Development Of Power Engineering Research Articles

Strategy for the Development of Bioenergy Based on Agriculture: Case for Ukraine

The development of biofuel engineering on the basis of agriculture is one of the main strategic directions of the use of alternative power sources. Renewable power engineering on the basis of agriculture serves as the ground for development of agricultural territories, agricultural diversification, technological equipment and innovative development of the branch and securing power independence of the country. The article analyses main trends of biofuel engineering development in Ukraine. We have built a forecast of change development pace of biofuel production in Ukraine up to 2025. We have conducted complex PEST-analysis of long-term benefits of biofuel engineering market in Ukraine. We have substantiated main tendencies of strategic changes in the branch within the limits of the most influential outer impact factors related to the development of renewable power engineering. We have conducted analysis by separating the factors that have positive and negative effect on the process under study. We have offered a complex of strategic activities within the limits of the most influential environmental factors. We have designed a development strategy for biofuel engineering on the basis of agriculture (hosing kanri method). It is based on the implementation of Deming Cycle and presents the concept of cycle management. On the basis of developed strategy we have outlined main strategic targets, processes and results. Among primary strategic targets we have singled out the following: the improvement of economic and law mechanism of state policy of the development of biofuel engineering; the increase of the volumes of attracting domestic and foreign investments; the implementation of innovative biofuel engineering technologies in industry; raising social awareness level for business and population. In order to optimize the implementation of the strategy development we have established correlation connections between the elements of the strategy. We have outlined the margin of biofuel engineering development at agricultural enterprises according to blue ocean strategy. The results obtained serve as the ground for further investigations of biofuel engineering development on the basis of agriculture.

Innovative priorities for power engineering

The article describes the features of the development of power engineering as one of the key industries that ensure stable economic growth in conditions of a high dependence of the Russian Federation on energy exports and world energy markets.

Technological aspects of state regulation of the development of power engineering

The article discusses the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of the technical, technological and sectoral structure of power engineering. The importance of power engineering as the most important branch of the domestic industry, providing the release of high-tech equipment for various types of power plants and industrial energy, is substantiated. It is revealed that ensuring timely progressive transformations in this industry is the most important task of state regulation of the economy.

ENSURING THE QUALITY OF MANUFACTURING GEAR TRANSMISSIONS IN POWER MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The development of modern power engineering goes along the line of continuous increase of speeds, efficiency and power units. Gears and gearboxes are crucial parts of modern mechanisms and occupy an important place in the domestic power engineering industry. The strength and durability of gears, in addition to design factors, to a large extent depends on the processing techniques. The final stage of manufacturing such wheels is the gear grinding operation. In the process of tooth-grinding, complex and unique thermomechanical processes take place in the thin surface layer. As a result of short-term heating to high temperatures, structural transformations, called prizhogami, occur in such a surface layer, and in some cases even micro and macro-cracks. In addition, there are cases of manufacturing gears with hidden grinding defects (for example, the appearance in the surface layer of teeth of large tensile stresses), which reduces the service life, and in some cases causes the teeth to break under operating conditions. The development of effective measures to ensure the quality of the surface layer during a gear grinding operation largely depends on the ability to predict (or calculate) temperatures and residual stresses along the depth of the cemented tooth layer. A method for calculating the internal residual stresses arising during gear grinding of wheels from cemented steels is proposed. On the basis of the performed calculations and experiments, the ways of improving the quality of manufacturing the working surfaces of gears used in units of thermal and nuclear power plants are proposed and substantiated.

Problem of nuclear-laser power engineering and methods of their solution

The concept of a high power reactor-laser system based on a nuclear pumped optical quantum amplifier (OKUYaN) was formulated at IPPE in the mid-1980-ies. The idea amounted to the use of wide-aperture OKUYaN as an amplifier within the already well-known “master laser – two-pass amplifier with phase conjugation” scheme. The structure of such an amplifier includes a system of two neutron-coupled units – an ignition reactor (RB) and a nuclear pumped laser amplifier (LB). The ignition unit is a compact multi-core pulsed fast neutron reactor. The laser amplifier unit operates on thermal neutrons and, with regard to the neutronics, it is a subcritical booster zone of the ignition reactor unit. Unique reactor-laser complex incorporating demonstration sample of a pulsed reactor-laser system based on OKUYaN (test facility “Stand B”) having no analogues anywhere in the world, was developed and put into operation at IPPE in 1999 for the purpose of substantiation of basic principles of the OKUYaN concept and demonstration of the possibility of its practical implementation, as well as verification of calculation codes and development of relevant equipment elements. Problems overcome in the development and construction of “Stand B” test facility, the choice and justification of the neutronics and laser characteristics of the OKUYaN demonstration sample are discussed in the present paper. Provided are the results of a detailed computational-experimental study of the demonstration sample characteristics, the data from systems studies of direct conversion of nuclear fission energy into laser radiation energy in complex reactor-laser devices and the results of examination of prospects for the development of nuclear-laser power engineering.

“GREEN” COOPERATIVES IN THE FORMATION OF AN INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM OF DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE POWER ENGINEERING IN THE AGRARIAN SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

The essence of energy cooperatives and their value in a power system of the country is investigated in this article. The aim of this article is to investigate the role of “green” cooperatives in the institutional mechanism of alternative energy development in the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy. The object of the study is the green cooperatives of alternative energy in Ukraine. The subject of the study is green cooperatives and their role in the development of the alternative energy in Ukraine’s agrarian sector. The methodology of this study is to use the institutional approach in the study of green energy cooperatives as an integral part of the institutional mechanism for the development of alternative energy in the agrarian sector. The basic concept “cooperation” and derivative “power cooperative” from the point of view of various authors are studied and our own explanation of the term “green power cooperative” is given. The condition of the development of alternative power engineering in Ukraine is investigated. Production and use of alternative energy sources in Ukraine have begun since 2007. In Ukraine, there operate 432 objects of the renewable power industry in Ukraine, to which the green tariff with a general power of 1534 MW is established. The most energy consumed is biofuel and waste, while the second place is the consumption of hydropower and the third is the consumption of wind and solar energy. The agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy has considerable potential for the development of renewable power as a rather developed branch of poultry farming and livestock production is favourable for the development of bioenergetics. Researches have shown that at this stage of development, it is possible to construct 1425 biogas installations on livestock and poultry-farming farms. For the last few years, there is an active construction of solar power stations. The biggest number of solar power stations is in the Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Ternopil regions. In this article, the institutional mechanism for the development of alternative power engineering is investigated. The main normative legal acts known as formal institutes which regulate renewable power in the country, namely laws, orders, strategy are considered. Such elements of the institutional mechanism as the organizations controlling and structuring the development of alternative energy sources, including the agrarian sphere of the national economy are analysed. The need for creation of green power cooperatives is proved and also an example of the successful experience of foreign countries in green power cooperation, namely such countries as Great Britain and Germany, is given. In Ukraine, such a form of the organization of activity as green power cooperation only begins to develop. In difficult economic and ecological conditions and conditions of the volatility of creation of green power cooperatives, it will allow solving a number of problems which are present now, including in the agrarian sector. However, there are barriers of institutional character which don’t allow the population to create power cooperatives fully. In this case, only the state due to the creation of the effective institutional mechanism can help solve a difficult situation. Besides, there is a need for simplifying the process of creation of green power cooperatives and releasing from the statement of a lot of tariffs. Increase in the number of green power cooperatives in the agrarian sphere is a basis for overcoming volatility of the population in rural areas, increases in their profitability and reduction of expenses. Conclusions. Green cooperatives play a major role in shaping the institutional mechanism of alternative energy development in the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy. Because rural people are only able to ensure their energy independence through the creation of green cooperatives, reduce the cost of purchasing energy resources, and also earn money selling produced energy and fuel. This will help not only increase the production and use of alternative energy sources in the agricultural sector of the country but will also greatly affect the development of rural areas.

The regional consumer market as a factor of structural shifts in energy resources consumer economy of the region

The role of the consumer market in effective sales policy formation in power engineering of regions is not debatable. According to project estimates it is necessary to accept that the regional consumer market is strategically important factor of the energy market structural changes in regions of Russia. Its balanced development provides the acceleration of progressive structural changes in their economy. The scientific results given in the article and obtained by the authors are directed to the consumer market justification as one of the leading strategic factors of power engineering development in regional economy structure, in particular in Ivanovo region, and analysis of its growth influence at energy resources consumption efficiency. It is shown that the main consequence of structural transformations in economy was the sharp decline in industrial production (in particular, in textile manufacture of the Ivanovo region) which was followed by decrease in energy consumption and its growth in service sector. Currently the consumer market acts as the dominating factor in electricity consumption and formation of regional electricity balance. These researches are aimed at justification of this conclusion at the moment.

The support vector machine application in the implementation of multidimensional relay protection

Power engineering digital transformation, the use of different intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), high-speed communication protocols provide extensive opportunities for relay protection and automation systems modernization of power utilities. One of the most promising avenues of power engineering development is design of new protection devices, whose principles are based on the elements of artificial intelligence and machine learning. The article discusses the features of the application of one of the most common machine learning algorithms, the support vector machine, by the example of constructing a three-dimensional fault detector, which would serve to increase a transmission line stepped protection selectivity. The proposed fault detector has high recognition ability and ease of technical implementation as part of the protection IED.

AN ANTHOLOGY OF THE DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUE. PART 46: THERMONUCLEAR POWER ENGINEERING. THERMONUCLEAR REACTORS AND POWER PLANTS: RETROSPECTIVE VIEW OF INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR SYNTHESIS, THEIR STATE-OF-THE-

Purpose. Preparation of brief scientific and technical review about the retrospective view of investigations, state-of-the art, problems and possible prospects of development in the world of thermonuclear power engineering. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of the opened scientific and technical information of world level in area of the controlled thermonuclear synthesis (CTS) and thermonuclear power engineering, resulted in scientific monographs, journals and internet reports. Results. A brief analytical scientific and technical review is resulted about the retrospective view of researches, modern state, basic achievements, existent problems and possible prospects of development of thermonuclear power engineering in the leading countries of the world. Nuclear physical bases of process of flowing of CTS are resulted in mixture of light nuclei. Information is presented about the results of the initial and modern stages of world researches in area of CTS. Basic constructions and technical descriptions of thermonuclear reactors (TNR), utilizing the magnetic and inertia withholding of hot plasma are described. World progress is analyzed in area of development, creation and research of experimental TNR, being based on the systems of withholding of hot plasma in toroidal magnetic «traps» (options: tokamaks and stellarators) and inertia systems of laser-impulse technology of microscopic explosions of targets-capsules of thermonuclear fuel. Information is resulted about the basic types of thermonuclear fuel, which can be used in the duty cycles of TNR, and safety of TNR. The basic systems and devices of the largest in the world of experimental TNR-tokamak of ITER type (with a reference cost of EUR 15 billion and term of putting into an experimental operation in 2025), erected now within the framework of international project in France are described. Basic problems are indicated in area of CTS in experimental TNR and creations in the future of the thermonuclear power plants (TNPP). The important role of TNPP and thermonuclear power engineering is marked on the whole in providing of humanity in a long-term prospect electric energy. Originality. Certain systematization of the scientific and technical materials touching the problem of CTS of light nuclei and practical application in the peaceful aims of thermonuclear energy known from the sources opened in outer informative space is executed. It is shown on the basis of approach of the systems, that, in spite of row of existent technical problems in area of creation of industrial TNR and practical commercial capture thermonuclear energy, thermonuclear power engineering has an important value for providing in remote future electric energy of all of humanity. Practical value. Scientific popularization and deepening for the students of technical universities, engineering, technical and scientific workers, working in the power sector of economy, scientific and technical knowledge in area of CTS and thermonuclear power engineering, extending their scientific range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society.

The Issue Of Linear No-Threshold Hypothesis

Some issues concerning the effect of ionizing radiation on the human body and methodological approaches to the development of radiation safety standards are considered. It is shown that the use of the linear no-threshold hypothesis (LNT hypothesis) in up-to-date radiation safety standards is inconsistent with experimental and epidemiological dose-response data, introduces essential excessive conservatism in the safety assessment process and causes additional problems concerning nuclear power engineering development.
 Due to the absence of convincing proofs for the existence of the dose threshold* nowadays, it is assumed that any ionizing radiation can lead to a certain risk of developing harmful effects and, therefore, the linear non-threshold dependence between the dose and the probability of the harmful effect is recommended. However, everyone understands that the use of the LNT hypothesis significantly overestimates the real danger. At the same time, the LNT hypothesis aggravates the existing high public fear of nuclear power, and the nuclear power industry pays extraordinary expenses to comply with radiation protection standards based on the LNT hypothesis. In order to comply with rules and regulations based on the LNT hypothesis, the nuclear energy industry invests financial resources in the creation of additional safety barriers for nuclear facilities, as well as new security and control systems. One of the reasons for increasing the cost for construction of a nuclear power plant is the increased design cost caused by enhanced safety requirements that are based on the LNT hypothesis.
 The traditional engineering approach to ensure the safety of nuclear facilities is based on the increase in the number of protective systems and devices that reduce the probability of severe accidents and reduce the radiation hazard of their consequences. Implementation of this approach in practice leads to a complication and a rise in the price of a nuclear facility. Obviously, it is possible to substantially enhance the safety level of nuclear facilities by creating new and new safety barriers around them, but sooner or later the nuclear energy production will become uncompetitive compared to the generation of other kinds of energy.
 It is concluded that up-to-date knowledge gives all the necessary grounds for eliminating the use of the linear no-threshold hypothesis and for revising the existing radiation safety standards of Ukraine for some isolated technological operations related to radiation hazardous activities. Such technological operations include activities related to the mitigation of radiation accident consequences, retrieval of nuclear materials and other activities related to the Shelter’s transformation into an environmentally safe system.

AN ANTHOLOGY OF THE DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUE. PART 45: TRADITIONAL POWER ENGINEERING. HYDRAULIC POWER PLANTS: STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT

Purpose. Preparation of brief scientific and technical review about the state, achievements, problems and prospects of development of world hydraulic power engineering. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of the opened scientific and technical information, present in scientific monographs, journals and internet sources, high meaningfulness in area of hydraulic power engineering. Results. A brief analytical scientific and technical review is resulted about the present state, achievements, problem tasks and prospects of development of hydraulic power engineering in the industrially developed countries of the world. Considerable progress is marked in development and creation of technical base of modern hydraulic power engineering including powerful hydraulic turbines and hydraulic electric generators. Existent classification of the hydraulic power plants (HPPs) is resulted. Basic types and constructions of powerful hydraulic turbines, in-use on modern HPPs are presented. Basic kinds and technical descriptions of powerful hydraulic electric generators used at modern HPPs are indicated. Information is resulted about the largest in the world ordinary HPPs and hydraulic heat-sink HPPs. Hydraulic power engineering of Ukraine is considered and descriptions of basic domestic HPPs are described. Advantages and failings of HPPs are marked in comparison with the thermal and nuclear power plants. Information is presented about absolute volumes of electric power produced by HPPs in a number of the industrial developed countries of the world. Quantitative indexes are resulted for today in the world of reserve of hydraulic power resources on the continents of our planet. A conclusion is done that this reserve of hydraulic power resources is mainly concentrated in the countries of Asia. It is indicated that hydraulic power engineering of the world produces presently up to 21 % of electric energy in annual world in the electrical energy balance. Some problem tasks of world hydraulic power engineering are indicated. Certain prospects are outlined in development of hydraulic power in the world and in Ukraine. Originality. Systematization is executed as short structured of scientific and technical review of the scientific and technical materials touching functioning of such important sector of world economy as hydraulic power engineering known from the open sources in informative space. Material is expounded from positions of scientist-electrophysics in an accessible for a wide reader new informatively-rich content form. Practical value. Popularization and deepening for students, engineers and technical specialists and researchers of front-rank scientific and technical knowledge in area of modern hydraulic power engineering extending their scientific range of interests and promoting further development of scientific and technical progress in society.

AN ANTHOLOGY OF THE DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUE. PART 43: TRADITIONAL POWER ENGINEERING. THERMAL POWER PLANTS: STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT

Purpose. Preparation of brief scientific and technical review with an analytical analysis about the state, achievements, problems and prospects of development of world thermal power engineering. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of the opened scientific and technical information, present in scientific monographs, journals and internet reports, world level in area of thermal power engineering. Results. A brief analytical scientific and technical review is resulted about the present state, achievements, problem tasks and prospects of development of thermal power engineering in the industrially developed countries of the world. Considerable progress is marked in development and creation of technical base of modern thermal power engineering including such thermal power devices (TPD) as steam generators, steam turbines and turbogenerators. Basic TPDs are described, charts of design and types of the modern thermal power plants (TPP), producing in the world about 70 % annual production electric power are presented. From positions of approach of the systems advantages and lacks of TPPs are described before other types of electric stations, generating heat and electric energy in industrial scales. Basic technical descriptions of largest TPPs of Ukraine are resulted, TPDs of powerful power units of which behave to the morally out-of-date past generation and characterized a large physical wear. Some topical problem tasks and possible ways of their decision are indicated in area of thermal power engineering of Ukraine. In a review an accent is done on the necessity of development and acceptance of strategic plan of development of thermal power engineering of Ukraine on the nearest 10 years. A regard is paid to power engineering experts acceleration of rates of introduction in domestic practice of achievements alternative and ecologically clean power engineering specialists − especially wind energy and sun energy. Originality. Systematization of the scientific and technical materials touching functioning of such important sector of world economy as thermal power engineering known from the sources opened in outer informative space is executed. It is shown that for normal development and determination of the nearest prospects for domestic thermal energy the native revision of power politics of Ukraine is needed. Practical value. Popularization and deepening for students, engineers and technical specialists and research workers of front-rank scientific and technical knowledge in area of modern thermal energy, extending their scientific range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society.

Создание системы сертификации оборудования возобновляемых источников энергии на соответствие стандартам Международной электротехнической комиссии

The article presents the results from analyzing the practices currently conducted by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on confirming the conformity of equipment on the basis of renewable sources of energy (RSEs) to the requirements of IEC standards within the international certification system IECRE. The worldwide trends in the development of renewable power engineering and its influence on the operation of power supply systems are briefly generalized. Information on the best practices in matters concerned with internationally recognizing the results of activities on confirming the conformity to IEC standards is presented. The certification system performance is analyzed, and proposals on using this international experience in Russia are given.

Основные проблемы в развитии региональной теплоэнергетики в сибирских условиях и пути их решения

Основные проблемы в развитии региональной теплоэнергетики в сибирских условиях и пути их решения

Influence of Climatic Factors on the Efficiency of Disposal Metal- Hydride Unit for the Double-Fuel Low-Speed Internal Combustion Engine of Gas Tankers

Contemporary tendencies in the development of ship power engineering have been analyzed. Consideration was given to the specific features of the transportation of liquefied natural gas by gas tankers. The prospects of utilization of the secondary energy resources of marine double-fuel low-speed diesel engines were defined. The metal hydride units of a continuous action were offered for this purpose. The need for the estimation of the influence of climatic factors on the efficiency of disposal metal-hydride unit has been defined. We proposed to carry out the investigation using the methods of mathematical simulation. The model takes into consideration the main physical relations, in particular material and thermal balances, the phase equilibrium, and heat-mass transfer processes. A relative power of disposal metal-hydride unit was taken as the efficiency criterion. The investigation was carried out with the regard to the propulsive unit of gas tanker of a Q-max type with the propulsion engine 9G80ME. The design diagram of the unit and the parameters of working media have been presented. The data of mathematical simulation of processes have been given. The disposal metal- hydride unit showed a reliable operation in different climatic operation conditions. A specific power of the disposal unit ranged from 5.7 to 6.2 %. The mechanical power of disposal unit was equal to 2.5 MW that enables the drive of the fuel gas compressor of propulsion engine and attached electric generator.

Efficiency estimation for the grid-tie photovoltaic stations construction in some regions of Central Asia and Transcaucasia

An assessment of the economic expediency of the construction of network photovoltaic stations in some regions of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan is presented, with an accounting for climate conditions and the electricity rates that were adopted to encourage the development of renewable power engineering. The analysis covers design variants of 5-MW model solar power plants on photovoltaic modules made according to various technologies with respective modern and advanced cost indicators. The performance indicators of PVPPs with multicrystalline photovoltaic modules and highly efficient HIT technology modules were made by the Hevel company in Russia.

International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering

PrefaceIt is our great pleasure to welcome you to 2017 International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering (ICSEE 2017), which will be held in Perth, Australia during June 12-14, 2017.The objective of ICSEE 2017 has always been bringing together a large group of researchers, scientists, academics, and engineers in this related area from all over the world, who share much more than technical interests, among other things, culture and history.This proceedings of ICSEE 2017 presents papers submitted to the conference from universities, research institutes and industries. The papers selected depended on their quality and their relevancy to the conference. The volume tends to present to the readers the recent advances in the field of renewable energy, energy management and economic strategy, energy development and generation system, design and development of new energy vehicles, power and electrical engineering, system modeling and performance evaluation etc.We would like to thank all the authors who have contributed to this volume and also to reviewers, speakers, chairpersons, sponsors and all the conference participants for their hard work and support to ICSEE 2017.ICSEE 2017 Organizing CommitteeJune 5, 2017Statement of Peer ReviewAll papers published in this volume of Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Экспериментальное исследование самостабилизации частоты вращения одноцилиндрового пневматического поршневого двигателя

Generation of electricity by standalone sources is one of leading-edge avenues in the development of modern power engineering. Good-looking prospects of developments in this field are stemming from the fact that the use of nothing else but centralized power grids and generating capacities in Russia becomes impossible under the conditions of market economy in the country. Wide use of stand-alone generation of electricity on the basis of well-known heat engines is held back by impossibility to ensure highly accurate stabilization of voltage frequency (at a 50 ±0.2 Hz level) unless expensive equipment is used. The article considers an approach to solving this problem by using a generating set equipped with an expansion piston (reciprocating) engine operating in the rotation frequency self-stabilization mode (RFSS). This phenomenon is studied by taking a pneumatic piston engine as an example. Air is considered as a modeling working fluid. Steam will be used as an actual working fluid in a real cogeneration plant. One of distinctive features pertinent to operation of a piston engine with RFSS is that the working fluid flowrate remains constant irrespective of the load power, which is a positive feature during its operation in a cogeneration mode. This feature eliminates the need to use an adjustable bypass line or a separate boiler and ensures normal operation of the heat supply system when the electrical load decreases. The main objective of the study is to compare the experimental data on the generating set operation with the theoretical data (the latter were obtained on a piston engine’s simplified dynamic model in transient modes). It has been shown that this model describes the real piston engine with accuracy sufficient for engineering purposes. Owing to this circumstance, taken in combination with simplicity of the dynamic model, it became possible to derive for the first time an engineering analytical formula for the overshoot of piston engines with RFSS at a step-wise variation of load. The study results opened the possibility to reliably determine how the rotation frequency of a piston engine with RFSS deviates in response to a step-like change of load. This quantity uniquely determines deviation of the frequency of voltage generated by the electrical generator driven by such engine. The authors have created prerequisites for determining the advisable application field of piston engines with RFSS in cogeneration power supply systems.

STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL FOR USING WIND RESOURCES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR TO REDUCE EMISSIONS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE CASE OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

The paper examines the environmental impact of energy facilities, namely harmful emissions to the atmosphere, pollutants into the waters, and contamination of the surrounding areas. The energy facilities emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulates and CO2 as well as fine particles of ash have the most negative environmental impact. Based on the reporting data on electricity generation and emissions of energy facilities for the period from 2011 to 2015, it is determined the average number of emissions per quantity of produced energy in the region. The development of wind power engineering in promising regions of Russia can become an alternative to traditional energy facilities. The paper evaluates the wind resources of the Lower Volga region (Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov regions) on the basis of long-term meteorological measurements of 5 meteorological stations for 2006-2016 taking into account the correction factors: the roughness of the underlying surface, the wind speed increase with height. Based on the ratio of the rotor diameter to the working height of the wind power plants (more than 80 models), an average value of this dependence is obtained in order to determine the correction factors taking into account the diameter of the rotor. The resulting value of possible annual electricity generation by wind power plants of various diameters allows the researchers to evaluate the effect in reducing the negative impact of thermal power plants.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MANUFACTURE OF HIGH-CAPACITY GAS TURBINE PLANTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The tasks of ensuring reliable and uninterrupted supply of electricity to consumers, industrial and environmental safety, the ability to monitor the state of energy equipment, to forecast and prevent emergencies, with the current situation in the energy sector taken into account, are becoming top priority areas for development of the industry’s production complex. Developments in the foreign policy and the global economic situation have signifi cantly changed the market conditions for manufacturers of power equipment, generating new challenges to Russia’s power engineering. Solving the problem of innovative development of the Russian power engineering industry has its specifi cs. First, the equipment used at the power industry facilities of the Russian Federation is mostly foreign-made, previously purchased and not requiring replacement in connection with expiration of its service life. Second, foreign-made equipment has improved technical and operational characteristics, is easy to use, can be maintained with a guaranteed supply of spare parts, and is provided with easily integrated complementary goods, such as software for industrial plant management, additional industrial safety systems, etc. Third, the manufacture and assembly of foreign equipment are localized mainly at places of the greatest demand, which gives an additional advantage to foreign producers for its delivery and subsequent maintenance. Fourth, the sale and support of foreign-made equipment are carried out by a well-organized dealer network. Fifth, one should note the high level of organization of technological processes for development, introduction and production of foreign equipment. It is based on these specifi c features that the structure of energy needs in high capacity gas turbines is formed, and the prospects for development of power engineering in this area are substantiated, the needs are shown, and the power rating values are substantiated for gas turbines for machine-building plants to place orders. The retrospective analysis of turbine construction in Russia enables to determine the prospects for its development. Successful development of turbine construction in Russia requires creating industrial and organizational infrastructure. Conclusions drawn as a result of analysis of the problem are of practical signifi cance and form an innovative way of development of heavy energy machine building.