Central Government Schemes in Indian Higher Education: A Comprehensive Analysis of Impact, Quality, and Assessment Methodologies

Abstract

This comprehensive analysis examines the impact of central government schemes on Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Indian higher education, focusing on initiatives such as Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA), Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), and the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) Act. Through a meticulous review of literature, survey data analysis, and discussion of outcomes, this research delves into the complexities of GER trends, scheme effectiveness, and socio-economic factors influencing enrolment rates. Findings reveal nuances in scheme outcomes, highlighting variations across population segments and geographic regions. While schemes like RUSA and PMKVY show potential in bridging enrolment gaps and preparing a skilled workforce, reforms are necessary to optimize their impact. Moreover, the Higher Education Funding Agency (HEFA), under the HECI Act, plays a significant role in infrastructure development but needs to balance this with broader educational quality considerations. Contrary to initial hypotheses, the study finds no statistically significant association between scheme implementation and sustainable GER growth, emphasizing the need for evidence-based reforms. Recommendations include enhancing awareness campaigns, aligning training programs with industry needs, and strengthening quality assurance mechanisms. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders striving to enhance accessibility, quality, and inclusivity in Indian higher education.