Potential Commodity Research Articles

Bahasa Indonesia

Ornamental fish is a potential commodity because it has its own charm. One of the ornamental fish that currently has a lot of interest is Cupang fish (Betta sp.). Cupang fish at the seed stage really need good and quality feed to support success during cultivation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different natural feeds on the growth and survival of Cupang fish fry (Betta sp.) and to determine the best type of natural food for Cupang fish survival and growth. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Parameters observed were absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, specific growth rate, and survival rate. The results showed that different natural feeds had a significant effect on absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, and specific growth rates, while different natural feeds had no significant effect on Cupang seed survival. Furthermore, giving silkworms (Tubifex sp.) is the best natural food compared to water fleas (Moina sp.) and mosquito larvae (Culex sp.,) for the growth of Cupang fish seeds during maintenance.

Prospective Analysis of Cocoa (Theobrema Cacao L.) Production in Indonesia

Cocoa is one of the potential commodities in Indonesia, therefore it is necessary to predict the increase cocoa production in Indonesia in the coming period and how to develop its strategy to get better as this year Indonesia in the rank of 4th after 3rd in the previous years. This study uses a simple linear regression method and SWOT analysis. The results obtained are the results of the analysis of the prediction of cocoa production in Indonesia in 2022-2050 by using simple regression analysis with cocoa production data in 1990-2019. In 2022 Cocoa production is estimated to reach 892,374.33 tons and it is estimated in 2050 cocoa production in Indonesia will reach 1,536,883.23 tons. In the future, let’s say the target of the increase of cocoa production in Indonesia 2022-2050 is 20%, so the production predicted in 2022 will be 1,077,133.68 tons and in 2050 reached 1,798,983.76 tons. It means, there will be a lot of potential production of cocoa which may bring a power to the supply of cocoa in the world, and it is possible to be increased in the world rank. The results of the SWOT analysis show that the position of cocoa development in Indonesia is in quadrant 3, where Indonesia has a large market opportunity but is also hindered by internal constraints. To get better in production as well as its quality, according to the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of cocoa plantations in Indonesia, there are several ways to make a development strategy, including: (1) Improving of cocoa plantations, (2) Improving the quality of cocoa seeds, (3) Encouraging the use of superior pest-resistant seeds in order to increase production and quality of cocoa. (4) Intensive counseling and assistance for farmers needs to be done to improve the human resources of cocoa farmers, (5) The use of the Fairtrade trading system for producers (Cocoa Farmers) as the opportunity to make their life better, (6) Rejuvenating and rehabilitating old cocoa plants using superior and resistant seeds/ plants from pest attacks, (7) Encouraging farmers to carry out the correct postharvest process to get better of cocoa prices, (8) Developing cocoa processing industries in Indonesia to increase the added - value and income of farmers, (9) Strengthening institutions among farmers by forming farmer groups so that farmers can do the farming effectively and efficiently so that they get better income, (10) Encouraging the government to prepare the extension workers to assist farmers through farmer groups in cocoa farming so that farmers are not interested to replace cocoa with other commodities, (11) Organizing regulation on Cocoa plantations so that farmers can produce cocoa in accordance with the quality requirements of the global market.

The role and impact of oil palm plantations in landscape management in South Tapanuli District, North Sumatra, Indonesia

This study was conducted in South Tapanuli District, which is one of the two oil palm centres implementing the landscape management project. Data collected from Regional Plan documents and 169 smallholder samples and analysed with Cross Tabulation and Compare Means Test. The results show that landscape management has been implemented through Regional Planning and various regulations. However, many institutions are authorized to manage landscape, which occasionally result in confusing and contradictory decisions. Through regulations, the Government has limited the expansion of oil palm plantations by specifying Forest and Food Regions. Intensification and diversification approaches are also considered as alternatives for balancing land allocations among sectors and commodities. Intensification is taught through the Sustainable Oil Palm Field School Program, which can improve smallholder knowledge and implementation of landscape management. However, smallholders with larger plantation areas are less interested in participating in the program. Diversifications were indicated through the smallholder cropping system, which is focused on potential commodities such as rubber, coffee or cacao. Smallholders perceive other commodities as less profitable because most of their agribusiness systems are less developed than the palm oil agribusiness system. Therefore, improvement in every potential agribusiness system is recommended to optimize landscape management in South Tapanuli.

Risk attitude and risk strategy management in red chili business in Langkat Regency North Sumatera Province

Red Chili one of the most potential commodities for cultivation. however, red chili farmers do not always experience profits. There are times when farmers often experience enormous losses. This is related to the risks and uncertainty of farming faced by farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the relationship of risk attitudes and risk management strategies in red chili farming in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. The data used are primary data sourced from questionnaires and interviews with 112 red chili farmers in Langkat Regency. The analytical method used is the Pearson Correlation to see relationship of risk attitudes and risk strategies. The results showed that the correlation between the variable risk attitude and risk management strategy was strong, significant and unidirectional or risk attitude had a significant and negative relationship to the intention to implement risk reduction strategies in red chili farming by farmers.

PENGARUH TOPOGRAFI LAHAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DI PT. DHARMA INTISAWIT NUGRAHA MUARA WAHAU KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR

Oil palm is one of the potential commodities whose cultivation trend began in 2003 in EastKalimantan which has the characteristics of hilly land. Oil palm itself is preferable to grow at analtitude of 400 m asl with a slope of up to 23% or at 12°.Therefore, this research is motivated todetermine the yield of oil palm plantations in certain land slope classifications. The study wasconducted on 2 afdeling which have different land classifications with an area of ± 14,000 ha.Thenfor comparison, it was taken through production data in 2019 with 2 treatments and 12 replications,which were processed using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) Two Way Anova. Primary data wereobtained through field observations, as well as soil sampling, which were analyzed directly for soilphysical properties and laboratory for chemical properties including pH H2O, Nitrogen (N),Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Magnesium (Mg.). The results of the research on the effect ofslope on oil palm production by various methods indicate that the land slope factor does not have asignificant effect on oil palm productivity.

PENGARUH KEMASAN PRODUK MINUMAN COKLAT BANJAROYO TERHADAP MINAT BELI

The development of ready-to-drink chocolate products is a milestone to increase the added value of cocoa beans. Cocoa bean is a potential commodity of Banjaroyo, Kulon Progo Regency, DIY. The development of chocolate beverage needed ability of producers to understand consumer demand, including in terms of product appearance, so the products can be accepted in the market. This study aimed to analyze the effect of packaging of Banjaroyo chocolate beverage on buying interest. Product packaging attributes that will be examined were colors, illustrations, forms, information and typography. This study used a quantitative approach by collecting assessments of 100 respondents and qualitative data as a support. The level of influence of packaging attributes on consumer buying interest was analyzed by regression tests and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the packaging color, illustrations, forms, information and typography simultaneously affected 66.4 % buying interest. The packaging form and packaging typography and information attributes significantly influence buying interest by 48.94 % and 10.74 %. Based on descriptive analysis respondents liked the form of a sturdy packaging, and easy to hold. However, packaging requires an improvement in the completeness of product information, and the uniqueness of the illustrations.

Analysis Supply Chain Management of Organic Pakcoy

Vegetables are a potential commodity. Pakcoy is one of the commodities have high deman. Because of high demand, quality assurance, insufficient supply and delivery that is not on time are the causes of the inefficient performance of Pakcoy's supply chain. Therefore, this study aims to identify and study the organic pakcoy management chain in the Brenjonk Organic Community. Respondents in this study were organic pakcoy farmers in the Trawas and Pacet areas, Brenjonk Organic Community, PT Y, and supermarkets. This research was conducted by using descriptive analysis method of Food Supply Chain Networking (FSCN) framework, trading system analysis, and descriptive analysis using attribute suitability. Discussion on organic pakcoy supply chain management at the Brenjonk Organic Community using the FSCN framework for chain analysis, business chain processes and supply chain performance analysis. Chain goals include market targets, development goals, and partnership development. Based on the results of this analysis, the management of the organic supply chain has not been going well because the supply chain is still too long.

Analysis of Value-Added and Calculation of Production Cost in the Production of Processed Coconut Product

Coconut is a potential commodity to be developed. The development of coconut agro-industry can increase product added value. Value-added analysis needs to be carried out to find out how much the added value of processed coconut product is. The calculation of basic costs also needs to be done to find out how much it costs to produce 1 unit or 1 kg of product. This research is beneficial as decision support through useful information for coconut farmers in increasing their income. Value-added analysis in this study used the Hayami method, while the calculation of the cost of processing involves fixed costs, variable costs, working hours, and production capacity. The study was conducted in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau. Product selection is based on previous research, which shows that prospective products developed are coconut oil, coconut sugar, and shell charcoal. Data collection was carried out in three districts, namely Mandah, Reteh, and Enok. The results showed that each product's added value was IDR 1,037.79 per kg in coconut sugar processing, IDR 760 per kg in coconut oil processing, and IDR. 249.98 per kg in shell charcoal processing. The results of the calculation of the cost of processing, the results obtained the production cost of charcoal processing is IDR 472.92 per kg, for coconut oil processing is IDR 14,939.13 per kg, and for processing of coconut sugar, it is IDR 8,535.07 per kg. The three products' production cost is far less than the selling price, so the business is quite profitable.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Nata de coco di Perkebunan Kelapa Desa Margomulyo Kecamatan Seyegan Kabupaten Sleman

Coconut plants are very potential commodities, all parts of the coconut plant are beneficial to the needs of human life. All parts of coconuts are not wasted and can be used to produce industrial products. The partners are coconut farmers who sell peeled coconut and coconut flesh. Farmers in Margomulyo village have difficulty in handling the waste of untreated coconut water. Sometimes the coconut water causes inundated land without being used. Sometimes when the coconut water is not directly absorbed in the ground, it will cause bad odor in the environment. Therefore, the use of coconut water is a way to optimize the use of coconut fruit. The content of sucrose sugar in coconut water will be used by Acetobacter xylinum as a source of energy, as well as a carbon source to form metabolite compounds such as cellulose that form Nata de Coco. In conclusion, Nata de coco making training in Margomulyo village gave positive response for the community to establish business unit. The barrier to the implementation of this activity was that there was no solution for handling waste production of Nata de coco of which aroma was quite disturbing. Thus, the implementation of nata de coco waste treatment program will be overcomed in further implementation of community service program which will be held in the next period

Inovasi teknologi budidaya bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia Merr) untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan analisis kelayakan ekonomi

Dayak onions (Eleutherine palmifolia Merr) are a potential commodity that has many health benefits, so it has a high economic value. However, this Dayak onion plant has not received much attention in cultiva¬tion technology, especially fertilization. So far, this onion has grown relying on nature, while the land has diminished its fertility. This study tested a combination of chicken manure and NPK fertilizer to obtain the optimal composition to increase the productivity of Dayak onions. This study used a factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The first factor consists of the treatment of chicken manure(O1 = control, O2 = 10 ton.ha-1 and O3 = 20 ton.ha-1). The second factor consists of NPK fertilizer(K1 = control, K2 = 100 kg.ha-1 Urea + 150 kg.ha-1 SP 36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl, K3 = 200 kg.ha-1Urea + 150 kg.ha-1 SP 36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl, and K4 = 300 kg.ha-1 Urea + 150 kg.ha-1 SP 36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl). The results showed that there was an interaction effect between the composition of chicken manure and NPK on the number of leaves, fresh weight of tubers, and dry weight of tubers per clump but did not affect the growth of plant height. The yield of Dayak bulbs of 62.60 g / clump was obtained in the composition of chicken manure of 20 tonnes.ha-1 with an NPK of 200 kg.ha-1 Urea + 150 kg.ha-1SP 36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl. From an economic perspective, the composition is very efficient and feasible, which is indicated by R / C> 1, namely 5.75, which means that with a certain unit cost, it can get 5.75 times the revenue.

Adaptation Tests of Some Shallots Varieties on Lowlands Area in The Pesisir Selatan District, West Sumatera

The vast utilization of wetland and dry land in the lowlands of West Sumatra Province for the development of shallots as a potential commodity in an effort to increase farmer income. Shallot is one of the leading vegetables coomodities since it has been cultivated by the people of West Sumatra in the highlands area. The availability of superior varieties of shallots produced by the Agency of Agricultural Research and Development provides many choices in shallot farming, it is necessary to test the adaptation of these superior varieties in the lowlands area. The study aimed to determine the level of adaptation of several shallot varieties in the lowlands area in Pesisir Selatan Districts, West Sumatra. The study was conducted on farmer group land in the Surantih area, Sutera sub District, Pesisir Selatan Districts from April until July 2016. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the treatment of four superior shallot varieties namely: Katumi, Bima Brebes, Pikatan and Mentes, with 6 (six) replications. The data obtained were analyzed using variance and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of research showed that: (1) the Katumi variety showed a higher harvest weight (14.00 tons/hectare) followed by the Bima Brebes, Pikatan and Mentes varieties, (2) For the Pesisir lowland dry land area, the most adaptive shallot variety was Katumi.

Agriculture developement based on regional potency in kulonprogro regency

Agriculture sector has important role in the economic stabilization from micro to macro level, it has quite strong role in the bottom level of peoples’ economic especially in the rural or marginal area. Indonesian agriculture is still dominated by food production such as rice, maize, cassava, peanut and soybean. These commodities can be consumed by farmers or can be sold, this reason make these are popular to be planted. This research aims to determine the programs to develop agriculture in Regency Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta. Cluster analysis was used to determine the development program based on potential commodity each area. Potential commodity was analyzed with location quotient analysis (LQ). Results show that paddy wetland, paddy dryland and peanut have average above one, it means these commodities have potency to be developed. Maize, cassava and soybean in average does not show LQ above one, but in some subdistricts show above one. 12 subdistricts were grouped by their similarity in to three clusters. Cluster 1 has similarity in rice wetland, non-agriculture land, agriculture shop, bank, cooperation, high school, higher school and farmers group. Cluster 2 has similarity in rice wetland, uneducated people, and non-farmers occupation. And cluster 3 has similarity in rice dryland, market, farmers’ occupation and basic school. Based on the LQ and cluster, the programs for developing agriculture are increasing human resource quality, organization and facilities.

Carbon dioxide copolymers: Emerging sustainable materials for versatile applications

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is cheap, renewable, abundant, and nontoxic carbon feedstocks in chemical reactions. In the past two decades, utilization of CO2 in polymer science has become a meaningful topic bridging two separate subjects, namely CO2 valorization and sustainable polymer synthesis. This review summarizes the recent progress in CO2 copolymer materials from synthesis to material performance adjustment, focusing on commercialized or potential commodity sustainable materials such as biodegradable polycarbonates and new structure polyurethanes from CO2‐polyol building blocks.

Economic development of south coastal region Purworejo Regency based on superior commodities

The diversity of superior potential that exists in the southern coastal region of Purworejo Regency is one of the basic capital in economic development. However, the reality is the diversity of superior commodity potentials from the agricultural sector has not become a basis in the economic development of the southern coastal region of Purworejo Regency. Based on this, the research is focused on examining various types of potential commodity as a basis in the economic development of the southern coastal region of Purworejo Regency. The data used in this study are secondary data. Secondary data were obtained through institutional studies from local government agencies. Data were analyzed using the LQ, Shift share and SWOT models. The results of the study found that there are various types of superior commodities that will be the basis for the development of the southern coastal region of Purworejo Regency.

Spawning technique of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) infloating nets cage

Tuna is a potential commodity because it contributes the largest fishery export. Tuna aquaculture is one of the steps that can be taken to maintain the stability of tuna fishery production. The aquaculture method using floating net cages is the most productive aquaculture technique. The study has performed in the Central Research of Sea Cultivation and Fisheries Extension Gondol, Bali. The purpose is to know how the technique of spawning yellow fin tuna (T. albacares) in floating net cages. The control issues and obstacles encountered during the process of raising the broodstock yellow fin tuna. Spawning of yellow fin tuna is done naturally. Broodstock female of yellow fin tuna used from catching process that is choosing broodstock candidate of tuna fish with weight 5 kg and length +25 cm. The weight ratio of yellow fin tuna between male and female is 3:1. Water quality parameters for yellow fin tuna larva among others: temperature 29-30°C; pH 8.2; and DO 6.0 ppm. Based on the calculation, the obtained hatching raate of yellow fin tuna is at 75.34% and the Survival Rate is 0%. Artificial feeds used in the maintenance of larvae are Nannochloropsis oculate and Brachionus rotundiformes.

KOMODITAS PETERNAKAN UNGGULAN DI KABUPATEN CIAMIS

The era of regional autonomy gives authority to regions to manage their own regions, including the utilization of regional potentials in carrying out development. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying livestock commodities which are the base in the sub-district area in Ciamis Regency, knowing the growth of livestock commodities in the sub-district area in Ciamis Regency, and identifying livestock commodities which are the potential ones in Ciamis Regency. The research was conducted from January to September 2020. The research method used was a case study of seven livestock commodities analyzed by SLQ and DLQ and Shift Share analysis. The results showed: (1) The livestock commodities which are the base in the sub-district area in Ciamis Regency are cows, sheep, goats, native chickens, broilers, laying hens, and ducks. (2) The growth of livestock commodities that are experiencing rapid growth are beef cattle and layer and basic livestock commodities that are competitive are beef cattle, sheep, goats, domestic chickens, broilers, layer, and ducks. (3) Animal husbandry commodities which are the potential commodities in Ciamis Regency are beef cattle and layer.

SIKAP KONSUMEN TERHADAP KOMODITAS EDIBLE FLOWERS (Suatu Kasus pada IJO Hydro Rooftop Garden and Hydroponic Market)

Floriculture is a potential commodity and is in demand in Indonesia. Edible flowers are one of the consumable floricultural commodities. In Indonesia, the utilization and consumption level of edible flowers is not optimal. In order to maximize the marketing activities of edible flowers, a company must be able to study consumer behavior. Analysis of consumer attitudes is used in this study to determine the tendency of consumers to behave towards edible flower commodities. This study uses a quantitative design and a survey method using a questionnaire instrument. The sample size used was 51 respondents. The method used is a descriptive analysis to analyze respondents' attitudes based on the affective attitude attribute towards edible flower commodities. The results of this study indicate that the majority of respondents' attitudes towards the affective attitude attribute towards edible flower commodities showed good results. The highest affective attitude attribute was in the attribute, which stated that the edible flower commodity was attractive. Meanwhile, the lowest affective attitude attribute is in the attitude attribute 'Important'.

Hydroponic: Empowering Local Farmer Knowhow to Gain Value Added on Agriculture Commodity

The agricultural sector is one of the potential commodities in business at domestic and abroad, local farmers in the West Java area are trying to run the best farming system that is adapted to market needs. Conventional farming systems that require large tracts of land, the availability of farmer labor and the length of time for harvesting are obstacles for local farmers to expand their businesses and increase their production yields. A concept in the agricultural system that is different from conventional agriculture yet can be used by local farmers at this time is hydroponic farming. Hydroponic farming that uses water as a planting medium can be implemented anywhere such as urban areas because it does not require large tracts of land. One of the hydroponic techniques that is currently developing is the NFT or Nutrient Film Technique which can be applied in the highlands and lowlands. This system can provide quality harvests. The NFT system provides added value for farmers by increasing farmers' knowledge about the hydroponic farming system and increasing agricultural commodities produced, through this system the farmers can run their farming business on land that is not extensive in urban areas. The commodities produced are of high quality because they are environmentally friendly, with efficient fertilizer, water and the use of non-pesticide ingredients. In fact, this hydroponic system requires a large enough cost to purchase material, regardless of the greater quantity of harvest and shorter harvest time. Increasing the quality and quantity of agricultural products encourage local farmers to run a hydroponic system in meeting market needs so that they have high economic value and can improve the welfare of local farmers.

Pengembangan Kawasan Agrowisata Berbasis Komoditas Unggulan di Payo, Solok, Sumatera Barat

Solok City Government has a plan to develop area-based agrotourism in order to develop regional superior commodities. The research objectives are: (1) assessing the existing condition of agriculture and livestock, (2) assessing the role of stakeholder in developing Payo agro-tourism, (3) formulating Payo agro-tourism development strategies. The data used were primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from farmer interviews and participatory rural appraisal (PRA), as well as focus group discussions (FGD) with stakeholders. Data were analyzed with interactive analysis techniques and thematic analysis. The results showed that the socio-economic conditions of the community and the commitment of the local government supported the successful development of superior commodities in the Payo agro-tourism area. Potential and superior commodities based on land suitability, community and government interests are coffee, mangosteen, avocado, turmeric, chrysanthemum, and medicinal plants. But still needed support from IAARD technological innovation and institutional arrangement. The recommended steps in the development of Payo agro-tourism in a row are as follows: (1) structuring commodities according to land suitability, (2) providing technical guidance with methods that are easily understood, and (3) providing escort and institutional arrangement in developing agro-tourism areas. The involvement of IAARD in this effort can be started by drafting grand design of IAARD technological innovation support in Payo agro-tourism.Keywords: agro-tourism, area, solok

Comparison of the development of cluster and non-cluster models of corn farming

Corn is the potential commodity in Grobogan Regency. Considering that potential, Bank Indonesia, in cooperation with the Government of Grobogan, creates the development program of corn cluster. The selected area was Gapoktan Sido Murni in Tambakselo Village. However, there was an area with the same potential that doesn’t have a cluster development program, which is Gapoktan Sido Manunggal in Dokoro Village. Therefore this research aims compare the income, profit, and feasibility of corn farming. The number of respondents was 20 farmers in each village and was determined by a non-random sampling. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that farmers of Gapoktan Sido Murni earned an average income of IDR 11,724,722 and a profit of IDR 7,917,851. Meanwhile, farmers in Gapoktan Sido Manunggal earned an average income of IDR 9,740,915 and a profit of IDR 5,991,161. The R/C in Gapoktan Sido Murni was 1.9 while Gapoktan Sido Manunggal had 1.6, land productivity in Gapoktan Sido Murni was IDR 9,928,684/Ha/season and Gapoktan Sido Manunggal was IDR 7,991,161/Ha/season, and capital productivity in Gapoktan Sido Murni 148% and Dokoro 104%. Based on the feasibility analyses, Gapoktan Sido Murni had a higher feasibility value than Gapoktan Sido Manunggal; thus, the corn cluster program is worth developing.