2 ha) and Tamil Nadu (7,673 ha). It is envisaged that spatialsuitability demarcation even on this pilot scale will accelerate the expansion of sea cagefarming in the country. Keywords:GIS Mapping, Mariculture, PMMSY, Sea cage farming, Site suitability, Spatial planning

Establishing a Health Technology Assessment Evidence Ecosystem in India’s Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana

ABSTRACT The introduction of the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) scheme in India was a significant step toward universal health coverage. The PM-JAY scheme has made notable progress since its inception, including increasing the number of people covered and expanding the range of services provided under the health benefit package (HBP). The creation of the Health Financing and Technology Assessment (HeFTA) unit within the National Health Authority (NHA) further enhanced evidence-based decision-making processes. We outline the journey of HeFTA and highlight significant cost savings to the PM-JAY as a result of health technology assessment (HTA). Our paper also discusses the application of HTA evidence for decisions related to inclusions or exclusions in HBP, framing standard treatment guidelines as well as other policies. We recommend that future financing reforms for strategic purchasing should strengthen strategic purchasing arrangements and adopt value-based pricing (VBP). Integrating HTA and VBP is a progressive approach toward health care financing reforms for large government-funded schemes like the PM-JAY.

A quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Ayushman Bharat Yojana among community people in Panchayatan village, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh

Background: The Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) is India’s government-funded health care program that benefits more than 10.74 million poor and vulnerable families. While Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) has helped to correct state imbalances in health care spending, it has not been sufficient to compensate for the inherent fiscal difficulties of poor states. Ayushman Bharat is a holistic need-based health care service which was developed to accomplish the sustainable development goals (SDGS). The purpose of conducting this research is to assess the knowledge regarding Ayushman Bharat Yojana to the people of Panchayatan village, Greater Noida. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design and convenience sampling technique was used to assess the effectiveness of planed teaching program on knowledge regarding Ayushman Bharat Yojana among 59 community people in Panchayatan village Greater Noida. Results: The study found that majority of the samples (64.4%) was between the ages of 16-35 years, (83.1%) were having no previous knowledge and (86.4%) were having no source of information. The findings show mean value of 11.7±4.16 knowledge level regarding Ayushman Bharat Yojana. The post-test mean score was 13.7 which was greater than the pre-test means score 9.6. Results show a significant association between the knowledge scores (post-test) with age (p=0.051) and monthly income (p=0.019). Conclusions: The findings concluded that the planned teaching program on knowledge regarding Ayushman Bharat Yojana among community people in Panchayatan village was effective in increasing the knowledge among community people.

Empowering India's Micro-Entrepreneurs: An Analytical Overview of the Highlights of the MUDRA Scheme

MUDRA scheme was launched in 2015 under Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana with the objectives of supporting micro unit entrepreneurship and financial inclusion in the micro units by providing collateral free loans to non-corporate / non-individual entities. This paper delves into the impact of the established scheme in relation to employment, financing, and business development with a special focus on women and vulnerable persons. However, the scheme has been effective in the goal of credit access and addendum comes with challenges like the increasing NPAs and the sustainability of employment generation. This research analyzes loan disbursements, non-performing assets and the financial sustainability of the program through quantitative and qualitative research methods. It provides policy recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the scheme. Greater emphasis on risk management, financial awareness, and the enhanced application of technology is necessary for the continued success and effectiveness of the MUDRA scheme as a model for the further development of the financial inclusion of the population in India. Some possibilities for further research are: focusing on particular industries and presenting the implementation differences at the regional level.

A TOOL TO MEASURE ATTITUDE OF FARMERS TOWARDS PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA

The study was conducted to develop and standardize a reliable and valid scale to measure attitude of the farmers towards Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana. From the available methods to develop attitude scale, ‘Scale product method’ was used. This method combines Thurston and Likert techniques. Total 52 statements were selected for judgment; a team of 100 judges was appealed to give the score for each statement on five point continuum. Based on the Scale (median) and Q values, twenty four statements were finally selected to constitute the scale to measure attitude of the farmers towards Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana.

KNOWLEDGE OF FARMERS REGARDING PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA

The present investigation was conducted to known knowledge level of farmers regarding Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). The study was conducted in North Gujarat. From North Gujarat, three districts and from each selected district three talukas were purposively selected. Five villages from each taluka and from each village eight crop insured farmers were selected randomly. Multistage sampling method was followed for selection of the crop insured farmers. Thus, total 360 crops insured farmers were selected as sample size. The data were collected through personal interview and it was compiled, tabulated and analyzed to get proper answer with the help of various appropriate statistical tools. From the result of the study it can be concluded that 58.89 per cent of crop insured farmers had high to very high level of knowledge regarding PMFBY. Age, education, land holding, annual income, economic motivation, decision making ability, social participation, source of information and extension participation were highly significantly related with level of knowledge level of farmers towards PMFBY.

Constraints to the promotion of financial inclusion in India: an empirical study of implementing agencies under Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana

PurposeThe study aims to discern the primary obstacles confronted by the implementing agencies in their efforts to foster financial inclusion through the “Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana” (PMMY).Design/methodology/approachTo collect primary data, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed. Around 120 loan officers from the implementing agencies (Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs), Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Small Finance Banks (SFBs), Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) and Micro- Finance Institutions (MFIs)) of Haryana were randomly selected to fulfill the objectives. To categorize the perceived problems into discrete factors, the “factor analysis” technique was employed. The scales were then regressed on factors linked to the demographic characteristics of the loan officers to validate the hypotheses.FindingsThe study highlighted the primary obstacles impeding the advancement of financial inclusion, which encompass a range of factors. These include challenges in management, infrastructure, politics, finance and technology. Furthermore, the study established the association of the explanatory variables, namely gender, age, educational qualification, location and experience of the officers, with the extracted constraints. Notably, the experience of loan officers emerged as the most influential variable contributing to the promotion of financial inclusion through the scheme.Originality/valueThe current body of literature lacks any empirical investigation focusing on the perspectives of the implementing agencies regarding the challenges they encounter in advancing FI. Given the significance of FI in India, where access to formal financial services remains a critical issue, this research adds value by addressing the gaps in understanding the problems encountered.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2023-0462

Health Insurance in India: A look into Ayushman Bharat- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana

India had experienced rapid economic growth over the years and has been overtaking other countries both in terms of GNP and GNP (PPP). However, on social front, India’s performance is poor and is probably behind most of the important developing economies. While India does have some world-class health infrastructure providing topnotch treatment facilities, but they are way out of reach of the common people. These anomalies in the health sector have been recognized and taken in charge by the government through financial and human investment and also through various schemes and policies. Health insurance is one of the most popular health policy taken by the government and Ayushman Bharat is the latest one. This paper therefore discusses critically the Ayushman Bharat Scheme.