Panel Power Research Articles

PROSES MENGUBAH AIR LAUT MENJADI AIR TAWAR MENGGUNAKAN SOLAR CELL DENGAN METODE BOILING

Seawater is one of the largest natural resources in Indonesia, which contains salt, metals and mycobacteria. Although the resources are abundant, their use is still not widespread, such as being used as clean water or drinking water. Fresh water is very much needed for daily use on ships that are sailing, especially for the dry area, every ship that will go fishing always provides fresh water from land by buying it from PDAM. This study aims to convert sea air into fresh water using the boiling method and solar panel power. Therefore, this method can reduce operating costs when looking for fish in the sea which is actually very easy to get air. In the test from 150 ml of sea water can be obtained to 25 ml with an estimated time of 3 hours, this factor is influenced by the temperature that is not optimal from the DC water heater because it only uses 1 fruit element.

Effects of cooling and interval cleaning on the performance of soiled photovoltaic panels in Muscat, Oman

Due to the present alarming environmental problem, the world has turned to photovoltaic (PV) solar energy as a sustainable, renewable, and environmentally friendly alternative. Solar energy technology has rapidly improved in recent decades, and the global installation of photovoltaic systems has been increasing at a rate of 24% annually. However, soiling on panels and high panel temperature affect the performance of photovoltaic systems, and this leads to significant production loss, especially in the Middle East, where the dust intensity and ambient air temperature are at their highest levels. This paper presents the influence of cooling and interval cleaning on the performance of the photovoltaic system installed in Muscat, Oman. The study involved cleaning the first panel at a comparable inclination angle. The second panel had its inclination angle changed. The third panel was designed to inject water for cooling purposes. In this case, the panel was subjected to water injection for 30 s once per week, followed by daily water injection for 120 s in the second week. All the results were compared with the fourth panel, which was neither cleaned nor touched. Measurements, including open circuit voltage, short circuit current, solar panel temperature, solar radiation, and power, were made in 1-min intervals using a data logger. The results of the experiment showed that cleaning the panel manually every three days resulted in the highest output power and efficiency, reaching 85.6 W with 23.6% efficiency. The cooling of the panel resulted in an increase in power, especially for the longer injection duration. Conclusively, water injection resulted in an energy output growth of 23.9%.

Solar Panel Power Generator with Automatic Charging using PWM System based on Microcontroller

Indonesia will become a net importer if it runs out of oil and gas reserves within the next 11 to 12 years if no alternative energy sources are developed. Therefore, there is a need to utilize alternative energy that is not dependent on oil or gas. One alternative energy is using solar light energy. This research designed a device that can convert the energy of sunlight into electrical energy and automatically store electrical energy in a battery with PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) so that it can be used as alternative energy, and help reduce the consumption of electricity from PLN. The battery used 12V 80Ah and a solar panel module 50W for energy storage and system resources. The research results show that systems can automatically charge energy using sunlight and turn the lights to 7W. Using the charging system automatically uses PWM to reduce the risk of damage to the battery because, in the charging process, battery conditions will be monitored. The maximum power generated from solar panel modules used is 35.57 W.

DETERMINATION OF TILT AND AZIMUTH ANGLES OF SOLAR PANELS AT TANJUNGPURA UNIVERSITY SOLAR POWER PLANT USING PVSYST 7.3 SOFTWARE SIMULATION

Solar Power Plant is a plant that uses solar energy as a renewable source and converts solar energy into electrical energy. To maximize the intensity of sunlight, solar panels need an optimal tilt angle to receive high sunlight intensity. This research aims to determine the optimal tilt angle of solar panels and azimuthal angle so that solar panels obtain maximum output energy. The type of solar panel used is the monocrystalline type with an installed power of 1.51 MW with a total of 2800 panels using a nominal panel power of 540 Wp and 12 units of 1.1 kW inverters. At the research location, Tanjungpura University Solar Power Plant with coordinates 0°3'37.486" LU 109°20'34.633" BT (-0.060410, 109.342969). With a simulation method using PVsyst software to determine the optimal tilt angle and solar radiation data on meteonorm 8.1 in PVsyst software. The results showed that the optimal panel tilt angle and azimuth angle in producing maximum output energy at Tanjungpura University Solar Power Plant is at a panel angle of 5° with the azimuth angle facing northeast (-45°) with an output energy of 2365 MWh/year, specific production of 1564 kWh/kW/year, and normalized production of 4.29 kWh/kWp/day.

Long-term power prediction of photovoltaic panels based on meteorological parameters and support vector machine

<span>Solar energy is the most generally accessible energy in the entire globe. Proper solar panel maintenance is necessary to reduce reliance on imported energy. Continuous monitoring of the solar panel's power output is required. The deployment of internet of things (IoT) monitoring of solar panels for maintenance is the basis for the current research. A multi-variable long-term photovoltaic (PV) power production prediction approach based on support vector machine (SVM) is developed in this study with the aim of completely evaluating the influence of PV panels performance and actual operational state factors on the power generation efficiency. This study examines the use of SVM and climatic factors to forecast the long-term output of power from solar panels. A solar power facility in a semi-arid area provided the data utilized in this investigation. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, and sun radiation are some of the meteorological variables that were considered in the study. To anticipate the power generation of the panels, the SVM is trained using the climatic factors and the power generation data. The findings demonstrate that the SVM model consistently predicts the panels' long-term power generation with a high degree of accuracy.</span>

A novel concept of solar photovoltaic partial shading and thermal hybrid system for performance improvement

Large values from external causes, such as partial shade, can greatly influence output power of PV. The applications of partial shading are frequently utilized in simulation software. However, in this research work, partial shading and the integration of the photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Hybrid Solar Panel is implemented, and analysis is done to see how it affects the output power of solar panels under genuine climatic circumstances. Many research investigations have been conducted and researchers continue to look at PV/T systems to enhance their performance. The application is designed to provide information on solar panel output power under normal and partial shading situations. The maximum amount of power that solar panels can generate is 298.50 W. Under typical circumstances, partial shading in a solar panel can result in a maximum power value of 141.13 W, and this partial shading leads the power to increase.

The impact of using an IoT-based automatic solar panel cleaner on building energy performance

Abstract Solar energy is a great provider of renewable environmentally friendly energy. Thanks to solar technologies, it converts sunlight into electrical energy using multiple devices such as photovoltaic cells. The generated electrical energy can be used for multiple purposes such as commercial, industrial, and domestic uses. Generating electrical energy without releasing toxic gases is considered one of the biggest advantages of using solar energy. While solar panels are a reliable source of clean electrical energy, their power output can be decreased due to the lack of maintenance and especially cleaning. The efficiency of solar panels decreases by more than 40% due to the lack of cleaning. That is why routine cleaning is crucial to ensure the optimum performance of them. Providing an automatic solar panel cleaning system will ensure that routine maintenance is done and the electricity output is optimum. Integrating the use of photovoltaic cells in buildings helps improve the energy performance and energy efficiency of buildings. This research paper aims to determine the impact of integrating an internet of things (IoT)-based automatic solar panel cleaner and measure the energy efficiency of using it. The IoT-based automatic solar panel cleaner contributed to raising the solar panel power wattage by 89.33% in a hot desert climatic region.

MILITARY SURVEILLANCE BOT

This research describes a cutting-edge method for border and distant surveillance using multipurpose robots that are based on the most recent 3G technology used in defense and military applications. This autonomous vehicle has the capacity to conduct surveillance in border regions in place of soldiers. Using the internet as a communication tool, the robotic vehicle may be operated both manually and autonomously. This multimodal robot is employed in distant and combat zones to detect fire, explosives, hazardous gasses, and people. Traditional wireless security robots are rendered obsolete by their constrained human control and frequency range. The use of 3G technology, which has an infinite range, allows one to overcome these restrictions. By using solar panels, this system further improves the usage of renewable energy sources. Infrared and ultrasonic sensors are used to operate autonomously. The DTMF decoder controls the manual operation, and mobile phones are employed as video cameras by initiating 3G video calls and modifying the robot's course based on surrounding real-time information. The experimental findings of the solar panel's tilt angle selection and power consumption in both automated and manual modes are also shown in this study. Under certain conditions, this robotic vehicle may be used for both surveillance and reconnaissance.

Optimization of Solar Power Huts: Efforts to Accelerate Electrifying Agriculture for Farmer Groups in West Plembutan, Gunungkidul

The use of modern agricultural tools is expected to be able to boost the productivity of farming businesses, namely through electrifying agriculture. Generally, in remote areas, it is difficult to provide a source of electricity except by generating electricity from renewable sources such as solar energy. In general, the solution to the problem at hand lies in the transformation to solar energy applications. It is necessary to immediately build a solar-powered electric hut on the land of the farmer group. In its use, this solar power hut will be prioritized to supply the energy needs of irrigation pumps in the dry season. In addition, the availability of this resource will support modern agricultural patterns by utilizing electrically powered equipment and even being able to apply agricultural automation technology. As a result, a solar-powered electrical installation with a panel power of 400 WP with the support of a 12 VDC 200 Ah battery was installed. The total power during the day ranges from 1920 Wh assuming 80% usage. This result is quite helpful for irrigation systems in the dry season. For other low-power electrical equipment applications such as automatic water sprayers, this solar power is very capable.

An Automatic Watering System Based on an Arduino Microcontroller and Soil Moisture Sensors with Solar Panel Power Plant

The large eggplant farming land often makes it difficult for farmers to water. In addition, the water content in the soil does not meet the minimum requirement, which is 80%-90%. Hence, adequate watering with a high level of accuracy is necessary. This study aims to design and invent an automatic watering system for eggplant farming land with an area of 150 m2. The method was to design automatic sprinklers using programming and fritzing software using Arduino IDE. Soil moisture data was obtained from the soil moisture sensor and displayed on the I2c LCD so that farmers could monitor the soil moisture level. The pump used PB-WH1100BCP with a specification of 1100 W with a discharge of 145 l/minute and a head of 30 m. This automatic watering system was supplied with a 500 Wp photovoltaic solar cell with a current value of 2 A, and a voltage of 20V was obtained when the sun was shining and could work effectively for 6 hours per day. To store electric current, this system was equipped with a VRLA 12V- 200Ah battery connected in series, and the current charging was controlled by the Solar Charge Controller (SCC). It can supply electric current to the pump for 24 hours. This automatic watering system has been tested and functions well on eggplant farmland.

A Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Temperature and Wind Speed on the Efficiency of 100 WP Solar Panels of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Types at Sriwijaya State Polytechnic

Solar panels in PLTS convert photon energy into electrical energy, where sunlight, which produces light intensity, plays a very important role. In this case, environmental conditions that continue to change can affect the output power of the solar panels. Apart from light intensity, solar panel environmental conditions such as temperature and wind speed greatly affect the efficiency of solar panels. This research looks at the extent of the influence of temperature and wind on the efficiency of solar panels. From the test results and calculations, it was found that the sample temperature of the monocrystalline panel measured on Friday, June 16, 2023, was 31.5°C, and the temperature of the polycrystalline panel was 31°C. From various aspects of the calculations carried out, we can see that the efficiency of monocrystalline panels is 18.07%, while the efficiency of polycrystalline panels is 16.04%. From the calculation results, we can conclude that the efficiency of monocrystalline modules increases significantly.

Automated acoustic monitoring of fish for near-real-time resource management

Abstract Freshwater fisheries in developing regions provide livelihoods and nutrition for millions of people worldwide. These fisheries are frequently data poor, which limits fisheries management. The seasonal Cambodian dai platform fishery on the Tonle Sap River is one of the best monitored inland fisheries in Southeast Asia, yet catch sampling is limited and there is no fishery-independent monitoring. A monitoring system is needed to characterize fish migration and mortality, be cost effective, and be deployable in areas with minimal infrastructure. We integrated a Simrad wide-band transceiver mini echosounder (200 kHz), solar power, and an Internet of Things communications module as an autonomous, automated monitoring package for the deployment on upstream and downstream commercial fishing platforms. The solar panel and controller supply direct current power to the echosounder, communications module, and battery for power during dark hours. Echosounders are programmed to sample at 1 Hz for 15 min every hour. The communications module is a built cellular endpoint that accesses a local wireless network to transmit raw data files to a data server. Data are downloaded from the server for processing and analysis. This expandable system provides a flexible management tool that can be deployed at any location with wireless communication capability.

Emission spectroscopy diagnosis and discharge characteristics distribution analysis of high-frequency, high-enthalpy inductive coupling plasma generator

To study the electromagnetic properties through reentry plasma on ground, a large-sized inductive coupled plasma generator is designed to produce a long-duration, large size and high temperature plasma flow in a low-pressure vacuum tank. Among all plasma parameters, the spatial distribution of electron density and electron temperature is of utmost importance for analyzing the electromagnetic scattering properties. In this study, we used the emission spectroscopy diagnosis method to explore the aforementioned parameters at two locations: upflow and downflow of the discharge coil in the plasma generator. Experiments were conducted under various discharge conditions for argon, with the panel power ranging from 28 kW to 85 kW. The results showed that, at the upflow of the discharge coil, the electron temperature at the center was higher than that at the edge, exhibiting an arch-shaped profile. However, at the downflow of the discharge coil, the electron temperature at the center was lower than that at the edge, exhibiting a saddle-shaped profile. The electron density exhibited a completely opposite distribution compared to the electron temperature, with higher values at the edge for upflow and higher values at the center for downflow. By varying the panel power, we observed the similar phenomenon: the electron temperature decreased, while the electron density increased with the increase in power. Finally, brief analysis was provided at the end of the paper. This study offered valuable insights into the transition of plasma distribution in a plasma generator, providing a reference for future research on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in plasma sheaths.

Indoor light energy harvesting technique to energize a heat sensor using polycrystalline solar panel

This paper presents the effect of using different illumination types between the polycrystalline solar panel and the light sources on energy harvesting performance for indoor low-power applications such as heat sensors. The main advantage of indoor energy harvesting is it makes good use of ambient energy from the environment and converts it directly to electricity for small power devices. In this paper, the maximum power of polycrystalline solar panels for four different light illuminations has been investigated under different distances of light sources from the polycrystalline solar panel. Implementation and test results of the effect of varying the distance and the power produced for different light illuminations are presented which highlights the practical issues and limitations of the system.

Increasing The Effectiveness Of 20 WP Solar Panel Power Absorption Using Three Angle Variations Based On The Effect Of Temperature Changes In Padang City

In this paper, a system has been successfully designed to measure the effectiveness of solar panel power absorption with three variations in location and temperature changes in the city of Padang. The performance specifications for this system use three 20-watt solar panels with varying angles of 50°, 65°, and 75°. Use of the INA219 sensor, DS18B20 sensor, and BH1750 sensor, which measure power, temperature, and light intensity parameters. The system uses a Bluetooth serial terminal as a data logger and data storage device. The design specifications for sensor accuracy are 97.5% for current, 98.3% for voltage, 98.7% for temperature, and 99.7% for light intensity. Sensor accuracy is 99.905% for current, 99.996% for voltage, 99.838% for temperature, and 99.383% for light intensity. Based on these results, the smart garden tool design can work well. The results of the increase for three variations of angles at three locations in the city are: Power absorption at an angle of 50° at 3 different locations obtained power absorption of 3447.07 Watts (urban), 2566.3 Watts (hills), and 2461 Watts (beach). Power absorption at an angle of 65 ° at 3 different locations obtained power absorption of 2324.67 Watts (urban), 1679.35 Watts (hills), and 1779.03 Watts (beach). Power absorption at an angle of 75° at 3 different locations obtained power absorption of 2162.16 Watts (urban), 1687.85 Watts (hills), and 1799.58 Watts (beach). From the measurement results, it can be concluded that increasing the effectiveness of solar panel energy harvesting can be done in urban locations at an angle of 50°.

The Effects of Bypass Diodes on Partially Shaded Solar Panels

This study seeks to determine the effects of partial shading on the power output of solar panels and to test the effectiveness of bypass diodes in minimizing these effects. The first part of the study focuses on determining the effect of partial shade on the energy output of a solar panel. The second part of this study is aimed at establishing the effect that partial shade has on solar panel power output. In this study, partial shade was found to reduce the amount of energy generated by solar panels when compared to the solar panel in fully exposed conditions. After conducting experiments and reviewing scholarly works, this study concludes that partial shading does decrease the power produced by the solar panels, thus reducing the amounts of energy produced. Moreover, this research establishes that bypass devices are effective in mitigating these effects, which can improve the performance of the solar panel arrays, increasing the overall efficiency of solar panel systems. This research may offer support for the creation of new solar panel technologies that are more effective and efficient and can better endure the effects of partial shading, ultimately resulting in a global adoption of solar energy as a workable and sustainable energy source.

A Feasibility Study of Profiting from System Imbalance Using Residential Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

Residential chargers are going to become the standard in the near future. Their operational cycles are closely tied to users’ daily routines, and the power consumption fluctuates between zero and peak levels. These types of installations are particularly challenging for the grid, especially concerning the balance of electricity production and consumption. Using battery storage in conjunction with renewable sources (e.g., photovoltaic power plants) represents a flexible solution for grid stabilization, but it is also associated with additional costs. Nowadays, grid authorities penalize a destabilization of the grid resulting from an increased imbalance between electricity generation and consumption and reward contributions to the system balance. Hence, there is a motivation for larger prosumers to make use of this mechanism to reduce their operational costs by better aligning their energy needs with the grid. This study explores the possibility of utilizing battery storage when it is not needed to fulfil its primary function of supporting charging electric vehicles, to generate some additional profit from providing a counter-imbalance. To test this idea, we develop an optimization model that maximizes the economic profit, considering system imbalance penalties/rewards, photovoltaic production, electric vehicle charging demand, and battery storage utilization. By means of computer simulation, we assess the overall operational costs while varying key installation parameters such as battery capacity and power, the installed power of photovoltaic panels and the prediction model’s accuracy. We identify conditions when counter-imbalance has proven to be a viable way to reduce installation costs. These conditions include temporal distribution of charging demand, electricity prices and photovoltaic production. For the morning time window, with a suitable setting of the installation parameters, the cost reduction reaches up to 14% compared to the situation without counter-imbalance.

Enhanced IoT Solution System for Smart Agriculture in Indonesia

This innovative solution encompasses an IoT-based smart agricultural system. The system includes a solar panel power supply, a weather station (monitoring temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction, raindrop), an air quality monitoring module (measuring NH4, CO2, and PM2.5 levels), a soil quality measurement module, a microcontroller, a GSM cellular module for internet connectivity, and an automated relay actuator for a water pump. The water pump's operation is contingent upon the soil moisture levels, ensuring efficient irrigation. The utilization of an IoT-driven smart agricultural system enables real-time monitoring of weather conditions, air quality, and agricultural soil conditions. Additionally, it facilitates the remote control of automated water pumps via smartphones—an aspect that remains unattainable within the confines of traditional Indonesian agriculture. Leveraging an Android application on smartphones, this system delivers detailed insights. To present the collected sensor data in accordance with prevailing environmental and soil states, a dedicated Android application has been developed. Moreover, this application facilitates the control of the water pump to irrigate arid soil as required. The data is transmitted via the internet to a cloud server, serving as the intermediary that receives data from the IoT system's sensors positioned at the farm.

Towards sustainable commercial-office buildings: Harnessing the power of solar panels, electric vehicles, and smart charging for enhanced energy efficiency and environmental responsibility

The value of reducing energy consumption in buildings has increased worldwide. This is because the consumption of fossil fuels in a building is as much as in other industries, also among buildings, the consumption of commercial-office buildings has a higher energy consumption; Therefore, the adoption of energy efficiency techniques in the construction and operation of buildings will play an essential role in creating sustainable cities in the future, and for this reason, green building standards such as IgCC, ASHRAE 189.1 and LEED are expanding. At the same time the advancement of technologies such as electric cars and solar cells, incredibly transparent solar cells for generating electricity are being witnessed. In this research, based on building energy simulation techniques, a commercial-office building has been investigated based on green building standards, considering the presence of electric cars and transparent solar cells. This research shows that the building with two scenarios of solar panels on the roof will be reduced by 9% and with transparent panels for electricity production by 18%. Also, the return rate of the first scenario is five years and nine months. The return rate of the second scenario is approximately six years and two months, which will decrease to 2 months and 20 days for the first scenario and three years and three months for the second scenario with the implementation of government incentive policies. Another finding was obtained through the intelligentization of electric car charging costs. It showed that if electric car charging stations are used in the building in three different states, including buildings without solar panels, building with the presence of solar panels only on the roof, and building with solar panels on the roof and transparent solar panels on the windows is 10%, 20% and 30% less than the cheapest commercial electric car charging station.

Hybrid optimized-ANFIS based MPPT for hybrid microgrid using zebra optimization algorithm and artificial gorilla troops optimizer

This paper presents an effective hybrid renewable energy system. This system utilizes primary energy sources represented by both photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy conversion system (WECS). In addition, integrating the battery energy storage system (BESS), the hydrogen energy storage system (HESS), and the supercapacitor energy storage system (SESS), as backup sources which providing reliable simultaneous power supply and loading. A new design for a wind energy conversion system based on a hybrid excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator (HEPMSG) is proposed, and then artificial intelligence strategies are utilized to determine the optimal flow of energy when the system is operating immediately. Moreover, new hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques have been proposed including zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA)-ANFIS-based MPPT and gorilla troops optimizer (GTO)-ANFIS-based MPPT to obtain the maximum power of solar panels and wind turbines, which leads to enhancing the performance of these energy sources. The implemented power flow management (PFM) model is designed by MATLAB/Simulink, considering three various operating cases to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of various backup system configurations under different operating scenarios. According to the results, power can be generated, and load requirements can be efficiently met by applying the proposed PFM strategy, and this leads to the system operating at optimal performance. When comparing two optimization techniques, it will become clear that both give robust performance, but ZOA technique significantly outperforms the GTO technique in the computation time (26.17 % reduction) for the photovoltaic system. On the other hand, in the case of the wind energy conversion system, the ZOA technique achieves a significant reduction in calculation time by 35.5 %. The ZOA technique achieves computation times of 1616.80 s and 672.43 s for the photovoltaic and wind energy conversion system, respectively.