Powder Research Articles

Analysis of the labeling of different brands of whole milk powder marketed in the City of Acari, Rio Grande do Norte

A rotulagem nutricional dos alimentos é toda e qualquer informação contida nas embalagens referente ao produto que está sendo exposto das prateleiras dos supermercados, com a finalidade de informar os consumidores a cerca do produto. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a rotulagem de diferentes marcas de leite em pó, comercializados na cidade de Acari, Rio grande do Norte. A pesquisa de campo, do tipo transversal com caráter quantitativo foi realizado por meio da aplicação de Check list especifico para rotulagem de alimentos, tendo como base as legislações vigentes. As amostras analisadas foram selecionadas de forma aleatória em supermercados de grande e de pequeno porte na cidade de Acari­ – RN e identificadas de forma sigilosa pela as letras A, B, C, D e E, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos das diferentes marcas do leite em pó integral comercializados na cidade de Acari­ – RN apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, estando em total conformidade com as legislações vigentes. Tal comportamento tem total relação com as políticas de qualidade adotadas pela as empresas, como também a presença da fiscalização pelo os órgãos competentes do setor agropecuário brasileiro.

Dr. James’s Fever Powder and other Georgian remedies

Dr. James’s Fever Powder and other Georgian remedies

Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Red Pepper Powder Focused on Red Pepper’s Major Production Area in Korea (2015-2016)

Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Red Pepper Powder Focused on Red Pepper’s Major Production Area in Korea (2015-2016)

Towards a development of novel bioinsecticides for organic control of Planococcus ficus in vineyards

The mealybug species, Planococcus ficus Signoret (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a pest that mainly affects grapevine plantations (Vitis vinifera L.), causing huge economic losses in the world. The numerous problems caused by the use of synthetic pesticides on the environment and human health have motivated the development and implementation of natural pesticides. The objective of this work was to develop effective and efficient contact bioinsecticide formulations for the control of P. ficus in vineyards. Anti-mealybug formulations were developed using (R)-(+)-pulegone as an active principle, TWEEN® 20 and soy lecithin powder as surfactants, and limonene and diatomaceous earth (DE) as insect waxy layer reducers. The insecticidal properties of formulations against vine mealybugs and their grapevine leaf phytotoxicity were evaluated in laboratory conditions. Pulegone+DE+Lecithin and Pulegone+Limonene+DE+Lecithin formulations showed the highest mortality rates of P. ficus (more than 70 % mortality) at 24 h and 48 h of treatment. This high mortality is probably due to an interaction between pulegone, DE and soy lecithin that allows more molecular mobility and increases the efficiency of the active substance, making it enter and act on the insect. In conclusion, the Pulegone+DE+Lecithin and Pulegone+Limonene+DE+Lecithin formulations can be an efficient tool for the organic control of P. ficus in vineyards.

Structural Identification of Nano-Calcium Compounds in Milk Powder by X-Ray Powder Diffraction

X-ray diffraction patterns of nano-calcium in milk samples obtained from market, to determine their crystal structures and average grain size. The results indicated that after processing, nano-calcium in milk powders not only prompt the transformation of crystal structure, but also partially generate oxide structures or even hydrated structures known as the hetero-phase. The methodology of using X-ray powder diffraction for the structural identification of nano-calcium compounds in milk powders has been successfully established in this study. This methodology can be applied to characterize the compounds and reveal the stability of the nano-scale additives in nano-food technology.

Validated Stability-Indicating HPLC and HPTLC Methods for the Determination of Ritonavir in Bulk Powder and in Capsules

Two sensitive and reproducible methods were described for the quantitative determination of the antireteroviral drug ritonavir in the presence of its degradation products. The first method was based on high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of the drug from its stress degradation products with the use of a reversed phase Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (5 µm, 4.6 × 150 mm) and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile : 0.05 M phosphoric acid (55 : 45, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The retention time of the drug was found to be 4.82 ± 0.002 min. Quantification was achieved with diode array detection (DAD) at 210 nm based on peak area and a linear calibration curve in the concentration range of 1-500 µg/mL. The proposed method made use of diode array detection as a tool for peak purity and identification. The second method involved a high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) separation followed by densitometric measurement of the spots at 240 nm. The separation was carried out on Fluka TLC aluminium sheets of silica gel with fluorescent indicator (254) nm and the mobile phase was acetonitrile - water (1 : 2, v/v), adjusted to pH 5.0 using 1 M orthophosphoric acid solution . The proposed procedure gave compact spots for ritonavir (retention factor, Rf = 0.41 ± 0.014). The linear regression equation was generated by least-squares treatment of the calibration data in the range of 0.8-12.5 µg/spot. The reliability and analytical performance of the proposed methods, including linearity, range, precision, accuracy, detection and quantitation limits, were statistically validated. The proposed methods were applied to Norvir capsules and no chromatographic interference was observed. When ritonavir was subjected to stress conditions; according to ICH guidelines, the proposed methods could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, and were thus considered as good stability-indicating procedures.

Effect of Vacuum Packaging and Natural Ingredients on the Physical and Microbiological Properties of Fresh Oregano ( Origanum syriacum ) Products

Fresh oregano (Origanum syriacum L.) is considered one of the most commonly used aromatic herbs in the Mediterranean diet. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility to extend the shelf life of fresh oregano leaves by employing vacuum packaging and natural ingredients. In this study, 132 samples of fresh oregano have been prepared in vacuum packs and divided into four treatments (n=33/treatments). The oregano recipes treatments were labeled as A (Only fresh oregano leaves 100%, Control), B (fresh oregano 63.2%, fresh onion 15%, olive oil 20%, NaCl 1.8%), C (fresh oregano 61.91%, fresh onion 15%, olive oil 20%, NaCl 1.8%, sumac powder 1.29%), and D (Fresh oregano 59.2%, 15% Fresh onion, 20% oil, 1.8% salt, 4% lactic Acid, ultimate pH 4.4). The potential growth of Clostridium botulinum by using Clostridium sporogenes DSM795 as a surrogate microbe has been assessed. Moreover, color attributes (L*, a*, b*), microbiological counts (aerobic, anaerobic, and psychrotrophic as well as yeast and molds), and pH- values have been evaluated during the storage period (42 days). Both spot and spreading agar journey methods showed that groups B and D could be resisted the growth of Clostridium sporogenes DSM 795. It was found that lactic acid was the most effective ingredient against aerobic, anaerobic, and psychrotrophic bacteria if compared to sumac and onion. On another hand, Group C showed significantly (pL* and b*-values if compared with other groups. In conclusion, the addition of lactic acid (group D) was the most effective antimicrobial agent in comparison with other ingredients. In addition, lactic acid enhanced the safety of the product by inhibition of the growth of Clostridium sporogenes DSM 795.

Post-buckling analysis of geometrically imperfect tapered curved micro-panels made of graphene oxide powder reinforced composite

The present research investigates post-buckling behavior of geometrically imperfect tapered curved micro-panels made of graphene oxide powder (GOP) reinforced composite. Micro-scale effects on the panel structure have been included based on strain gradient elasticity. Micro-panel is considered to be tapered based on thickness variation along longitudinal direction. Weight fractions of uniformly and linearly distributed GOPs are included in material properties based on Halpin-Tsai homogenization scheme considering. Post-buckling curves have been determined based on both perfect and imperfect micro-panel assumptions. It is found that post-buckling curves are varying with the changes of GOPs weight fraction, geometric imperfection, GOP distribution type, variable thickness parameters, panel curvature radius and strain gradient.

Effect of Starting Powder on the Growth of BaTiO3 Film Prepared by Aerosol Deposition Process

Effect of Starting Powder on the Growth of BaTiO3 Film Prepared by Aerosol Deposition Process

Preliminary phytochemical screening of bark (powder) extracts of Ficus religiosa (peepal) plant

The traditional medicine involves the use of various different plant extracts or the bioactive constituents. The study such as ethno medicine keenly r presents the best avenues in searching new economic plants for medicine. This type of study gives the health application at affordable cost. The present study carried out to find out the phytochemical constituents in the Ficus religiosa bark. The Ficus religiosa was collected from the Rama University Campus. The shadow dried bark materials were grained and extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and ethanol: water (50: 50). Photochemical analysis was carried out according to standard procedures. The bark powder was successively extracted ith Phytochemical screening shows the presence of carbohydrate, glycoside, alk loid, protein, amino acid, phytosterol, tannin & flavonoids. The result of the study could be useful for description and phytochemical analysis of the plant.

Infant milk formulae processing: Effect of wet-mix total solids and heat treatment temperature on rheological, emulsifying and nutritional properties

This study investigated the effects of total solids (TS) in the wet-mix and pasteurisation temperature on the whey protein (WP) denaturation, rheological behaviour, emulsifying properties and available lysine content of a model infant milk formula (IMF). IMF with 50% or 60% (w/w) TS were produced by wet-mix process and pasteurised at 75 °C or 100 °C for 18 s. Measurements were taken after dispersion, pasteurisation, homogenisation and spray-drying of wet-mix. Pasteurisation at 100 °C caused extensive WP denaturation (above 80%) and increased the viscosity. Available lysine content was 52% higher in powdered IMF obtained from wet-mixes pasteurised at 75 °C compared to 100 °C. A significant reduction in energy consumption could be achieved by producing IMF from 60% TS wet-mixes pasteurised at 75 °C, while obtaining powders with less than 7% WP denaturation, no loss of available lysine during processing and post-reconstitution stability for 2 h.

The Effect of Powder Composition on Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of CO-Deposited Al-Si Cating on Nickle-Based Superalloy

The Effect of Powder Composition on Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of CO-Deposited Al-Si Cating on Nickle-Based Superalloy

Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine on Morphogenesis and Production Process of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine on Morphogenesis and Production Process of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Mangani-pargasite, NaCa2(Mg4Mn3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 , a new mineral species of the amphibole

Mangani-pargasite, ideally NaCa 2 (Mg 4 Mn 3+ )(Si 6 Al 2 )O 22 (OH) 2 , is a new mineral species of the calcium amphibole subgroup of the amphibole supergroup. The type specimen was found on the mine dump of the Langban Fe-Mn-(Ba-As-Pb-Sb) deposit in Varmland, Bergslagen ore province, Sweden. Crystal chemical analyses resulted in the empirical chemical formula: A (Na 0.90 Pb 0.07 K 0.03 ) Σ1.00 B (Ca 1.93 Mn 2+ 0.07 ) Σ2.00 C (Mg 4.25 Mn 3+ 0.39 Al 0.26 Fe 3+ 0.10 ) Σ5.00 T (Si 6.35 Al 1.65 ) Σ8.00 O 22 W (OH) 2 . The mineral is biaxial positive, with a = 1.635(5), b = 1.645(5), c = 1.660(5) and the measured optic angle 2 V = 85(5)°. The dispersion is weak (r > v), and the optic orientation is: Y || b ; Z ^ c = 25(3)°. Mangani-pargasite is red to brownish red with weak pleochroism; X = pale reddish brown, Y = pale reddish brown and Z = pale brownish red; X ≈ Y > Z . The unit-cell parameters are a = 9.9448(5), b = 18.0171(9), c = 5.2829(3) A, b = 105.445(3)°, V = 912.39(9) A 3 , Z = 2, space group C 2/ m . The ten strongest reflections in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern [ d -values in A, I , ( h k l )] are: 8.420, 29, (1 1 0); 3.368, 17, (1 3 1), 3.279, 49, (2 4 0); 3.141, 100, (3 1 0); 2.817, 44, (3 3 0); 2.698, 21, (1 5 1); 2.389, 18, (3 5 0); 1.904, 29, (5 1 0); 1.650, 22, (4 6 1) and 1.448, 46, (6 6 -1).

Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia

Definite evidence has shown that the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) could be transmitted from person to person, so far more than 1 700 bedside clinicians have been infected. A lot of respiratory treatments for critically ill patients are deemed as high-risk factors for nosocomial transmission, such as intubation, manual ventilation by resuscitator, noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, bronchoscopy examination, suction and patient transportation, etc, due to its high possibility to cause or worsen the spread of the virus. As such, we developed this consensus recommendations on all those high-risk treatments, based on the current evidence as well as the resource limitation in some areas, with the aim to reduce the nosocomial transmission and optimize the treatment for the COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Those recommendations include: (1)Standard prevention and protection, and patient isolation; (2)Patient wearing mask during HFNC treatment; (3)Using dual limb ventilator with filters placed at the ventilator outlets, or using heat-moisture exchanger (HME) instead of heated humidification in single limb ventilator with HME placed between exhalation port and mask; avoid using mask with exhalation port on the mask; (4)Placing filter between resuscitator and mask or artificial airway; (5)For spontaneous breathing patients, placing mask for patients during bronchoscopy examination; for patients receiving noninvasive ventilation, using the special mask with bronchoscopy port to perform bronchoscopy; (6)Using sedation and paralytics during intubation, cuff pressure should be maintained between 25-30 cmH(2)O(1 cmH(2)O=0.098 kPa); (7)In-line suction catheter is recommended and it can be used for one week; (8)Dual-limb heated wire circuits are recommended and only changed with visible soiled; (9)For patients who need breathing support during transportation, placing an HME between ventilator and patient; (10)PSV is recommended for implementing spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), avoid using T-piece to do SBT. When tracheotomy patients are weaned from ventilator, HME should be used, avoid using T-piece or tracheostomy mask. (11)Avoid unnecessary bronchial hygiene therapy; (12) For patients who need aerosol therapy, dry powder inhaler metered dose inhaler with spacer is recommended for spontaneous breathing patients; while vibrating mesh nebulizer is recommended for ventilated patients and additional filter is recommended to be placed at the expiratory port of ventilation during nebulization.

Influence of Recycled Fine Aggregates on Strength Properties of Reactive Powder Mortar

على الرغم من أنه تم عمل الكثير من الأبحاث حول الخرسانة المعاد تدويرها ، إلا أنه لا تتوفر سوى معلومات قليلة عن تأثير استخدام الركام المعاد تدويره في إنتاج خرسانة المساحيق الفعالة. تم إجراء عمل تجريبي لبحث تأثير استخدام الخرسانة المعاد تدويرها كركام ناعم في خرسانة المساحيق الفعالة. تم تحضير خمسة خلطات مختلفة ، تم تحضير الخلطة الأولى، باستخدام الرمل الطبيعي ، وتم تحضير أربعة خلطات إضافية بنسب مئوية مختلفة من استبدال الرمل الطبيعي بالركام الناعم المعاد تدويره (20 ٪ ، 40 ٪ ، 60 ٪ و 80 ٪). تم إجراء التحقيق باستخدام فحص مقاومة الانضغاط، فحص مقاومة الشد المباشر وفحص مقاومة الانثناء.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Based Powder Metallurgy Superalloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Based Powder Metallurgy Superalloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting

Study of lubrication and rheological properties of urea grease with respect to PTFE powder addition

Study of lubrication and rheological properties of urea grease with respect to PTFE powder addition

Effect of immuno-potentiating herbal agents on milk and haematological parameter of subclinical mastitis affected crossbred dairy cow

The main purpose of this trail was evaluate the efficacy of herbal ingredient for treatment of subclinical mastitis and to test out how these ingredients effect on milk quality and yield and also effect on haematological value. Total 48 cows were selected for this study kept in conventional housing system in university dairy farm Kanpur on the bases of California Mastitis Test and Somatic Cell Count. These were divided in to 6 groups. Each group consist 6 cows. Different type of herbal paste applied in udder every morning and evening for 10 days. Out of all herbal paste turmeric powder was the most efficient drug as 75% cows suffering from subclinical mastitis were recovered by treatment of each of them. Black pepper was lowest result recovered in this trail, only 37.5% cow was recovered. Cows suffering from subclinical mastitis showed a 62.5% recovery percentage when treated with lemon for ten days and 75 percent cows recovered from subclinical mastitis when treated with Garlic for ten days. Udder health status and milk quality can be enhanced with use of Garlic and Turmeric powder combination in cows.

Efficacy and mechanism of Xiaobanxia Decoction and categorized formula in preventing and treating delayed chemotherapeutic vomiting

Objective To observe the pharmacodynamic effect of Xiaobanxia Decoction (XBXD) and categorized formula on cisplatin-induced delayed chemotherapeutic vomiting in rats, and to explore its prevention and treatment mechanism. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, ondansetron group, XBXD group, Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder group, with 10 rats in each group. The ondansetron group was given 2.6 mg/(kg•d) ondansetron, the XBXD group was given XBXD 22 g/(kg•d), the Ginger Pinellia Decoction group was given 31.5 ml/(kg•d) Ginger Pinellia Decoction, and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder group was given 0.63 g/(kg•d) Dried Ginger Powder. The blank group and the model group were intragastrically administered with normal saline. All the treattmens were last for three days and twice per day. After the first administration, except the blank group, the rats in all groups were intraperitoneally injected with 6 mg/kg cisplatin to establish chemotherapy-induced vomiting model. The kaolin intake of the chemotherapical rats were weighed every 24 h, and the ileum and medulla 5-HT, 5-HIAA, TPH and MAOA levels were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the model group, the kaolin intake of the chemotherapy rats in each treatment group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of ileum 5-HT (308.04 ± 29.90 ng/L, 355.97 ± 19.16 ng/L, 389.97 ± 24.86 ng/L vs. 498.95 ± 13.92 ng/L) and medulla 5-HT (375.32 ± 19.33 ng/L, 395.18 ± 16.12 ng/L, 406.68 ± 12.09 ng/L vs. 478.52 ± 13.88 ng/L) in the XBXD group, Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of ileum TPH (35.14 ± 2.68 ng/L vs. 47.31 ± 0.83 ng/L) in the XBXD group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of medulla TPH (33.68 ± 2.79 ng/L, 38.19 ± 1.74 ng/L vs. 43.68 ± 1.53 ng/L) in the Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of MAOA, 5-HIAA in the ileum and medulla of the XBXD group, Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions XBXD and categorized formula can effectively prevent and treat delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting in rats, and its mechanism may be related to decrease the TPH level and inhibiting 5-HT synthesis. Key words: Xiao Ban Xia Tang; Chemotherapy-induced vomiting; 5-hydroxytryptamine; Tryptophan hydroxylase; Rats