Potential Areas For Development Research Articles

Перспективы исследования повышенной юридической ответственности

The article discusses the prospects for the study of increased legal responsibility in law. The potential areas of development of the institution of increased legal responsibility as an independent scientific field are analyzed. Conclusions are made on improving the current legislation in the field of application of measures of increased legal responsibility. The doctrinal and methodological foundations for promising developments on the study of increased legal responsibility are being established.

3D Bioprinting of Lignocellulosic Biomaterials.

The interest in bioprinting of sustainable biomaterials is rapidly growing, and lignocellulosic biomaterials have a unique role in this development. Lignocellulosic materials are biocompatible and possess tunable mechanical properties, and therefore promising for use in the field of 3D-printed biomaterials. This review aims to spotlight the recent progress on the application of different lignocellulosic materials (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) from various sources (wood, bacteria, and fungi) in different forms (including nanocrystals and nanofibers in 3D bioprinting). Their crystallinity, leading to water insolubility and the presence of suspended nanostructures, makes these polymers stand out among hydrogel-forming biomaterials. These unique structures give rise to favorable properties such as high ink viscosity and strength and toughness of the final hydrogel, even when used at low concentrations. In this review, the application of lignocellulosic polymers with other components in inks is reported for 3D bioprinting and identified supercritical CO2 as a potential sterilization method for 3D-printed cellulosic materials. This review also focuses on the areas of potential development by highlighting the opportunities and unmet challenges such as the need for standardization of the production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the cellulosic materials that underscore the direction of future research into the 3D biofabrication of cellulose-based biomaterials.

A guide to curriculum inquiry for brachytherapy simulation-based medical education

PurposeBrachytherapy is a required clinical competency within radiation oncology training but decreased utilization and volume have limited trainee exposure. Simulation-based medical education is an established educational tool that allows learners to engage in higher-order learning in a safe space and has unique application in brachytherapy instruction. Methods and MaterialsWe reviewed best practices in curriculum development for simulation-based medical education in brachytherapy, current works in brachytherapy simulation, and identify areas for future development. ResultsThe systematic curriculum inquiry method as it relates to brachytherapy was described using the “six-step approach” of problem identification and general needs assessment, targeted needs assessment, goals and objectives, educational strategies, implementation, and evaluation and feedback. Best practices in simulation identified several features of effective learning, including feedback, repetitive practice, and curriculum integration. A review of current simulation-based medical education brachytherapy publications revealed five manuscripts to date with a focus on feasibility across a variety of disease sites, including the prostate, cervical, breast, and head and neck. Potential areas of future development include curricular quality improvement, long-term outcomes, objectives that scale to the learner’s competencies, and expansion beyond psychomotor skills. ConclusionsBrachytherapy is an essential modality in radiation oncology. Simulation-based medical education provides a powerful opportunity to improve brachytherapy training effectively.

Use of Generational Theory for the Assessment of Involvement In International Electronic Commerce Activities

Over the past two decades the number of Internet users around the world has incredibly increased. E-commerce is becoming a potential area for business development creating significant added value for the global economy. This increases competition between e-commerce platforms and makes it difficult to survive. The purpose of this article is to create a conceptual model for the success of e-commerce by identifying the factors that determine the involvement of different generations in the international e-commerce activities. An analysis of the scientific literature was carried out to identify the factors. The assessment of existing success factors and success models has identified weaknesses and shaped the model of e-commerce success, which includes the generational divide as a factor that determines the choice of the consumer.

Characterization of a Carbonate Reservoir Formed in a Low Energy Environment

Lu, H.; Tang, H.M.; Wang, M., and Wang, Y.J., 2020. Characterization of a carbonate reservoir formed in a low energy environment. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 775–784. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The Cretaceous oil and gas reservoir located in the Middle East is one of the most important reservoirs in the world. However, it is highly inhomogeneous and porous and displays low permeability. These characteristics affect is potential as high quality reservoir. The present research integrated conventional petrophysical tests, high-pressure mercury intrusion analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and petrological analysis to determine the rock characteristics of the Kh2 upper cretaceous oil field. With this information we classified the reservoir in different types. The results showed that the reservoir was formed in a low energy environment, is an open platform running from above the wave base level to below the low tide line. The lithology was dominated by foraminiferal biomicritie, echinate biomicritie, micritie, pelsparite, algae biopelmicrite, algal biomicritie, and algal fossiliferous micrite. Based on the regional structure and palaeogeodetic sedimentary background, the presence of open sea (MF1), high-energy pellets shoal (MF2), intershoal sea (MF3), low-energy pellets shoal (MF4), and low-energy bioclastic shoal (MF5) were identified. The porosity ranged from 10% to 29%, with an average of 23.73%. The permeability varied between 0.4 mD and 490 mD, with an average value of 21.21 mD. In addition, the petrophysical properties were controlled by sedimentary microfacies and diagenesis, and the quality of these properties decreased in the order MF2, MF4, MF5, MF3, MF1. Diagenesis transformed the reservoir; however, the basis for diagenesis was the sedimentary environment. The reservoir was divided into 3 types, which corresponded to 3 types of pore structures. The first type (pore throat structure I) mainly developed in MF2 and MF4, where the average throat radius was larger than 2.2 µm, and the permeability higher than 20 mD. The second type (pore throat structure II) was identified in MF4 and MF5, presenting an average throat radius between 0.5 µm and 2.2 µm, and a permeability between 5 mD and 20 mD. The third type (pore throat structure III) occurred in MF1 and MF3, presented average throat radius smaller than 0.5 µm, and permeability smaller than 5 mD. The Kh2 layer was a type II reservoir. The results presented herein will be of great significance for the identification of potential oil research and development areas.

Artificial intelligence in paediatric radiology: Future opportunities.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has received widespread and growing interest in healthcare, as a method to save time, cost and improve efficiencies. The high-performance statistics and diagnostic accuracies reported by using AI algorithms (with respect to predefined reference standards), particularly from image pattern recognition studies, have resulted in extensive applications proposed for clinical radiology, especially for enhanced image interpretation. Whilst certain sub-speciality areas in radiology, such as those relating to cancer screening, have received wide-spread attention in the media and scientific community, children's imaging has been hitherto neglected.In this article, we discuss a variety of possible 'use cases' in paediatric radiology from a patient pathway perspective where AI has either been implemented or shown early-stage feasibility, while also taking inspiration from the adult literature to propose potential areas for future development. We aim to demonstrate how a 'future, enhanced paediatric radiology service' could operate and to stimulate further discussion with avenues for research.

Analysis of Determining Factors and Strategies in Dairy Cattle Agribusiness Improvement to Increase Milk Production in Central Java

This research aims to analyze factors and strategies in dairy cattle agribusiness improvement to increase milk production in Central Java. Survey method was used in this research, the research sites were selected by purposive sampling method, based on the potential development area for dairy cattle business in Central Java. The two sites were: Semarang Regency and Boyolali Regency. Sample of this research are 30 respondents. The data were analyzed descriptively and statistically. Factors in improvement of dairy cattle agribusiness to increase milk production were analyzed using multiple linear regression statistical model. The strategies of dairy cattle agribusiness improvement were analyzed using the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (S.W.O.T) model. The result of this research showed that the independent factors overall significantly influenced (P<0.01) the production of milk, with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.60. It was determined that the best strategy for dairy cattle agribusiness improvement was the SO strategy, which is to utilize strength to achieve business opportunity.

Potential Development of Green Open Space and Forest of Pahandut Seberang Village, City of Palangka Raya

The research location is located in the village of Pahandut Seberang as a new village developed by Pahandut Village. Pahandut Seberang Village has vacant land in the form of forests and swamps that have not yet been developed as one of the potential development areas. Identification of a new green open space potential area is using figure ground analysis and history of place analysis. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of the green open space and the development of urban forest tourism. The potential location is expected Pahandut Seberang Village, District of Pahandut, City of Palangka Raya. This location is closed to the Kahayan riverside area as a pilot project to environmental management and sustainability area in the future. The method uses qualitative methods through observation, surveys and interviews. Physical analysis is to identify green open space area in Pahandut Seberang Village using field observations such as: (1) land use development, (2) green open space area, and (3) built up area. Non-physical analysis is using of indepth interview from Pahandut Seberang community as a part of real participation to maintain the green open space and forest area in the future.

Peer review audit of non-specialist occupational physician reports.

With declining specialist occupational physician (OP) numbers, there is increasing recognition of the importance of non-specialist physicians in occupational health (OH) service delivery, yet to date, this physician group remains understudied and their competency requirements poorly understood. To evaluate the quality of a sample of non-specialist OH reports and compare these with specialist reports. A retrospective peer review audit of a convenience sample of 200 consecutive non-specialist and specialist OH reports from an Irish OH service using an assessment form based on the modified Sheffield Assessment Instrument for Letters SAIL(OH)1. Of the 200 peer reviewed OH reports, 159 (80%) were from non-specialists. For all questions, 87% and above of non-specialist reports were 'satisfactory' or 'above expected'. On the overall assessment, out of 10, the mean non-specialist report score was 6.8 (standard deviation (SD) 3-10) and the specialist score was 7.3 (SD 3-10). Comparatively, non-specialist reports highlighted legal/ethical issues marginally more and adhered slightly better to contractual/ethical/legal boundaries, while specialist reports fared better in addressing manager's questions, in their structure and clarity and in covering all significant aspects of the case, particularly if the case was complex. Our findings demonstrate a high standard of OH report quality in this sample of non-specialist OPs that is consistent across all key OH report components. Potential development areas are also identified that can inform education/training tailored to this physician group and assist in competency standard-setting.

Econometric Models of Network Formation

This article provides a selective review of the recent literature on econometric models of network formation. I start with a brief exposition on basic concepts and tools for the statistical description of networks; then I offer a review of dyadic models, focusing on statistical models on pairs of nodes, and I describe several developments of interest to the econometrics literature. I also present a discussion of nondyadic models in which link formation might be influenced by the presence or absence of additional links, which themselves are subject to similar influences. This argument is related to the statistical literature on conditionally specified models and the econometrics of game theoretical models. I close with a (nonexhaustive) discussion of potential areas for further development.

Resource selection of apex raptors: implications for siting energy development in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems

AbstractThere is an urgent need to understand ecological responses of avian species to the rapidly expanding human footprint of conventional and renewable energy development in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems. The ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) and golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) are two sympatric raptors of conservation concern that occupy and flourish in the most intact sagebrush steppe region remaining in North America. To understand these species’ use of habitat relative to energy development, we built resource selection functions using a spatially representative sample of occupied nesting territories collected in 2010–2011 and remotely sensed environmental variables across an extensive study area (186,693 km2). We used the resulting predicted resource selection maps to evaluate spatial overlap between the nesting habitats of these sympatric raptor species, as well as overlap of predicted habitat with potential development of oil/gas and wind energy resources. Remotely sensed variables were very effective in modeling patterns of nest‐site selection based on fivefold cross‐validation (&gt;0.93 Spearman‐rank correlation) and validation with an independent dataset of historical nests collected from 2000 to 2009. Topographic roughness and intermediate levels of spring precipitation were the strongest drivers of differences in habitat use between ferruginous hawks and golden eagles. We did not detect a strong signal of avoidance of energy infrastructure by either species at current levels of development and both nested closer than expected to gravel/dirt roads associated with oil and gas infrastructure. However, extensive overlap of nesting habitat more selected by ferruginous hawks and golden eagles with areas of actual and potential energy development suggests both species are at risk from future habitat fragmentation. Given that 80% of nests are&gt; 1 km from oil/gas wells, we believe the density of energy‐related disturbance present during our study was insufficient to drive patterns of resource selection for ferruginous hawks when considered at broad spatial scales. However, it was beyond the scope of our study to predict long‐term, population‐level responses. We suggest rigorous monitoring of long‐term trends in occupancy, productivity, and distribution is warranted for populations of ferruginous hawk and golden eagle in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems exposed to increased energy development.

Current Applications for Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Pulmonary Disease.

Purpose of ReviewThe main goal of the article is to familiarize the reader with commonly and uncommonly used nuclear medicine procedures that can significantly contribute to improved patient care. The article presents examples of specific modality utilization in the chest including assessment of lung ventilation and perfusion, imaging options for broad range of infectious and inflammatory processes, and selected aspects of oncologic imaging. In addition, rapidly developing new techniques utilizing molecular imaging are discussed.Recent FindingsThe article describes nuclear medicine imaging modalities including gamma camera, SPECT, PET, and hybrid imaging (SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and PET/MR) in the context of established and emerging clinical applications. Areas of potential future development in nuclear medicine are discussed with emphasis on molecular imaging and implementation of new targeted tracers used in diagnostics and therapeutics (theranostics).SummaryNuclear medicine and molecular imaging provide many unique and novel options for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. This article reviews current applications for nuclear medicine and molecular imaging and selected future applications for radiopharmaceuticals and targeted molecular imaging techniques.

Building Telemedicine Capacity for Trainees During the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: a Case Study and Lessons Learned.

IntroductionHospital and ambulatory care systems are rapidly building their virtual care capacity in response to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The use of resident trainees in telemedicine is one area of potential development and expansion. To date, however, training opportunities in this field have been limited, and residents may not be adequately prepared to provide high-quality telemedicine care.AimThis study evaluates the impact of an adapted telemedicine Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) on telemedicine-specific training competencies of residents.SettingPrimary Care Internal Medicine residents at a large urban academic hospital.Program DescriptionIn March 2020, the New York University Grossman School of Medicine Primary Care program adapted its annual comprehensive OSCE to a telemedicine-based platform, to comply with distance learning and social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. A previously deployed in-person OSCE on the subject of a medical error was adapted to a telemedicine environment and deployed to 23 primary care residents. Both case-specific and core learning competencies were assessed, and additional observations were conducted on the impact of the telemedicine context on the encounter.Program EvaluationThree areas of telemedicine competency need were identified in the OSCE case: technical proficiency; virtual information gathering, including history, collateral information collection, and physical exam; and interpersonal communication skills, both verbal and nonverbal. Residents expressed enthusiasm for telemedicine training, but had concerns about their preparedness for telemedicine practice and the need for further competency and curricular development.DiscussionPrograms interested in building capacity among residents to perform telemedicine, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, can make significant impact in their trainees’ comfort and preparedness by addressing key issues in technical proficiency, history and exam skills, and communication. Further research and curricular development in digital professionalism and digital empathy for trainees may also be beneficial.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-05979-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Comprehensive decision-strategy space exploration for efficient territorial planning strategies

GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis is a well-known decision support tool that can be used in a wide variety of contexts. It is particularly useful for territorial planning in situations where several actors with different, and sometimes contradictory, point of views have to take a decision regarding land use development. While the impact of the weights used to represent the relative importance of criteria has been widely studied in the recent literature, the impact of the order weights used to combine the criteria have rarely been investigated. This paper presents a spatial sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of order weights determination in GIS-based Multi-Criteria Analysis by Ordered Weighted Averaging. We propose a methodology based on an efficient exploration of the decision-strategy space defined by the level of risk and trade-off in the decision process. We illustrate our approach with a land use planning process in the South of France. The objective is to find suitable areas for urban development while preserving green areas and their associated ecosystem services. The ecosystem service approach has indeed the potential to widen the scope of traditional landscape-ecological planning by including ecosystem-based benefits, including social and economic benefits, green infrastructures and biophysical parameters in urban and territorial planning. We show that in this particular case the decision-strategy space can be divided into four clusters. Each of them is associated with a map summarizing the average spatial suitability distribution used to identify potential areas for urban development. We also demonstrate the pertinence of a spatial variance within-cluster analysis to disentangle the relationship between risk and trade-off values. At the end, we perform a site suitability ranking analysis to assess the relationship between the four detected clusters.

Evidence for enhanced recovery in pancreatic cancer surgery.

Enhanced recovery is a multimodal and evidence-based perioperative approach with the aim to improve postoperative outcome. Following successful results in colorectal surgery, the implementation of enhanced recovery has spread to many surgical disciplines including pancreatic surgery. The aim of this study is to review current evidence on enhanced recovery focusing on pancreatic cancer surgery and to discuss potential areas of further development. In pancreatic cancer surgery, enhanced recovery is associated with better clinical outcome, especially reduced overall postoperative complications, and reduced length of stay without any increase in readmission rate. The occurrence of delayed gastric emptying, but not pancreatic fistula, seems to be reduced with enhanced recovery. The improved postoperative outcome correlates with net costs savings. The improvement of clinical outcome was mainly described for short-term complications. The extension to long-term outcome and survival benefits, as well as the impact on quality of life, remains to be determined.

Türkiye’deki Hayvancılık Alanının Mekansal Kalıplarını Coğrafi Varyanslarla Bağlama

The livestock sector is considered as an essential economic source in the economic policies of many developing countries in the world. The present research aims to analyse the spatial association and dependence of livestock in Turkey by using the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) technique. Livestock data of 966 cities from 2004 to 2017 have been used to detect spatial distribution, clusters and hotspot areas of cattle and small ruminants’ populations. It has been revealed that livestock production is strongly associated with the natural environmental characteristics of spatial units throughout the country. Spatial autocorrelation has shown the positive values for both cattle and small ruminants, but stronger for the latter. Besides, a change in the clusters of cattle populations has also been observed over the selected period. Apart from the natural environmental factors, several socio-economic issues like rural outmigration, government policies, industrial requirements and regional disparities have also been found responsible for the change in the spatial patterns of livestock. The research provides significant outcomes for better allocation of resources in priority areas to develop the livestock sector. Moreover, it also facilitates pointing out the potential areas of livestock development in the future.

Molecular Diagnostics and Detection of Oomycetes on Fiber Crops.

Fiber crops are an important group of economic plants. Traditionally cultivated for fiber, fiber crops have also become sources of other materials such as food, animal feed, cosmetics and medicine. Asia and America are the two main production areas of fiber crops in the world. However, oomycete diseases have become an important factor limiting their yield and quality, causing devastating consequences for the production of fiber crops in many regions. To effectively control oomycete pathogens and reduce their negative impacts on these crops, it is very important to have fast and accurate detection systems, especially in the early stages of infection. With the rapid development of molecular biology, the diagnosis of plant pathogens has progressed from relying on traditional morphological features to the increasing use of molecular methods. The objective of this paper was to review the current status of research on molecular diagnosis of oomycete pathogens on fiber crops. Our search of PubMed identified nearly 30 species or subspecies of oomycetes on fiber crops, among which the top three species were Phytophthora boehmeriae, Phytophthora nicotianae and Pythium ultimum. The gene regions that have been used for molecular identifications of these pathogens include the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster, and genes coding for translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II (Cox 1, Cox 2), etc. We summarize the molecular assays that have been used to identify these pathogens and discuss potential areas of future development for fast, specific, and accurate diagnosis of oomycetes on fiber crops.

First principle insights of NO2 detection via III-V nitride nanoribbons with armchair edges

The development of low-dimensional and robust nano-sensors is an area of potential research and development. In this direction, here, we investigated the sensing of NO2 gas molecules adsorbed on the edges of III-V nitride nanoribbons with armchair edges (AXNNR, X = B/Al/Ga). Five different adsorption sites are considered for the adsorption of NO2 molecules and the adsorption assisted modulation of electronic and transport properties has been observed for detection purpose. Interestingly, a semiconducting to metallic transition has been noticed in considered AXNNR due to NO2 interaction. The selectivity of NO2 with respect to N2 is found to be higher as compared to that of O2. Further, some of the selected structures exhibit an interesting negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomenon which suggest that NO2 adsorbed AXNNR could also be useful for designing of the fast switching devices and oscillators applications.

Prospective avenues for human population genomics and disease mapping in southern Africa.

Population substructure within human populations is globally evident and a well-known confounding factor in many genetic studies. In contrast, admixture mapping exploits population stratification to detect genotype–phenotype correlations in admixed populations. Southern Africa has untapped potential for disease mapping of ancestry-specific disease risk alleles due to the distinct genetic diversity in its populations compared to other populations worldwide. This diversity contributes to a number of phenotypes, including ancestry-specific disease risk and response to pathogens. Although the 1000 Genomes Project significantly improved our understanding of genetic variation globally, southern African populations are still severely underrepresented in biomedical and human genetic studies due to insufficient large-scale publicly available data. In addition to a lack of genetic data in public repositories, existing software, algorithms and resources used for imputation and phasing of genotypic data (amongst others) are largely ineffective for populations with a complex genetic architecture such as that seen in southern Africa. This review article, therefore, aims to summarise the current limitations of conducting genetic studies on populations with a complex genetic architecture to identify potential areas for further research and development.

Open-Source Software Application for Hydrogeological Delineation of Potential Groundwater Recharge Zones in the Singida Semi-Arid, Fractured Aquifer, Central Tanzania

This study attempted to delineate and map potential groundwater recharge zones of the Singida, semi-arid, fractured crystalline basement aquifer using open source remote sensing and GIS software. Various thematic maps such as lithology/hydrogeology, soil, land-cover/use, slope, lineament density, drainage density and rainfall distribution were integrated in QGIS software. Vector input layers were rasterized and resampled using QGIS wrap projection function to make sure that the grid cells are of the same size. Reclassification using SAGA and GRASS reclass algorithms in QGIS was carried out to realign the factor classes in a consistent scale, and reclassification to a scale of 1 to 5 was carried out to harmonize the results. The study identified a number of potential areas for groundwater recharge, groundwater exploration, groundwater development and potential areas for artificial groundwater recharge. Potential groundwater recharge zones for the Singida semi-arid fractured aquifer are restricted to areas with high lineament density, cultivated areas, grassland and flat to gentle slopes. The potential of groundwater recharge is also observed in areas with low drainage density. The delineated zones provide a good understanding of the potential recharge zones, which are a starting point for recharge zone protection. This blended approach can be utilized for carrying out suitability analysis using the weighted overlay analysis approach. Areas designated good and very good are recommended for artificial recharging structures as an alternative technique for enhancing groundwater recharge through rainwater harvesting. This will help to augment groundwater storage in this semi-arid environment.