Potassium Storage Research Articles

A Bandgap-Tuned Tetragonal Perovskite as Zero-Strain Anode for Potassium-Ion Batteries.

PIBs are emerging as a promising energy storage system due to high abundance of potassium resources and theoretical energy density, however, progress of PIBs is severely hindered by structural instability and poor cycling of anode material during continual insertion and extraction of larger-sized K+. Hence, developing anode material with structural stability and stable cycling remains a great challenge. Herein, bandgap-tuned Mo-doped and carbon-coated lead titanate (CMPTO) with zero-strain K+ storage is presented as ultra-stable PIBs anode. Mo doping introduces narrowed bandgap and optimized crystal lattice for enhanced intrinsic electron and ion transfer. Demonstrated by in situ XRD characterizations, the crystal structure stays stable with unchanged peak positions, fully revealing zero-strain characteristic of CMPTO anode during potassium storage for stable cyclic capability. Ultimately, CMPTO anode achieved ultra-stable cycling performance of 7000 cycles at 500 mA g-1 with high capacity retention of 90% and considerable specific capacity of 130.9 mAh g-1 after 600 cycles at 100 mA g-1; with relatively large density, CMPTO realized eminent volumetric capacity of 1111.09 mAh cm-3 and ultra-long cycling life of 10000 cycles at 7041 mA cm-3. This work introduces a promisingly new route into developing anode materials with ultra-stable performance for PIBs.

Heat-Resistant Carbon-Coated Potassium Magnesium Hexacyanoferrate Nanoplates for High-Performance Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Metal hexacyanoferrates (HCFs) are regarded as promising cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) on account of their low cost and high energy density. However, the difficult-to-remove [Fe(CN)6] vacancies and crystal water lead to structural instability and capacity deterioration as well as the stereotype of poor thermostability of conventional HCFs. Herein, we report (100) face-oriented potassium magnesium hexacyanoferrate (KMgHCF) nanoplates with low [Fe(CN)6] vacancies and high crystallinity, enabling thermostability up to 550 °C, high-temperature carbon coating and crystal water elimination. The as-obtained KMgHCF/C nanoplates exhibit superior potassium storage properties, including a large reversible capacity of 84.6 mAh g-1, a high voltage plateau of 3.87 V, excellent long-term cycling performance over 15000 cycles and high rate capability at 5 A g-1. The unprecedented cycling stability of KMgHCF/C is attributed to the synergistic effect of a highly reversible two-phase reaction, low [Fe(CN)6] vacancies and no crystal water, a specially exposed steady (100) surface, and a protective carbon coating. This work provides a new material selection and modification strategy for the practical application of HCFs in PIBs.

Self-hybridization structures of BiOBr0.5Cl0.5: An ultra-high capacity anode material for half/full potassium-ion batteries

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are gaining attention among emerging technologies for their cost-effectiveness and the abundance of resources they utilize. Within this context, bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) have emerged as exceptional candidates for anode materials in PIBs due to their unique structural and superior electrochemical properties. However, challenges such as structural instability and low electronic conductivity remain to be addressed. In this study, a flower-like BiOBr0.5Cl0.5/rGO composite anode material was synthesized, demonstrating outstanding K+ storage performance. The self-hybridized structure enhances ion adsorption and diffusion, which in turn improves charge and discharge efficiency as well as long-term stability. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests confirmed the gradual release and alloying potassium storage mechanism of Bi metal, which occurs through the intermediate KxBiOBr0.5Cl0.5 phase within the BiOBr0.5Cl0.5 anode. This composite exhibited a high specific capacity of 246.4 mAh/g at 50 A/g and maintained excellent capacity retention after 2400 cycles at 5 A/g. Additionally, in full battery tests, it showed good rate performance and long cycle life, maintaining a discharge specific capacity of 119.6 mAh/g at a high current density of 10 A/g. Comprehensive characterizations revealed insights into the structural, electrochemical, and kinetic properties, advancing high-performance PIBs.

Sulfur-doped pomegranate-like carbon microclusters designed via facile spray-drying process: A novel anode material for potassium-ion batteries

Recent research has demonstrated increasing inclination toward employing hollow carbons featuring nanoscale amorphous structures as anodes in potassium-ion batteries. However, these amorphous structures detrimentally impact the electrode’s electron and ion conductivities, leading to subpar rate performance. Additionally, integrating nanoparticles into electrodes typically yields an uneven distribution, owing to the propensity of nanomaterials to readily aggregate. To address these challenges, S-doped pomegranate-like carbon microclusters (S-PCMs) comprising S-doped primary hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) were synthesized via spray drying. The effects of self-assembly and S doping on the morphological structure and potassium storage performance of the HCS materials were systematically investigated through comprehensive analyses. PCMs mitigated volume expansion and imparted high conductivity and charge/discharge rates owing to short potassium-ion diffusion distances, while the self-assembled nanospheres improved slurry flow properties. Additionally, sulfur doping increased the pore size, interlayer spacing, and number of defect sites in the carbon lattice, improving electron mobility. The resulting S-PCMs exhibited exceptional potassium storage properties, particularly cycling performance (224 mA h g−1 at the 1000th cycle). Furthermore, various electrochemical tests attributed S-PCM’s enhanced potassium storage performance to the numerous active sites and increased resistance to charge transfer, improving the potassium diffusion coefficient.

Surface-Dominated Potassium Storage Enabled by Single-Atomic Sulfur for High-Performance K-Ion Battery Anodes

Due to the large size and heavy mass of the K-ion, the pursuit of reliable anodes with outstanding comprehensive performance for K-ion batteries (KIBs) remains a formidable challenge. Typically, high-capacity potassium storage will lead to the electrodes’ serious volumetric expansion and elevated instability. Herein, it is identified that a single-atomic sulfur composite can act as a high-performance KIB anode with an excellent combination of capacity, cyclability, and rate. A high content (∼32 wt%) single-atomic sulfur can be covalently bonded into the carbon lattice of multi-shelled hollow nanospheres via a simple low-temperature pyrolyzation of the selected precursor. The superb redox reactivity of the single-atomic sulfur together with the porous architectures for the resultant S/C composite can not only enable a fast surface-dominated potassium storage but also ensure its structural resilience, thereby achieving high specific capacity together with outstanding rate and impressive cyclability. This study envisions new perspectives on designing high-performance sulfur-based electrodes.

KxFeO2 As Electrode Material for K-Ion Batteries

To meet future energy demands, developing beyond-lithium energy storage technologies have become a major part of global research activities. Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) represent a promising technology thanks to their chemical and economic advantages1–3. The majority of the work on layered transition oxide was done on the KxMnO2 family4,5 due to their safety and price advantage.Interestingly, KFeO2 structure is not a layered structure as for LiFeO2 or NaFeO2; this structure is defined as FeO4 tetrahedral linked by their corners. In electrochemistry, a reversible capacity of 60 mAh/g (for 0.3K+) was delivers6.In our presentation, we will detail the electrochemical behaviour of KFeO2 and discuss the structure/properties relationship of this family of materials, showing the interest in the exploration of such a system. Xu, Y. et al. 2023 roadmap for potassium-ion batteries. J. Phys. Energy 5, 021502 (2023).Tian, Y. et al. Promises and Challenges of Next-Generation “Beyond Li-ion” Batteries for Electric Vehicles and Grid Decarbonization. Chem. Rev. 121, 1623–1669 (2021).Zhang, W., Liu, Y. & Guo, Z. Approaching high-performance potassium-ion batteries via advanced design strategies and engineering. Sci. Adv. 5, eaav7412 (2019).Kim, H. et al. Investigation of Potassium Storage in Layered P3-Type K0.5MnO2 Cathode. Adv. Mater. 29, 1702480 (2017).Liu, C., Luo, S., Huang, H., Zhai, Y. & Wang, Z. Layered potassium-deficient P2- and P3-type cathode materials KxMnO2 for K-ion batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 356, 53–59 (2019).Han, S. C., Park, W. B., Sohn, K.-S. & Pyo, M. KFeO2 with corner-shared FeO4 frameworks as a new type of cathode material in potassium-ion batteries. J. Solid State Electrochem. 23, 3135–3143 (2019).

Antimony nanoparticles encapsulated in interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres for high performances PIBs

Antimony (Sb) has attracted significant attention as an anode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and suitable working voltage. However, the severe volume variations of Sb during potassiation/depotassiation process lead to sluggish kinetics and poor cyclic stability for PIBs. In this study, Sb nanoparticles are confined within interconnected N-doped carbon nanospheres (Sb@NC) through an effective carbothermal reduction process. The potassium storage performances and mechanism are elucidated through electrochemical tests combined with ex-XRD analysis. When used as an anode for PIBs, the optimized Sb@NC-2 anode exhibits excellent cycle stability of 463.0 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 over 100 cycles and superior rate capability of 113.4 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 2 A g−1. Besides, a full cell comprising an Sb@NC-2 anode and a PTCDA cathode is also tested to validate the practical feasibility of the anode. Furthermore, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that N-doped carbon can enhance the adsorption of K+ and improve the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. Therefore, the unique yolk-shell structure in this study effectively restricts volume expansion and aggregation of Sb particles while facilitating rapid electron/ion transfer. These findings provide a potential alternative anode material for advanced PIBs.

Self-Propagating Fabrication of a 3D Graphite@rGO Film Anode for High-performance Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Graphite, with abundant resources and low cost, is regarded as a promising anode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). However, because of the large size of potassium ions, the intercalation/deintercalation of potassium between the interlayers of graphite results in its huge volume expansion, leading to poor cycling stability and rate performance. Herein, a self-propagating reduction strategy is adopted to fabricate a flexible, self-supporting 3D porous graphite@reduced graphene oxide (3D-G@rGO) composite film for PIBs. The 3D porous network can not only effectively mitigate the volume expansion in graphite but also provide numerous active sites for potassium storage as well as allow for electrolyte penetration and rapid ion migration. Therefore, compared to the pristine graphite anode, the flexible 3D-G@rGO film electrode exhibits greatly improved K-storage performance with a reversible capacity of 452.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and a capacity retention rate of 80.4% after 100 cycles. It also presents excellent rate capability with a high specific capacity of 139.1 and 94.2 mAh g-1 maintained at 2 and 5 C, respectively. The proposed self-propagating reduction strategy to construct a three-dimensional self-supporting structure is a viable route to improve the structural stability and potassium storage performance of graphite anodes.

Potassium Metal Underpotential Deposition in Crystalline Carbon of Potassium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractCarbon materials, owing to their low cost, high conductivity, and good thermal and chemical stability, have been deemed as a promising anode candidate for potassium‐ion batteries. However, anomalous low‐voltage discharge situations in crystalline carbon materials imply uncertainty in the potassium storage mechanism. Herein, an overlooked scenario, i.e., potassium metal underpotential deposition (PMUPD), is disclosed in crystalline carbon materials for the first time. The study unveils the induction of interlayer pores on desolvation and PMUPD by insights from thermodynamics, kinetics, and experimental analyses. By manipulating the cutoff voltage to utilize partial PMUPD, a novel synergistic mechanism of co‐intercalation and PMUPD is revealed. A remarkable initial coulombic efficiency of 92% and a 65% capacity retention at 30C (80 mAh g−1) are realized in crystalline carbon anode. This work provides a new insight into the potassium storage mechanism of carbon anode and contributes to further research and application of the UPD behavior in other alkaline metal ion batteries.

Analogous Chelation to Boost Utilization of Sb in Sb Nanoparticles and N-doped Carbon Composites for Enhancing Potassium Storage.

Antimony (Sb) is an attractive anode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), but it suffers from aggregation during the charging-discharging process, thus causing embedded active sites and collapsed structure. The analogous chelation refers to the reaction in which the central nanoparticle is linked to the matrix through multiple coordination bonds to form a stable composite. This strategy can inhibit aggregation and maintain the nanosized structure of Sb, thus activating the utilization of Sb active sites and structural stability. Given the special position of nitrogen (N) in the periodic table of elements and the strong bond energy of Sb-N, the N element can serve as an intermediate to connect Sb nanoparticles and an intrinsic N-doped carbon network via strong Sb-N-C/Sb-N═C covalent bonds using analogous chelation. Herein, a hybrid material of Sb@CTF-NC is fabricated via analogous chelation. The Sb atoms exposed on the surface of Sb nanoparticles are used to chelate with the N-doped carbon for high-performance PIBs. The mechanism underwent ex situ characterizations. The calculation of density functional theory reveals that the increase of adsorption energy and reduction of the K+ diffusion barrier accelerate the electrochemical reaction kinetics.

Ultrahigh Potassium Storage Capacity of Ca2Si Monolayer with Orderly Multilayered Growth Mechanism.

As the rising renewable energy demands and lithium scarcity, developing high-capacity anode materials to improve the energy density of potassium-based batteries (PBBs) is increasingly crucial. In this work, a unique orderly multilayered growth (OMLG) mechanism on a 2D-Ca2Si monolayer is theoretically demonstrated for potassium storage by first-principles calculations. The global-energy-minimum Ca2Si monolayer is a semiconductor with isotropic mechanical properties and remarkable electrochemical properties, such as a low potassium ion migration energy barrier of 0.07eV and a low open circuit voltage ranging from 0.224 to 0.003V. Most notably, 2D-Ca2Si demonstrates an ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity of 5459mAhg-1 and a total specific capacity of 610mAhg-1, reaching up to 89% of the capacity of a potassium metal anode. Remarkably, the OMLG mechanism facilitates stable, dendrite-free deposition of hcp-K metal layers on the 2D-Ca2Si surface, where the ultrahigh and gradually converging lattice match as the layers increase is the key to achieving theoretically near-infinite growth. The study theoretically demonstrates the Ca2Si monolayer a highly promising anode material, and offers a novel potassium storage strategy for designing 2D anode materials with high specific capacity, rapid potassium-ion migration, and good safety.

Measurement of potassium in rats using an In vivo neutron activation analysis system

Abnormal levels of potassium are linked to several health conditions, including high blood pressure, cardiac dysfunction, kidney damage, and osteoporosis. Given the limited availability of in vivo measurement techniques, there is a need for novel methods to measure potassium to enhance the diagnosis and management of potassium metabolism related diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of compact neutron generator based in vivo measurement system for quantification of potassium using rat carcasses. A cohort of thirty-nine rats (n = 20 males and 19 females, average weight 255 ± 15 and 163 ± 7 g) were sacrificed, and their carcasses were placed in polyethylene bottles. The rats were then positioned and irradiated in a carefully designed irradiation cave built alongside the neutron generator with an optimized thermal neutron flux and radiation dose ratio. The irradiation time was 10 min, followed by a 5-min decay and 2-h measurement using a high efficiency high purity germanium detector(HPGe). ResultsThe average potassium concentration in male and female rats was found to be comparable (male 2874 ± 161 and female 2866 ± 144 μg/g). A marginally positive correlation between potassium concentration and weight was found in female rats only (male(20) = 0.07, P = 0.76 and female r(19) = 0.34, P = 0.15). We assessed the influence of manganese toxicity on potassium levels and observed no significant impact. These results were consistent with our previous study in mice. ConclusionThis study suggests that in vivo neutron activation analysis could serve as a promising method to quantify potassium and to investigate the storage and metabolism of potassium in human and in animals.

Anchoring Multi‐Coordinated Bismuth Metal Atom Sites on Honeycomb‐Like Carbon Rods Achieving Advanced Potassium Storage

AbstractCarbonaceous materials are recognized for their high conductivity and adaptable structures, making them potential candidates for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Yet, their application has been restricted due to challenges like limited potassium storage and slow kinetics. Addressing these issues, this study presents a novel method by anchoring nitrogen‐oxygen‐coordinated bismuth metal atom sites onto honeycomb‐like carbon rods, termed Bi‐N4‐O2@HCR. This aims to enhance PIB performance by exploiting carbonaceous materials' strengths and mitigating their limitations. Through comprehensive experiments and theoretical simulations, it is found that Bi‐N4‐O2 sites enrich potassium storage and facilitate potassium ion migration, thus improving transport efficiency and reaction kinetics. The resulting anode showcased rapid and durable potassium storage, with a remarkable capacity of 190.7 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1 and maintaining 192.2 mAh g−1 over 4200 cycles at 5 A g−1, outperforming many existing carbon anodes. Additionally, in full cell tests, it exhibited excellent rate performance and ultra‐long cycle life, sustaining up to 8000 cycles with a stable capacity of 88.9 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. This research underscores the significance of incorporating unique metal sites on carbon substrates to advance battery technology.

Fast and robust potassium storage enabled by controllable hierarchical CoTe2/MoS2@C nanorods with semi-coherent heterogeneous interfaces

Constructing heterostructures in a controllable manner stands as a pivotal strategy for enhancing the potassium-ion storage capabilities of transition metal tellurides. However, the challenge lies in achieving a favorable morphology while simultaneously regulating the heterogeneous interface. This study employs a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method to grow few-layer MoS2 nanosheets on CoTe2 nanorods, thereby fabricating a controllable hierarchical structure with a dense three-dimensional (3D) network of MoS2 nanosheets and abundant semi-coherent heterojunction interfaces with CoTe2. The CoTe2/MoS2 heterostructure exhibits abundant semi-coherent interfaces, at which a built-in electric field is formed that facilitates the migration of electrons and ions. A hierarchical structure of CoTe2/MoS2@C was further formed by carbon coating, that applies a dual constraint on CoTe2 to effectively alleviate its volume expansion during charge and discharge processes. Employed as the anode of potassium-ion batteries, the hierarchical structure of CoTe2/MoS2@C demonstrates a significant improvement in high-rate capacity, achieving a high specific capacity of 144.0 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1. The material also enables excellent long-term cycling stability with a capacity decay of only 0.016 % per cycle up to 1800 cycles at 1.0 A g−1.

Construction of Bi/Bi2O3 particles embedded in carbon sheets for boosting the storage capacity of potassium-ion batteries

Bismuth-based materials have attracted interest in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). However, the large volume expansion prevents further use of bismuth-based materials for potassium storage. This work employs a two-step synthesis method to innovatively synthesize of Bi/Bi2O3 nanoparticles assembled on N-doped porous carbon sheets (Bi/Bi2O3@CN). The layered structures with uniformly shaped and N-doped porous carbon skeleton buffer the expansion of Bi and the Bi/Bi2O3 particles increase the capacity of potassium storage. In brief, the Bi/Bi2O3@CN served as anode in half-cell of PIBs have a good rate capacity of more than 234.7 mAh/g at 20 A/g. The specific capacity retention was 73 % compared with 322.16 mAh/g at 1 A/g, demonstrating good holding capacity for diverse current densities. The cycle also displays 163 mAh/g after 1500 cycles at 2 A/g in the KPF6 metal salt solution, showing its potential as one of the anode materials in PIBs.

Recent Advances on Pristine MOF‐Based Electrodes for PIBs: Characteristics, Potassium Storage Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies

Recent Advances on Pristine MOF‐Based Electrodes for PIBs: Characteristics, Potassium Storage Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies

Amorphous and crystalline Sb2S3 nanoparticles embedded in N/S co-doped carbon as anodes for potassium-ion batteries

Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) has emerged as a promising anode candidate for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) owing to its low cost and high theoretical specific capacity. However, its large volume expansion upon K+ storage and sluggish kinetics result in poor cycling performance and rate capability. To address these challenges, rational structural design is highly desirable. Herein, we report the synthesis of amorphous and crystalline Sb2S3 nanoparticles embedded in N/S co-doped carbon composites (a-Sb2S3@NSC and c-Sb2S3@NSC) via a facile organic coating combined with subsequent carbonization and sulfidation processes. When used as a PIBs anode material, a-Sb2S3@NSC exhibits a high discharge specific capacity of 415.6 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 200 mA g−1 and a stable rate capability (224.8 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1), which remarkably outperforms that of the c-Sb2S3@NSC with inferior specific capacity (311.5 mAh g−1) and poor rate capability (67.7 mAh g−1). The amorphous structure of Sb2S3 nanoparticles in a-Sb2S3@NSC provides abundant defects and structural disorder, which reduces the entropy energy and activation barrier associated with K+ incorporation, effectively facilitating the transport and storage of K+. Moreover, the synergistic interactions between amorphous Sb2S3 nanoparticles and N/S co-doped carbon can effectively improve the electron/ion reaction kinetics and buffer volume variations, thus leading to superior potassium storage performances.

A N–CoSe/CoSe2–C@Cu hierarchical architecture as a current collector-integrated anode for potassium-ion batteries

The highly reversible insertion/extraction of large-radius K+ into electrode materials remains a tough goal, especially for conversion-type materials. Herein, we design a current collector-integrated electrode (N–CoSe/CoSe2–C@Cu) as an advanced anode for potassium-ion battery (PIBs). The conductive CoSe/CoSe2 heterojunction with rich Se vacancy defects, conductive sp2 N-doped carbon layer, and the elastic copper foil matrix can greatly accelerate the electron transfer and enhance the structural stability. Consequently, the well-designed N–CoSe/CoSe2–C@Cu current collector-integrated electrode displays enhanced potassium storage performance with regard to a high capacity (325.1 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1 after 200 cycles), an exceptional rate capability (223.5 mAh·g−1 at 2000 mA·g−1), and an extraordinary long-term cycle stability (a capacity fading of only 0.019% per cycle over 1200 cycles at 2000 mA·g−1). Impressively, ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations prove that the elastic structure of copper foil is merged into the cleverly designed N–CoSe/CoSe2–C@Cu heterostructure, which buffers the deformation of structure and volume and greatly promotes the cycle life during the potassium/depotassium process.Graphical abstract

Unveiling the bifunctional roles of Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in construction of Nb2CTx@MoSe2 heterojunction for fast potassium storage

Exploring robust electrode materials which could permit fast and reversible insertion/extraction of large K+ is a crucial challenge for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Smart interfacial design could facilitate electron/ion transport as well as assure the integrity of electrode. Herein, Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was found to play bifunctional roles in construction of Nb2CTx@MoSe2 heterostructure. Firstly, functionalization of CTAB on the surface of Nb2CTx could influence the subsequent growth of MoSe2 by electrostatic effect, stereochemical effect and the synergetic Lewis acid-base interaction, leading to the formation of Nb2CTx@MoSe2 with tiled heterostructure. Secondly, the interlayer spacing of Nb2CTx was expanded from 0.77 to 1.21 nm owing to the pillar effect of CTAB. As excepted, the capacity retention was 80 % from 100 mA g−1 (406 mA h g−1) to 1000 mA g−1 concerning rate capability and the specific capacity maintained at 240 mA h g−1 (at 2000 mA g−1) over 300 cycles. The calculated DK values from Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) measurement of the titled C-T-Nb2CTx@MoSe2@C electrode is two orders of magnitude larger than the traditional T-Nb2CTx@MoSe2@C electrode, further confirming intimate interface between MoSe2 and Nb2CTx could provide convenient potassium-ion transport channels and fast diffusion kinetics. Finally, ex-situ characterizations at different charging and discharging voltage stages, including ex-situ XRD/Raman/HRTEM/XPS have been carried out to reveal the potassium storage mechanism. This work provides a facile strategy for the regulation of interface engineering by the assist of CTAB which could extend to other MXenes-TMDs (Transition metal dichalcogenides) hybrid electrodes.

Homogeneous Adsorption of Multiple Potassiation Products of Red Phosphorus Anode toward Stable Potassium Storage.

Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) are a viable alternative to lithium-ion batteries for energy storage. Red phosphorus (RP) has attracted a great deal of interest as an anode for PIBs owing to its cheapness, ideal electrode potential, and high theoretical specific capacity. However, the direct preparation of phosphorus-carbon composites usually results in exposure of the RP to the exterior of the carbon layer, which can lead to the deactivation of the active material and the production of "dead phosphorus". Here, the advantage of the π-π bond conjugated structure and high catalytic activity of metal phthalocyanine (MPc) is used to prepare MPc@RP/C composites as a highly stable anode for PIBs. It is shown that the introduction of MPc greatly improves the uneven distribution of the carbon layer on RP, and thus improves the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of PIBs (the ICE of FePc@RP/C is 75.5% relative to 62.9% of RP/C). The addition of MPc promotes the growth of solid electrolyte interphase with high mechanical strength, improving the cycle stability of PIBs (the discharge-specific capacity of FePc@RP/C is 411.9 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.05 A g-1). Besides, density functional theory theoretical calculations show that MPc exhibits homogeneous adsorption energies for multiple potassiation products, thereby improving the electrochemical reactivity of RP. The use of organic molecules with high electrocatalytic activity provides a universal approach for designing superior high-capacity, large-volume expansion anodes for PIBs.