Post-test Control Group Design Research Articles

EFEKTIVITAS TEHNIK ROUND ROBIN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KECAKAPAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM MENULIS PREFERENCE

Critical thinking skills are part of the 21st century skills that must be mastered by students. Whether writing skill is the main competency that should be mastered in learning English. One of the reasons for the lack of development of students' critical thinking skills in writing preference sentences is that their low enthusiasm for learning is caused by learning activities that are not give any other variation. This study aims to obtain findings related to the application of learning activities with the round robin technique, such as the increase in students' critical thinking skills in their writing preferences, by applying and observing how much effectiveness this type of learning has. This research is classified as quantitative research with the type of quasi-experimental research that conducts experiments through a pretest and posttest control group design with samples used by students of classes VII G and VII I at SMPN 21 Semarang. The research subjects were obtained using a random sampling technique, which was determined based on random choices. Essay tests are used as a tool to test critical thinking skills with preferred research material. The research results obtained based on the results of the significance test obtained an N-Gain percentage of 57.35%. This result is include to the quite effective category. In accordance with this results, it can be concluded that the use of round-robin type can improve critical thinking skills in writing preferences by class VII students of SMPN 21 Semarang effectively.

The Effect of Adding Propolis to Formula Milk on The Streptococcus Sobrinus Inhibition Zone (In Vitro)

Background: Caries is one of the dental and oral health problems that are often suffered by children. One of the main causes is the habit of children consuming formula milk as it contains sucrose. Streptococcus sobrinus is an oral pathogenic bacteria that has a role in the initial process of dental caries. One of the natural ingredients that function as anti-caries is propolis. Objective: Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of adding propolis to formula milk on the inhibition zone of Streptococcus sobrinus bacteria. Methods: This type of research is a Laboratory Experiment with a Post-Test control Group Design. It consists of 4 groups, namely the formula milk group without propolis as a negative control, the formula milk treatment group with propolis concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% carried out with 7 replications of each group. The sample is a pure isolate of Streptococcus sobrinus bacteria. Results: The results showed the average inhibition zone was the formula milk group without propolis was 0.00±0.00 mm, the formula milk group with propolis concentration of 5% was 12.87±1.18 mm, the formula milk group with propolis concentration of 10% was 16.65±1.51 mm, and the formula milk group with propolis concentration of 20% was 24.87±0.39 mm. Conclusion: It means the addition of propolis to formula milk has been proven to be effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sobrinus bacteria.

The Effect of Non-pharmacological Therapy with Soy Milk on the Reduction of Primary Dysmenorrhea Pain in Adolescent Girls

Dysmenorrhea is a detrimental condition for many women, significantly impacting the health-related quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as warm compress, balanced nutrition, and adequate rest, play a crucial role as strategies. Particularly, the consumption of high-calcium foods, such as soy, is recognized as an effective solution. This research adopts a Quasi-Experimental design with a Pretest Posttest approach and Control Group Design, involving 10 female students in each group. Statistical analysis employs Paired Sample T-Test and Independent T-test. The research findings reveal a p-value of 0.000, rejecting the null hypothesis (H0), indicating a significant difference in the reduction of dysmenorrhea pain scale after the administration of soy milk and health education intervention (HEI) in adolescent girls at MA Walisongo, North Lampung. The discussion emphasizes the role of calcium in alleviating muscle tension, including the uterine muscles, and the presence of isoflavones in soy that can reduce dysmenorrhea. In conclusion, soy milk has a positive influence on reducing primary dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls at MA Walisongo, North Lampung.

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ON THE ABILITIES OF WRITING ARGUMENTATION COMMUNICATIONS OF MALAY-INDONESIA DEPARTEMENT STUDENTS HANKUK UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES SOUTH KOREA

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on the ability to write argumentative essays of Malay-Indonesian study program students in the 4th semester audio visual course. In this research, this research used a quasi-experimental method by conducting a pre-test and post-test in two groups. This type of experimental research method uses a nonequivalent control group design, where the experimental class is treated and the control class is not treated. This nonequivalent control group design is almost the same as the pretest and posttest control group design, only in this design the experimental and control groups are not chosen randomly. Data collection techniques use tests. Data analysis techniques start from the normality test, homogeneity test, and continue with hypothesis testing.research data,So that post-test or final test data was obtained which was then analyzed using a two-sided T test, giving results that students who were given problem-based learning model learning treatment experienced more improvement compared to students who were not given problem-based learning strategies. This means that it is in accordance with the proposed hypothesis and it can be concluded that there is a difference in the ability to write argumentative essays between students who are given a problem-based learning model and students who are not given a problem-based learning model.

The Effectiveness of Virtual Tour Museums on Student Engagement in Social Studies Learning in Elementary Schools

During the era of digital transformation, the integration of technology into the field of education through teaching methods has become a necessity. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of museum virtual tour media on increasing student involvement in social studies learning in elementary schools. Research design uses quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test control-group design. The research sample consisted of 64 students in the fifth grade. The dimensions and indicators used in the questionnaire are sourced from The Student Engagement in School Questionnaire (SESQ). The data used in this research comes from questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The N-gain Score test was chosen to analyse the data, comparing the average scores between the experimental and control groups. The findings show that there is a disparity in the average engagement results between students who use virtual museum tour media and students who use traditional textbooks. The experimental class obtained an n-gain score of 0.683 which indicated an increase in student involvement in the high category, while the control class obtained an n-gain score of 0.193 which indicated an increase in student involvement in the low category. Thus, the use of virtual museum tour media is proven to be able to make a significant contribution in increasing student involvement, encouraging cultural appreciation, and strengthening students' sense of nationalism in elementary schools.

Smartphone Application for Self-Care in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Contextual Learning Model

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an emergency problem that can cause death and disability worldwide. By using contextual learning models, smartphone applications can be an innovative solution for improving self-care and health condition management. This research aims to know the effectiveness of smartphone applications for self-care in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with contextual learning models. Pre-test and post-test control group design was used by researchers. The study was conducted in the period October 2nd, 2023 - January 2nd, 2024. The number of samples collected using the G Power formula was 110 intervention groups and 110 control groups. To select samples, researchers used a purposive sampling method. This research involved T2DM patients treated at nine Health Centers in Kediri, Indonesia. In the smartphone application educational intervention group with the contextual learning model, there was an increase in self-care from a mean of 43,03 to 81,53, and a p-value result of 0,008 was obtained. In the control group using the booklet, there was an increase in self-care from a mean of 37,19 to 52,62, and a p-value result of 0,000 was obtained. Smartphone applications with contextual learning models are more effective in improving self-care than education using booklets; however, both types of education can improve self-care in T2DM.

The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Exercises and Neuromuscular Taping (NMT) on Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) in Type 2 Dm Patients

Diabetes mellitus is caused by metabolic disorders characterized by increased blood glucose levels due to insulin secretion. Complications of peripheral arterial DM cause decreased blood flow to the lower extremities, marked by a decrease in ABI. Non-pharmacological therapy requires diabetes exercises and NMT to prevent injury to the feet due to changes in peripheral blood circulation. Objective: research to determine the effect of diabetic foot exercises and NMT on ABI in Type 2 DM patients. Method: Quantitative design, quasi-experimental method, pre-test post-test control group design, sampling technique using purposive sampling. Observations assessed the ABI score before the diabetes exercise intervention in intervention 1 and intervention 2 NMT, and group 3 control. Results: Data analysis using paired tests on ABI in 3 groups showed that in group I the foot exercise intervention resulted in p. 0.001 means there is a change in results before and after the intervention. Likewise, in group II of the NMT intervention, the result was p 0.001, there was a change in results before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Research proves that diabetes foot exercise and NMT interventions can improve ABI values in Type 2 DM patients.

The Effect of Family Education Program on Paternity Role and Children's Play Skills

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of fathers' participation in the Father Support Education Programme on their perception of their role as fathers and the development of play skills in their children. The study sample comprised 40 fathers whose children, aged 5 and 6, were enrolled in independent pre-schools located in the city centre of Bartın. The experimental design of pre-test and post-test control group was adopted to facilitate the study. All technical terms were defined when first used. The study comprised 20 fathers, who were divided into control and study groups. Fathers in the study group received the Father Support Education Program over a period of 10 weeks, while no education program was provided to the control group. Information was collected using the "Personal Information Form," "Father Role Perception Scale (FRPS)," and "Game Skills Assessment Scale (PSAS)." The research's quantitative data was analysed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programme for Windows 22.0. To compare continuous data between two independent groups, the t-test was employed. The analysis established that following the educational programme, fathers in the study group exhibited a significant difference between their pre-test and post-test mean scores for their roles in their children's play skills. It was found that the Father Support Education Programme had a positive impact on fathers' roles and the development of children's play skills.

Assessing the efficacy of locally constructed model kits in teaching and learning of writing and naming binary compounds

The study constructed Valency Arm and Y-shaped Model Kits using local materials from the school community, serving as interventions for Sekyere Central District junior high students in Ghana. Effectiveness was tested using a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design in teaching binary compounds writing and naming. We randomly selected four intact classes, two as the experimental group (n = 69) and the other two as the control group (n = 67). After constructing and using the model kits in the teaching and learning process of writing and naming binary compounds, it was found that the experimental group, who received instruction with the model kits, had better retention of the concepts and principles than the control group. These improved learning gains were evident in the three successive tests (Pillai's Trace = 0.440, F (2, 133) = 52.319, p = 0.000, partial eta squared = 0.440). Additionally, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 randomly selected respondents from the experimental group. This interview identified four critical features that the junior high school students perceived as benefits of using the model kits in teaching writing and naming binary compounds. These benefits were a better understanding of the principles, improved attitude towards writing and naming binary compounds, better retention of concepts, and active participation and interest in class lessons. The results imply that junior high school science teachers who want to promote effective teaching and learning of writing and naming binary compounds should consider using these model kits if the original models are unavailable.

The Effect of Role Playing Technique Group Guidance on Interpersonal Communication of Class XI Broadcast 2 Students of SMK N 1 Semarang

Communication plays an important role in the world of education, any information conveyed to students can be captured by students if the student is able to understand the information conveyed. This is what causes how important it is to learn to communicate, at school students learn to be able to communicate with others through many things such as discussions and role playing. Just like at school, students will communicate with other people every day. In this study, researchers used a quasi-experimental design quantitative research model. This study used a pre-test post-test control group design. Before being given treatment, students are first given a pre-test. The results of the pre-test between the control group and the experiment showed that there was a significant difference between the control group and the experiment. The average interpersonal communication of students in the control group was 105.3 for the experimental group of 105.6. The difference between the two groups is 0.3, it can be said that there is a significant difference. The results of the tests that have been carried out can be seen that the results of the significance of the hypothesis show 0.002<0.05. So the hypothesis reads that there is an influence of group guidance with role playing techniques on the communication of class XI BROADCAST 2 SMK N 1 Semarang students.Key Words: Group conseling, Interpersonal comunication, Role playing

The Effect of the Think, Talk, Write Type Cooperative Learning Model towards Skill of Writing Biographical Text for High School Students

This study aims to determine the effect of the think, talk, write (TTW) learning model on the writing skills of the tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Simpang Mamplam. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of research Quasi Experimental Design using a pretest post-test control group design control design. The population in this study were all students of class X SMA Negeri 1 The population in this study were all students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Simpang Mamplam totaling 91 students. The sample in this study was obtained using the purposive sampling technique, while the sample in this study amounted to 43 students consisting of class X IPA 2 students who were given learning using the conventional model and class X IPS using the TTW learning model. The results of the analysis with the t-test pre-test and post-test experimental class showed a t-value of -16.554 and sig. 0.000. The value of sig states < 0.05 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference from writing a biography of the experimental class using the TTW learning model. Then the results of the calculation of the t-test pre-test and post-test of the control class showed that t was -8.062 and sig. 0.000 and sig states <0.05 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference from writing from a control class on biographical text and TTW learning model has an effect on the ability to write biographies of students at SMA Negeri 1 Simpang Mamplam.

Extremity Joint Range of Motion Exercise on Intradialytic Blood Pressure Control in Hemodialysis Patients

Changes in blood pressure during hemodialysis is an important point that must be a concern. The occurrence of hypotension and intradialytic hypertension can have an impact on reducing the adequacy of dialysis, decreasing kidney function, and can even affect the patient's quality of life. Among the non-pharmacological interventions that are considered safe and effective in the management of intradialytic blood pressure control are intradialytic exercises, one of which is range of motion exercises for the extremities. To determine the effect of extremity joint range of motion exercises on intradialytic blood pressure control in hemodialysis patients. This research used a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design using cluster sampling with a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 46 respondents (23 intervention and 23 control group respondents) with Wilcoxon test data analysis. in the intervention group the average systolic blood pressure before and after intradialytic exercise was -6.42mmHg, the diastolic blood pressure difference was -2.38mmHg with p value of systolic and diastolic blood pressure p=<0.05, In the control group systolic blood pressure p= 0.024 with a difference of 2.4, independent t test results mean systolic blood pressure 2.88mmHg and diastolic blood pressure mean 1.12mmHg with p value both P>0.05. Extremity joint range of motion exercises can affect blood pressure in the intervention group.

Antibacterial activity of vaname shrimp chitosan gel against Phorphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in mothers with periodontal disease

Background: Dental plaque is a breeding ground for Phorphyromonas gingivalis bacteria which causes periodontal disease. Chitosan is a compound derived from the deacetylation of chitin in marine animals such as shrimp which has been proven to be antibacterial, non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable. During pregnancy there is an increase in acid levels in the oral cavity, as well as exposure to stomach acid on the teeth and gingiva which results in inflammation of the gingiva and periodontal tissue. This study aims to determine the activity of chitosan in inhibiting the growth of Phorphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in postnatal mothers with periodontal disease. Method: True experimental randomized pre-test and post-test control group design, with topical administration of 2% chitosan gel to mothers with gingivitis in Badung Regency, Bali. The sample was 14 postpartum mothers, divided into control groups (given base gel) and treatment (2% chitosan gel). The degree of gingivitis is measured using Modified Gingival Indexes (MGI), for antibacterial by calculating the number of Phorphyromonas gingivalis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copies using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Descriptively, there was a difference in the decrease in the average MGI index in the control and treatment groups on the 7th and 21st days, as well as in the average number of bacteria. The Wilcoxon test showed p<0.05, in the control and treatment groups, meaning there was a significant decrease in the MGI index on the 7th and 21st days. Calculation of the number of Phorphyromonas gingivalis bacteria showed p<0.05, meaning there was a decrease in the number in the control and treatment groups. However, the Mann Whitney test results showed p>0.05, meaning there was no significant relationship between the control and treatment groups, either on the MGI index or the number of Phorphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. Conclusion: Vaname 2% shrimp chitosan gel has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

Dampak Penggunaan Teh Daun Kelor terhadap Pengendalian Tekanan Darah pada Individu yang Mengalami Hipertensi pada Tahun 2023

This study aims to evaluate the effect of consuming Moringa leaf tea on reducing blood pressure in hypertension sufferers in Kukusan Beji, Depok, in 2023. The research method used was experimental with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The research sample consisted of 50 hypertension sufferers who were divided randomly into two groups, namely the intervention group who were given Moringa leaf tea and the control group who did not receive the intervention. Blood pressure measurements were taken before and after the intervention over a certain period of time. The results showed a significant reduction in blood pressure in the group consuming Moringa leaf tea compared to the control group. These findings indicate that Moringa leaf tea could be a potential choice as a natural supplement for controlling blood pressure in hypertension sufferers.

Comparison of the Effectiveness Between Kuresif Audiovisual Media with Flipchart Media on Increasing Knowledge and Attitudes of 0-24 Month Invant Underweight’s Mother about Complementary Feeding

Aims: This research aims to compare the effectiveness between Kuresif audiovisual media and Flip Sheet Media in improving mothers' knowledge and attitudes. Methods: This type of research is a quasi-experiment with a pretest posttest control group design based on the total sampling technique. The research was conducted during August-September 2021. The sample consisted of 102 control groups and 102 intervention groups. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test with questionaire. which aims to determine the effect of applying flip-sheet media and Kuresif audiovisual media on mothers' knowledge and attitudes in providing appropriate complementary feeding. Results: The results showed that in the flipchart media group there was an average increase in knowledge of 4,3% from 11,8% to 16,1%. Mothers' attitudes experienced an average increase of 20,9% from 56,8% to 77,7%. Meanwhile, in the kuresif audiovisual media group the average increase in knowledge was 6,9% from 12,4% to 19,3% and attitudes experienced an average increase of 33,4% from 59,1% to 94,5% with p=0,00. Conclusions: Kuresif audiovisual media is the most effective in increasing mothers' knowledge and attitudes compared with flipchart media. Indonesia is still facing nutritional problems that have a serious impact on the quality of human resources. Mother's lack of knowledge is one of the causes of improper nutritional intake. One way to accelerate efforts to break the cycle of nutritional problems is to increase mother's knowledge through counseling using flipchart media. Based on the evaluation carried out, the flipchart media has not shown an increase in the knowledge and attitudes of mothers regarding complementary feeding. Innovation is needed from counseling media in order to increase mother's knowledge and attitudes.

AWARENESS AMONG MOTHERS REGARDING CARE OF CHILD DURING PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION - AN INTERVENTIONAL STUDYIN SELECTED HEALTH FACILITY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

Background: Immunization is an important event in a childs life. Awareness of mothers regarding immunization is an important factor affecting adherence to immunization. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Zonal hospital, Solan (HP) to determine effectiveness of an interventional package in terms of awareness of mothers regarding care of children during primary immunizations. Apre-test post-test control group design was used to achieve the objective. Seventy five mothers were enrolled in interventional and control group using systematic random sampling and followed on every immunization event until nine months. Awareness among mothers was assessed at immunization events namely birth, six weeks and nine months using a self-structured tool to assess vaccine related problems among children. Results: Significant increase in the awareness level was seen among mothers in the interventional group and was found associated with their number of children. Conclusion: The interventional package significantly increased awareness among mothers in the intervention group in the initial weeks.

Examining Brain Based Learning Models Assisted Open-Ended Approach To Mathematics Understanding Concept

The implementation of this research is due to indications of learning problems related to students' difficulties in understanding mathematics in division material in third grade elementary school which results in students being weak in understanding mathematical concepts. This needs to be improved through the implementation of a brain-based learning model with an open-ended approach so that it affects students' understanding of mathematical concepts. Quasi-experiment with pretest posttest control group design was used as the basis for this research method. The study population consisted of 96 grade 3 students from 5 schools in cluster 5, Klaten. Simple randomization was used as a sampling technique with a sample of 48 students. The research instrument used was a test of 10 questions with essay type. Based on the results of the hypothesis test obtained at 0.018, the brain-based learning model assisted by an open-ended approach has an effect on students' understanding of mathematical concepts with an average increase of 34.96 seen from the pretest and posttest. This research contributes to influencing students' mathematical concept understanding ability in a more positive direction through collaboration between the brain-based learning model with an open-ended approach.

PENGARUH PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VII DI SMP NEGERI 2 BANGKINANG KOTA

This research is motivated by the less than optimal mathematics learning process caused by mathematics learning that is fixated on the teacher. This study aims to determine the effect of the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach on mathematics learning outcomes for class VII SMP Negeri 2 Bangkinang City. This research is an experimental research with a pretest posttest control group design model. The research subjects were seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Bangkinang City. The sampling technique in this study was random sampling, consisting of 29 experimental group students and 29 control group students. The method of data collection is done by test. Data analysis used parametric statistics with t-test (independent sample t-test) with SPSS for windows version 25.0. The results showed that the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach had a positive effect on improving mathematics learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the results of the independent sample t-test analysis with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. Based on the analysis and discussion, there are differences in the final average increase in mathematics learning outcomes, namely the experimental group of 83.45 and the control group of 72.24. The results of the study can be concluded that the use of realistic mathematics education learning approach has a positive effect on improving mathematics learning outcomes.

The Influence of Aerobic Exercise on Gross Motor Development Achievements in Children Aged 5-6 Years at St Antonius Kindergarten 2 Medan Academic Year 2023/2024

The Influence of Aerobic Exercise on Gross Motor Development Achievements in Children Aged 5-6 Years at St Antonius Kindergarten 2 Medan Academic Year 2023/2024

Profile of F2-Isoprostane Level After 5-Day Administration of Robusta Coffee at a Steady State Dose in Subjects Performing Physical Exercise

This study aims to analyze the effect of robusta Dampit coffee on F2-isoprostane levels influenced by ROS due to excessive exercise. This study was an experimental study with a pre- and post-test control group design with coffee administration. The total sample was 18 untrained or sedentary male, divided into two groups: coffee group (COF, n=9) and control/placebo group (PLB, n=9). The COF group was given 2 cups of filtered coffee a day (100 ml/cup) at 12-hour intervals for 5 days. Both groups performed physical exercise with a step test on day 6. Blood samples were collected pre and two hours post exercise. F2-isoprostane concentration was analyzed using the F2-isoprostane biomarker and ELISA to measure the level of lipid peroxidation. Results showed a decrease in F2-isoprostane levels in both COF (pre: 1531.57±278.13 pg/mL; post: 1367.6±230.24 pg/mL; p=0.110) and PLB (pre: 1716.65±501.19 pg/mL; post: 1600.02±500.59 pg/mL; p=0.139) groups with a greater decrease in the COF group. However, this reduction was not significantly different between groups (p=0.734). Although not significantly different, exercising participants tended to have lower F2-isoprostane levels after consuming robusta coffee for five days at a steady state dose. Therefore, further investigation is needed to ascertain the physiological consequences of coffee administration over a longer period of time and its effect on recovery speed. Keywords: coffee, exercise, lipid peroxidation, and F2-isoprostane